Combo with “Culture: Celts, Boudica, and Cogidubnus”
and 10 others
Study online at quizlet.com/combine/10881913,10098735,8810096,8403581,5490744,4427211,4116394,3150273,3125229,255
0922,969791/
1.
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3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
"alea iacta
est"
"The die is cast" - Julius Caesar crossing the
Rubicon
"Carthago
delenda
est"
"Carthage must be destroyed" - Cato the Elder
about the threat of Carthage
"et tu,
Brute?"
Even you, Brutus?
"Remember
thou art
mortal"
words whispered by a slave in the ear of the
triumphant general
"veni, vidi,
vici"
"I came, I saw, I conquered" - Julius Caesar on
his victory over Mithridates' son
1 million
sestarces
3 sestarces
6 million
31 BC
27.
267 bc
roman conquest was completed
28.
287 BC
Tribal Assembly (plebeian assembly) gained the
power to pass laws that were binding on all the
people of Rome
29.
290 bc
romans won conquest of the saminites
30.
313 AD
year that Constantine legalized Christianity in the
Roman Empire
31.
340 bc
latium states revolted because of romes domination
in the alliance
32.
378 AD
This is how much your land had to be worth to
be considered for a post in the Senate.
the year of the Battle of Adrianople when the
Visigoths soundly defeated the Roman army and
killed the emperor
33.
395 AD
This is how much an unskilled worker was
normally paid for a day's work.
The year that the Roman Empire was divided into
East and West by Theodosius I
34.
length of the Roman rule of Britain
This is how many sacks of grain it took a year
to feed about 200,000 people for free in Rome.
400
years
35.
400,000
sestarces
This is how much your land had to be worth to be
considered to join the equestrians.
36.
476 AD
year that the historians date the Fall of Rome, the
army ended the long period of Roman rule by
placing a non-Roman upon the emperor's throne
in the west
37.
493 bc
rome formed an alliance with the latin
communities who provided a common defense
Battle of Actium - when Octavian's navy won a
decisive victory over Antony and Cleopatra and
he became Rome imperator - the beginning of
the Roman Empire
10.
31 bc
ocatvius
11.
42 bc
brutus and cassius are defeated at philippi
12.
43 bc
2nd triumvirate
38.
494 bc
stuggle of the orders, tribunes and nobiles
13.
43 CE
The Romans defeat the Celts
39.
494-133
conqest of mediterrranean and imperialism
14.
44 BC
year that Caesar was assassinated
40.
509 BC
15.
44 bc
death of julious caesar
date when the Etruscan king was overthrown and
the Roman Republic was formed by the Latins
44-31 bc
death of republic
41.
509 BC
year that the Roman Republic established
16.
48 bc
caesar defeats pmpey at pharsalus
42.
509 bc
birth of republic patricians and plebians
17.
50,000
This is how many miles of Roman road were
built during the Roman Empire.
509-494
bc
early republic
18.
53 bc
crassus dies and triumvirate dissolves leaving
caesar and pompey ruling together
44.
750 bc
etrustcans
19.
45.
750 BCE
Beginning of Celtic Society
46.
753 BC
year that Rome was founded by Romulus and
Remus
900
sestarces
This is how much a Roman legionnaire could
expect to be paid after one year of service.
48.
AD 70
the year that the Romans under Titus breached the
walls of Jerusalem, looted the temple, and
completely destroyed the city
49.
Aedile
(4) Managed public games, buildings, religious
festivals, and grain for the city. 2 aediles had to be
plebeians.
20.
59 bc
caesar commands at gaul for 5 year, most
important victories at gaul
21.
60 bc
1st triumvirate
22.
78 bc
caesar returns home to rome
23.
133 bc
strongmen, gracchi brothers, marius, sulla
24.
133-44 bc
late republic
25.
146 bc
destruction of carthage
26.
264 bc
first punic war
43.
47.
50.
51.
52.
53.
