3.4-3.6 Warm Up
1. What is a carbohydrate?
2. What elements are present in a carbohydrate?
3. Name the main fuel molecule for cellular work.
4. Differentiate monosaccharide and disaccharide.
5. Name the most common disaccharide.
6. Which natural sugar is the sweetest?
CHAPTER 3
THE MOLECULES OF CELLS
CARBOHYDRATES
Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates are a class of molecules
They range from small sugars to large polysaccharides
Polysaccharides are long polymers made of
monosaccharide monomers
3.4 Monosaccharides are the
simplest carbohydrates
What are monosaccharides?
Monosaccharides are single-unit sugars that include
glucose and fructose
These molecules typically have a formula that is a
multiple of CH2O
Which functional groups are present in
monosaccharides?
Each monosaccharide
contains hydroxyl
groups
and a carbonyl group
How do your cells use monosaccharides?
monosaccharides are the main fuels for cellular work
their carbon backbones can be used to make amino
acids or other organic molecules
unused monosaccharides can be synthesized into
polysaccharides
Aldehyde vs. Ketone
Glucose
Fructose
Unbranched Chains to Rings
Abbreviated
structure
3.5 Cells link single sugars to form
disaccharides
How do your cells make a disaccharide?
monosaccharides can be joined together to form
disaccharides, such as sucrose (table sugar) and maltose
(brewing sugar) through dehydration synthesis
Sucrose
Maltose
3.6 Connection: How sweet is sweet?
How do you interpret a sweet taste?
Various types of molecules, including non-sugars, taste
sweet because they bind to “sweet” receptors on the
tongue
Taste Receptors
Which natural sugar is the sweetest?
fructose
Homework:
Read 3.7-3.8