Define the following terms/people:
Ancient Greece Study Guide - KEY
Mythology: stories about gods and heroes that explain how
Tyranny: Ruled by someone who illegally took control
the world works
Monarchy: Ruled by a King or Monarch
Thucydides: wrote The History of the Peloponnesian War
Leonidas: King of the Spartans
Agora: Greek marketplace
Epic Poem: Long poem that tells of a hero's deeds
Sparta: Greek city-state, won the Peloponnesian War.
Minoans: Early Greeks, lived on island of Crete
Militaristic.
Mycenaeans: After Minoans, early Greeks
Xerxes I: The king of the Persians during part 2 of the
Mt. Olympus: Believed that gods lived on top of this
Persian War.
mountain
Parthenon: Temple built to honor Athena.
Battle of Marathon: Ended first Persian War, runner died
Zeus: King of the gods
announcing victory.
Golden Age: Historical period marked by prosperity in
Pericles: Ruled during the Golden Age of Greece.
Ancient Greece.
Lyric Poem: A poem set to music
Barbarian: Any non-Greek
Alexander the Great: large empire; conquered Persia, Greece
Polis: Greek city-state
and other lands.
Fables: short stories that teach a lesson
Olympics: games to honor Zeus
Persian Wars: series of wars between Greece and Persia
Homer: Wrote the Iliad and the Odyssey
Peloponnesian War: 27 year war between Athens and
Socrates: Philosopher, sentenced to death
Sparta.
Hephaestus: Causes earthquakes/volcanic eruptions
Fresco: paintings done on wet plaster
Hellenistic: Blend of Greek, Persian, Syrian and Egyptian
Acropolis: hill on which the fort and temples are built
cultures
Democracy: People rule
Tragedy: plays that deal with disaster
Direct Democracy: every citizen votes on the laws
Comedy:
Oligarchy: Government ruled by small group of people
Plays that make fun of political figures
Answer the following questions:
*What was commonality in most Greek architecture? Columns
*What led to the Fall of Minoans? Earthquakes/volcanic eruptions
*What happens as a result of the Persian Wars? (More than one thing) Greek uniqueness, Athens power increases, alliances
*What was life like in Sparta? Violent, based on war, boys sent to army at age of 7
*What was life like in Athens? Revolved around education (physical and intellectual)
*What are the causes of the Persian Wars? Who won? Greeks interfered and Persia wanted revenge. The Greeks win.
*Which city-state is in charge of the Peloponnesian League? Sparta
*Which city-state is in charge of the Delian League? Athens
Short Answer and Extended Response Questions:
*Who taught whom out of Plato, Alexander, Socrates and Aristotle? (4 pts)
Socrates  Plato  Aristotle  Alexander
*Why was the Battle of Thermopylae (300) such a crucial moment in the Persian Wars? How did this event lead to
Greece’s victory in the end? Explain. (2 pts.)
The Spartans were able to hold the pass so that the Greeks could retreat and fight another day.
*Name two gods/goddesses and what they are the god/goddess of. (2pts.)
Varied.
* Compare and contrast life in Athens and Sparta. Include at least two similarities and two differences. (4 pts.)
Varied.