Aedile
aedilles
ager publicus
Agriculture
either of two (later 4) Roman magistrates
responsible for public buildings and
originally also for the public games and
supply of grain to the city. This was a very
prominent position as it allowed men to
throw lavish games from their own private
funds, thus gaining them huge popularity.
Apollo
Apollo
Appian
Way
road from Rome to Capua which crucified slaves
of Sparactus' army were erected alongside
68.
Aqueducts
city officials, cared for citites, stored grain,
held roman games and festivals
Built by the Romans, these large water channels
fed water, sometimes for more than 30 miles,
into the cities. Many are still standing,
including the Pont du Gard in France.
69.
aqueducts
public land - which was a source of
controversy after the Punic Wars
bridge-like stone structures that carry water from
the hills into Roman cities
70.
Aquitania
Even thought trade increased, this was still
the number one occupation for most people in
the Roman Empire.
SW Gaul, separated from Spain by Pyrenees
Mountains
1 of 3 main divisions
71.
Arar
Saone River off the Rhone
Arch,
vault,
dome
Name three architectural features the Romans
brought to building because of their love for
curvilinear forms.
73.
Ares
Mars
74.
Ariovistus
An arrogant German chief whom Caesar
defeated and drove from Gaul back into
Germany.
75.
Arius
Greek Christian who originated the heresy that
Jesus was not truly divine, Arianism
around
when did
the celts
originate?
800 BC
77.
Artemis
Diana
78.
Athena
Minerva
79.
Attila
Leader of the Huns who put pressure on the
Roman Empire's borders during the 5th century
80.
Auctoritas
Basically authority, the ability to lead and
rule.Referred to the general level of prestige a
person had in Ancient Roman society and in
particular politics. It had particular meaning in
the Senate where it was centred around your
political clout, your ability to gain and keep loyal
followers and win higher political office.
81.
augurs
interpreted signs/warnings, divination
82.
Augustus
Title of divinity, bestowed upon Octavian by the
Senate
83.
Augustus
This word means most revered one.
84.
augustus
the name given for a "co-emperor"
Augustus
and Roma
The names of the two gods created by Augustus
to be the male and female of the imperial cult.
Auxiliaries
This group of soldiers was mostly made up of
foreigners (outside Italy) and they would get
their citizenship after serving 24 years. Mostly
foot soldiers with some cavalry.
54.
Alaric
Visigoth leader; in A.D. 410, he and his
soldiers captured Rome
55.
Alcon
This man was a famous surgeon during the
Flavian age who specialized in bone
diseases.
56.
Alesia
chief city of the Mandubii, a Gallic tribe
Vercingetorix united all of Gaul against
Caesar
57.
Alesia
siege of Gallic forces by Caesar that ultimately
breaks the will of the Gallic resistance
58.
Alpes
Alps
separating Cisalpine Gaul from Transalpine
Gaul and Germany
59.
Ambiorix
chief of the Eburones. He started a revolt and
led the ambush of the troops of Sabinus and
Cotta. Ambiorix succeeded in escaping
Caesar.
60.
61.
62.
Amicitia
Amphoras
Ampitheaters
The informal friendships formed between
Patrician men (and entire families) in
positions of power. It was the friendship of
your Amici which enabled politicians to
climb the political ranks and reach the
positions of power. Without Amici to endorse
your politically, you would not make it far in
Roman politics.
Large, two handled pottery jars with pointy
bottoms that were used to transport goods
across long distances (often by water).
The Colosseum was considered one of these
types of structures, designed to show
gladiatorial contests or amazing naval battle
recreations.
66.
67.
72.
76.
85.
Antoninus
Pious
This "good" emperor stayed more in Rome
and was considered sweet and serene.
64.
antony
caesars assistant, control of greece to east,
allies himself with egypt(cleopatra)
65.
Aphrodite
Venus
63.
86.
87.
Axona
Aisne river
S Belgic Gaul
88.
Baptism
The simple Christian initiation rite into the
church involving water.
