Evolution Group Review
1
Define “fitness” as it relates to evolution.
2
Explain the difference between gradualism & punctuated equilibrium pattern of evolution.
3
Explain heterozygote advantage. Give an example and explain how your example works.
4
Explain how antibiotic resistance can evolve in bacteria and how pesticide resistance can evolve in an
insect population.
5
Describe homologous structures, analogous structures, and vestigial organs. Explain their evolutionary
significance & give an example of each.
6
Define a population bottleneck and the founder effect. Explain their evolutionary significance & give an
example of each.
7
Explain directional selection, disruptive selection, and stabilizing selection. Give an example of each.
8
Explain sexual selection & give two examples.
9
Distinguish between gene flow and genetic drift.
10 Explain how the anatomical record, the molecular record, and the fossil record all support evolution.
Give an example.
11 What is the role of natural selection in the process of evolution?
12 Explain the difference between Darwinian and Lamarkian Evolution.
13 Explain how artificial selection supports evolution. Give three examples.
14 List and describe the pre-zygotic barriers that contribute to speciation.
15 List and describe the post-zygotic barriers that contribute to speciation.
16 Define allopatric and sympatric speciation and explain how both occur.
17 Explain how an organism's phenotype is dependent on its genetics and its environment.
18 Explain why genetic variation and mutation are important for natural selection in a changing
environment.
19 What conditions must be met for a population to be non-evolving, are these conditions frequently met?
20 How do phylogenetic trees and cladograms illustrate relatedness?
21 Define inherited characteristic and acquired characteristic.
22 How do HOX genes support evolution?
23 Discuss what was required of Primitive Earth for the synthesis of organic molecules
24 Explain the RNA World hypothesis
25 What are the 3 domains of life? How are they characterized?
26 What evidence of evolution is there at a cellular level?
27. In a population of 250 peas, 16% of the peas are homozygous recessive wrinkled and the rest are smooth.
What is the frequency of the dominant allele for smooth peas?
28. In a population that is Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, the frequency of the homozygous recessive genotype
is 0.09.
a. What is the p and q value for this population?
b. What is the frequency of individuals that are homozygous for the dominant trait?
c. What is the frequency of individuals that show the dominant trait?
29. A census of birds nesting on a Galapagos Island revealed that 24 of them show a rare recessive condition
that affected beak formation. The other 63 birds in this population show no beak defect. If this population is in
HW equilibrium, what is the frequency of the dominant allele? Give your answer to the nearest hundredth.
30. In a cat population, the black allele is dominant to white. There are 16% white cats. How many black cat
homozygotes & heterozygotes in the population? Assume HW equilibrium.
31. If 250 people out of a population of 1,000 are born with sickle-cell anemia, how many people in the
population will be more resistant to malaria because they are heterozygous for the sickle-cell gene?
32.
32.