89.
barbarians
a Roman term for all those outside the
empire who did not share in the Greek or
Roman cultures
Battle of
Cannae
Hannibal encircled Romans; beat force at
least three times bigger than his own;
greatest victory
91.
Belgium
land of the Belgae
1 of 3 main divisions
N Gaul
92.
Bishops
The name for people believed to be
descended from the original Apostles who
oversaw the work of the elders in the early
Christian church.
90.
93.
Bog Body
the preserved remains of Celtic human
sacrifices
94.
Britain
Location of Modern Celtic Ancestors
95.
Britannia
Island of Britain
described as triangular
96.
Brutus
one of the leading assassins of Caesar
97.
caesar
the name for the "assistant" to the coemperor
98.
Caesarion
Caesar and Cleopatra's son whose later
murdered by Octavian
99.
caius marius
roman leader who made powerful reforms
to the military
100.
101.
Caligula
Cannae
A Julio-Claudian ruler who was extremely
erratic - even to the point of wanting to be
called a god. his own praetorian guard
killed him.
worse defeat in Rome's history which was
executed by hanibal in the Second Punic
War
102.
Caracalla
This emperor gave every free inhabitant of
the Roman Empire citizenship in 212 AD.
103.
Carrhae
defeat of Crassus whose death at the hands
of the Parthians spelled the end for the
First Triumvirate
104.
carthage
formidable mediterranean power, founded
my phonecians in 800 bc, important
commercial center, strong military state,
largest/richest state in the area
105.
Cassivellaunus
leader of the Britons. He finally
surrendered to Caesar
106.
Casticus
a chief of the Sequanians. He joined with
Orgetorix and Dumnorix in the conspiracy
to gain control of Gaul
cato the
elder
roman praetor, consul, and censor, forced all
greek philosophers to leave rome
Cato the
Younger
senator who wore all blackrather than the
traaditional white with purple strip on the
toga and who was most defiant of Caesar who
commits suicide rather than submit to Ceasar
109.
catullus
great roman writer, variety of poems
110.
Censor
This position was the ultimate culmination of
a successful political career. Technically seen
as outside the Cursus Honorum, it enabled the
holder to supervise public morality and oversee
certain aspects of public finances. However,
the most important duty of this position was to
maintain a complete census of Rome.
111.
Censor
(2)Conducted a census of citizens and property
for taxes during an eighteen-month term.
Appointed, disciplined, and expelled senators
as needed.
112.
censors
most respected, power over senate
113.
census
a period count of the population for military
and, tax, and voting purposes which was first
taken out by Servius Tullius
centurian
assembly
soldiers in the army serving as political unit,
must be a roman citizen, organized by classes,
pass laws, elect magistrates
115.
Cicero
one of the leading political figures of the late
Roman Republic, also an outstanding scholar,
author, lawyer, and statesman. Eloquent and
effective speaker, master of Latin prose
116.
Cicero
influential Roman senator and orator who
uncovered the Cataline conspiracy but was
utlimately killed by Mark Antony
cicero,
octavius
and brutus
for the good of rome
118.
Cincinnatus
Pietas: dutifulness for one's country in times of
need.
119.
Cincinnatus
a model dictator for the Romans. He
organized an army, led the Romans to victory,
attended victory celebrations, and returned to
his farmland all within 16 days.
Circus
Maximus
This is the place you would go in Rome to see
horse and chariot races for entertainment.
City
councils
People ruling foreign provinces didn't have
much Rome support, so they set up these
groups to help them run their area.
107.
108.
114.
117.
120.
121.
civil wars between
patricians/senate/optimates
vs. equites/lower
classes/populares
78-44 bc
123.
clan
a number of families from
a common ancestor
124.
Claudius
The third Julio-Claudian
ruler who had a physical
deformity. He was actually
a decent leader and
responsible for the
annexation of Britain.
122.
125.
Cleopatra
Last Pharaoh of Egpyt who
seduced Caesar and later
Mark Antony
126.
cleopatra VII
allied with antony, fell
deeply in love with antony,
"whore of the east"
127.
client
person who serves the
patron with labor, votes,
general loyalty or service
128.
clientage
social system in which
wealthy citizens provid
needs for lower class
dependence, getting their
support and loyalty in
return- symbiotic
129.
130.
131.
Cloaca Maxima
Cloelia
Collegiality
sewer system created by
Servius Tullius which
allowed the city of Rome to
grow
Virtus: manly courage,
bravery, and strength for
the gloria of Rome
Every political position had
at least 2 officers to avoid
one man having ultimate
power
132.
Coloni
The Roman word for free
tenant farmers.
133.
Colosseum
This event center was
inaugurated in 80 AD by
the emperor Titus and
showed all sorts of
spectacles and games for
the Roman public.
Comitia
Centuriata
One of the democratic assemblies of Rome,
based on the original 193 centuries of the
army. Very powerful, full legislative power;
pass any law except declaration of war;
responsible for electing consuls, praetors,
and censors; voting districts; richer are in
smaller centuries & wealthier are in larger
centuries; 8 for Equites and 90 for first class
infantry.
Comitia
Centuriata
Consisted of 193 centuries based on wealth.
Elected the consuls, censors, and praetors.
Passed laws by voting.
Comitia
Curiata
Was an assembly from monarchy; became
obsolete eventually.
Comitia
Tributa
Elected the quaestors, aediles, and tribunes.
Concilium Plebis sub-committee.
Made plebicites which all magistrates had
to recognize as law.
Comitia
Tributa
One of the major assemblies, divided into
tribes: Votes on legislation, elects some
magistrates, judges some civil cases. There
were 35 tribes in total, 4 from urban areas
and 31 from the rural areas surrounding
Rome.
139.
Commius
King of the Atrebates, a Belgian tribe
friendly to Caesar. Sent by Caesar as an
envoy to Britain in 55 B.C. where he was
thrown into chains, but later released
140.
Commodus
This man followed Marcus Aurelius as
emperor and broke the line of adopted sons,
but he was not a good leader. He was
eventually assassinated.
Concilium
Plebis
Represented the interests of the plebs; voted
on plebeian aediles and tribunes.
Conflict of
Orders
Plebs vs. Patricians; Plebs wanted
representation and rights in the government
Conflict of the
Orders
Also known as the secession of the Plebs.
This struggle for equality took place in the
early republic when the Plebeians refused to
serve in the army unless they were granted
more political rights. They succeeded and
this led to the creation of the office of
Tribune.
Constantine
Roman Emperor who legalized Christianity
and played an active role in church
politics...
Constitutional
monarchy
Octavian took Rome from a Republic to this
type of government - run by the Senate and
the Princeps.
134.
135.
136.
137.
138.
141.
142.
143.
144.
145.
146.
Consul
In the Roman republic, one of the two
powerful officials elected each year to
command the army and direct the
government. They held the power of
Imperium and could only serve 1 year terms
in office.
147.
Consul
(2)Convened and presided over the Senate
and Assemblies. This office carried the
greatest imperium or the right to preside over
the army, carry out the law, and pass death
sentences.
148.
consuls
annually elected leaders of the Roman
Republic who held the imperium
149.
consuls
chief executive, officers of the republic,
chosen annually, 2 consuls
150.
consuls
chief administrator, generals on the field,
executive
151.
consuls
two leaders of the Republic one year and
cannot be re-elected consecutively
152.
corvus
gangplank used to turn the tide of war
against Carthage in the First Punic War
153.
Cosmopolitan
This word is often used to describe the city of
Rome and means being sophisticated and of
the world at large.
Council of
Nicaea
Christian council that met in 325 AD to
determine the question of the trinity; decided
that God was three and one, God the Father,
God the Son, and God the Holy Spirit
154.
council of
plebes
responsible for convoking and placing
proposals
156.
Crassus
one of the richest men in Rome, famous for
defeat of a slave revolt, ruled with Pompey
and Julius Caesar in a triumvirate
157.
Crassus
Richest man in Rome due to proscription
and fire dept. General who defeated
Spartacus. He later served in the First
Triumvirate but was killed in Parthia.
155.
158.
159.
160.
161.
crucifixion
a Roman death sentence which involved
nailing the criminal to a cross and leaving
them to die
cum manu/
sine manu
fathers arranged daughters marriges,
without legal control, with legal control
Cursus
Honorum
The Course of Honours was the ladder of
political achievement that Roman Patrician
men all aspired to follow. It laid out the
various ranks of political service and also
the first rules of military service before
entering political office. It was very
important to follow this 'ladder to the top' in
order as it was based on rank and seniority.
cursus
honorum
ascending order of Roman magistrates. The
political career ladder.
162.
Curule
Curule magistrates could wear toga praetexta
and sit in the sella curulis.
163.
Cybele
The name of one of the mystery religious cults
that grew around the worship of the Great
Mother during the latter part of the Roman
Empire.
164.
decemviri
451 BC, board of 10 men, wrote down laws for
all to see. Published the 12 tables in 445 BC.
165.
Demeter
Ceres
166.
Dictator
An exceptional position in Roman politics. This
was outside of the Cursus Honorum and was
only granted to one man when Rome was in a
dire emergency. The position allowed the man
to suspend the senate and placed all emergency
powers in his hands until the crisis was over.
They were supposed to serve for no more than
one year.
167.
Dictator
Led Rome in times of crisis for a six-month
term. This position was the only one that could
not be vetoed by another office or assembly.
168.
dictator
a ruler who has complete control over a govt. for
six months but was only allowed in desperate
times
169.
dictator
supreme powers, ruled for 6 monthes
170.
dictatorial
absolute power over assigned region, used
proscription
did celts
have
wheeled
transport?
yes believe they did
172.
Dignitas
The complete sum of a Roman man's
achievement throughout his life. This included
his honour, prestige, dignity, rank, esteem,
seniority etc. All Roman men aspired to increase
their Dignitas through military, political and
public service. As you became older, your
Dignitas would increased with your rank and
seniority, especially if you served as a politician.
173.
Diocletian
Roman emperor who oversaw the last and most
widespread persecution of Christians in Roman
history
174.
Dionysus
Bacchus
171.
175.
Diviciacus
a prominent pro-Roman Aeduan
Unlike his brother, Dumnorix, he was loyal
to Caesar.
176.
Druid
a Celtic priest
177.
Dumnorix
An influential and ambitious anti-Roman
Aeduan who continually opposed Caesar.
He was finally killed in an attempt to escape
from Caesar's camp
prevented Caesar from getting grain
Earliest
examples of
celtic
language?
6th century BCE
179.
Edict of Milan
document which legalized Christianity in
the Roman Empire in 313 AD...
180.
Epicureanism
the philosophy that thinks that true
happiness only comes to someone who frees
their mind from fear and frees their body
from pain
178.
181.
Eporedorix
An Aeduan noble, loyal to Caesar at first.
He later joined Vercingetorix as one of the
leaders of the Gallic army that went to relive
the siege of Alesia
182.
equestrians
social group in rome, political turmoil
183.
equites
calvary, $, slaves-$$, opportunity
184.
Essenes
The Jewish group that lived near the Dead
Sea and were waiting for a Messiah to
establish peace on earth.
185.
Etruscans
One of Italy's earliest civilizations; lived in
northern Italy and contributed to the
development of Roman culture
186.
etruscans
first- culture, arts, ways of doing things all
stolen by romans
187.
Eucharist
This is considered the sacrament that
commemorates the Lord's Supper or Jesus'
Last Supper.
188.
Fasces
The bunch of rods tied together
with an axe. Held by lictors when
guarding magistrates with
imperium. Symbolized the "life and
death" power of magistrates.
189.
fasces
a small bundle of rods which
enclosed an axe; symbol of the
imperium
190.
fasces
ax surrounded by a bundle of rods
Fill in blanks: The
celts established o---t---- ro---- throughout
E---a--a, in a preroman society
overland trade routes, throughout
Eurasia
192.
First Triumvirate
Pompey, Crassus, and Caesar b/c
Senate refused to give in to each of
their demands
193.
first triumvirate
caesar, crassus, pompeycombination of wealth and power,
dominated the political scene
194.
Franks
This group of people took back
parts of Gaul and Spain from the
Romans before their downfall.
195.
gaius g.
restores more land to the people
and gives court control to the
equites
196.
Gaius Gracchus
tried to carry on the reforms his
brother had tried, also tried to
lower grain prices for the poor
197.
Gaius Gracchus
Tribune who tried to help the
plebeians with food subsidies,
employment projects, and
citizenship but was ultimately
killed by a mob
198.
Gaius Volusenus
A tribune in Caesar's army. He was
sent by Caesar to Britain on a
scouting expedition in 55 B.C.
191.
199.
200.
201.
202.
203.
204.
Galen
220.
Helvetia
The homeland of the Helvetii, divided
into 4 cantons; modern Switzerland
221.
Hephaestus
Vulcan
222.
Hera
Juno
223.
Hermes
Mercury
224.
Hestia
Vesta
225.
hierarchical
having many levels of authority
226.
Hillfort
Celtic settlements, protected by walls,
fences, and moats
227.
Hispania
Ancient Spain, Spain and Portugal
228.
Horace
friend of Virgil, Poet of the Augustan
age, praised triumph and power of
Rome
229.
Horace
This writer liked to laugh at human
weakness and wrote a work called
Satires.
230.
Horatius Cocles
Salus: putting the safety of others as a
priority.
How was
Cartimandua
different from
Boudica?
she openly welcomed the Romans
How was the
druid class wiped
out?
they were wiped out by the romans,
who wanted control over them
233.
Huns
Fierce, nomadic people from Asia who
attacked the Roman Empire.
234.
Ides of March
month and day Caesar was
assassinated
235.
Illyricum
a narrow province that bordered
Cisalpine Gaul at the head of the
Adriatic Sea
236.
Imperator
This is the Roman word for emperor. It
wasn't really used by the rulers until
Vespasian.
237.
imperator
an ancient title given to the
commander of a victorious army; head
of the Roman Empire
238.
Imperial province
Carthaginian military commander who, in the
Second Punic War, attempted a surprise attack
on Rome, crossing the Alps with a large group
of soldiers, horses, and elephants.
This type of province was ruled by
legates and reported directly to the
ruler.
239.
Imperium
This word means the right to rule.
240.
imperium
the right to rule
hannibal
carthaginian general who led during the
punic wars
241.
Infanticide
This is the killing of children by their
parents.
head of
secondary
schools
grammaticus
242.
Insulae
This is the word for a poor, Roman
apartment block which could be up to
six stories high in the city.
Galen
Greek physician (doctor), wrote encyclopedia
of medical knowledge that became the
standard reference into the middle ages
This man became a famous as a physician for
the gladiators and then to the emperor Marcus
Aurelius. He was also a Greek.
Galia
Cisalpina
Cisalpine Gaul
N from Italy to the Alps
Gallia
A general term comprising modern France
and parts of Switzerland, Belgium, and
Holland; all the territory between the Pyrenees
Mountains and the Rhine River
Gallia
Transalpina
Transalpine Gaul (Provincia)
SE France
Garumna
Garonne
SW France
205.
Gaul
modern-day France and parts of Belgium
which were conquered by Caesar
206.
Genava
Geneva in Switzerland
207.
gentes
grouped social units, clans
geocentric
theory
the idea that the sun and planets revolve
around the earth - made famous by Ptolemy
209.
Germania
Germany, east of Rhine River
210.
gladiators
trained fighters, usually slaves, who fought in
arenas as entertainment
211.
gospel
The "good news" of Jesus' life, death, and
resurrection
231.
208.
212.
213.
214.
Gospels
Goths
Greek
This is the word we use to group the first four
books of the New Testament.
This group of people began to take the
Balkans, parts of Greece and Asia Minor from
the Romans before their downfall.
This is the language of most of the eastern
Roman Empire.
215.
Hades
Pluto
216.
Hadrian
This "good" emperor spent lots of his time on
military matters - and built an 80 mile wall as
a defense against barbarians in northern
Britain and the Pantheon in honor of all the
gods in Rome.
217.
218.
219.
Hannibal
232.
243.
Iron
Material for Celtic Weapons
244.
Iron Age
The period during which the Celts lived
245.
Iura
Jura mountains
Rhine to the Rhone
246.
j caesar
uses gaul soldiers to defeat and kill pompey
Jesus
Christ
a teacher and prophet born in Bethlehem and
active in Nazareth, killed by Roman execution
and worshiped as God by his followers who
believe that he resurrected after his death
247.
263.
Leges
laws that are voted upon by Comitia Centuriata
and Comitia Tributa
264.
Legion
This is one group of fighting men for Rome. One
group generally numbered 5,400 men.
265.
Lemannus
Lake Geneva in Switzerland
266.
lepidus
commander in the calvary, africa, removed from
power
267.
Lictor
Josephus
Jewish historian who recorded the conflicts
between Rome and the Jews
Julius
Caesar
nephew of Marius, undertook ambitious projects
to win the public favor, knew how to sway the
common people to support his cause, conquered
Gaul and Britain, returned to Rome and defeated
Pompey and the Senate becoming sole ruler of
Rome (dictator)
Julius
Caesar
Conqueror of Gaul and defeated Caesar to
become dictator of Rome before being
assassinated by jealous senators
Junius
Brutus
Aequitas: fairness in when dealing with people
and the laws of the government
252.
Jurists
The job title for men who helped classify and
compile basic legal principles.
268.
253.
Juvenal
Often considered the best poet of the "silver
age", this man used his poems to attack his own
society, while offering no solutions for the
problems he chronicled.
269.
248.
249.
250.
251.
254.
Juvenal
Roman poet who lived after the death of
Augustus, wrote bitter satires on the loose
morals and social problems of the Roman
Empire
Bodyguard for magistrates with imperium
(consuls, praetors, and censors). From Latin
verb ligare = to bind.
liger
Loire river
largest river in Gaul
Lindow
Man
an upper class victim of Celtic human sacrifice
270.
Livy
This writer wrote a history of Rome in 142 books
- though only 35 survived.
271.
Livy
Roman historian, lived during Augustan Age,
wrote lengthy history of Rome
272.
livy
best friends with octavius, asked that plays and
stories be written about what rome used to be
lucius
sulla
roman leader whose reforms restored power to
the senate
255.
Latifundia
The Roman word for a large, landed estate.
256.
latifundia
large landed estates
257.
latifundia
large land estates worked by slave labor
274.
Lucretia
258.
Latin
This is the language of most of the western
Roman Empire.
Pudicita: feminine honor, faithfulness in a
marriage
275.
Lucretius
a system of rewards given to conquered peoples
which always required military aid for Rome
and would eventually lead to citizenship
greatest exponent of Epicureanism in the
Roman world, wrote On the Nature of Things
(poem about Epicurean philosophy)
276.
lucretius
great roman writer, used vivid imagery, nature
and the universe
277.
Lutetia
Modern Paris
city of the Parisii tribe on the Seine River island
Maius
imperium
These words mean the most right to rule.
Make
haste
slowly
This was considered one of Augustus' favorite
sayings and showed his traditional values.
273.
259.
260.
261.
262.
Latin
Right
Law of
Twelve
Tables
Sets of laws in Rome, first organized in 450 BC
Law of
Twelve
Tribes
Foundation of Roman civil law; the first written
law code in Rome; hung in the Roman Forum
League of
the Seven
Hills
League of seven villages on the banks of the
Tiber river; the beginning of the city of Rome
278.
279.
280.
281.
282.
283.
284.
285.
March 15, 44
BC
Ides of March, day when Julius Caesar was
assassinated by a group of conspiring
members of the Senate
Marcus
Aurelius
eminent Roman devoted to Stoicism, scholar,
philosopher, administrator, and last of socalled Good Emperors of Rome
Marcus
Aurelius
The last of the "good" emperors, this man
was considered a philosopher-king and a
follower of the Stoics.
Mare
Nostrum
Roman nickname for the Mediterranean Sea
Marius
after the Gracchi brothers, he championed
the cause of the poor, reorganized the
military, allowing the poor and landless to
enlist, paying the soldiers a share of the
spoils of war - created a "professional army",
serving for financial gain more than
patriotism
Marius
a Roman general who was elected consul
seven times- he is known for the big changes
he made to the Roman army, making it easier
for men to be Roman soldiers
286.
marius
military man, professional army-loyalty is to
a man, not the state
287.
Martyr
One who voluntarily suffers death as the
penalty for refusing to renounce their
religion.
288.
Matrona
Marne River off the Seine
289.
Military
Early roads were built throughout the Empire
for this purpose (or group of people).
Military
monarchy
Severus changed the constitutional monarchy
to this type of government by emphasizing the
importance of the military.
291.
Mistletoe
a sacred Celtic plant used by Druids
292.
Mithraism
The name of another mystery cult whose
supreme god was the god of light and was
also called Zoroastrianism. Only men could
join the Roman version.
290.
293.
294.
Mithridates
monasticism
King of Pontus who was defeated by Sulla
and then Pompey
men and women separate themselves from
society to live together in Christian
community
295.
Mos Maiorum
The custom of our ancestors, the way it has
always been. An unwritten code of laws and
conduct, of the Romans. It institutionalized
cultural traditions, societal mores, and
general policies, as distinct from specific
laws. The most important aspect of this
concept was that what your ancestors did in
the past must be emulated by current
generations to keep the 'ways of old' intact.
296.
mos maiorum
customs, traditions of anscestors, parental
authority, obligations to the state
297.
Mt. Vesuvius
This volcano erupted in 79 AD, sending tons
of lava and ash into the sky.
Mucius
Scaevola
Severitas: strength of mind, the ability to
stick to one's purpose despite the
consequences.
Name the
three towns
who were
attacked by
the rebels?
Camulodunum, Londinium, Verulamium
300.
Neoplatonism
This belief thought that reason could
connect the invisible, spiritual world with
the concrete world. It was used by some in
the early Christian church to explain
complex theological concepts.
301.
Nero
Roman emperor who began the first official
persecution of Christianity
302.
Nero
Another crazy Julio-Claudian ruler who
killed his own mother, then later killed
himself. He was dedicated, in the end, to
nothing but his art.
303.
Nerva
This man was first of the five good
emperors. He had no sons so adopted
Trajan so there would be a new leader.
304.
novus homo
new man, himself and descendants became
members of this oligarchy
305.
Octavian
He wanted to be called princeps instead of
augustus when he began ruling Rome in 27
BC.
306.
octavian
caesars heir/nephew, rome to the west
307.
octavian
member of the second triumvirate who
defeats antony in 31 bc
308.
optimates
the best men, became prominent, not
political parties
309.
Orgetorix
Wealthiest of the Helvetian chiefs
planned the migration into western Gaul
attempted to seize control of Helvetia and
plotted with Casticus and Dumnorix to
conquer all Gaul. When arrested by the
Helvetians, he committed suicide
298.
299.
310.
Ovid
This poet wrote love poems that were
considered scandalous by Augustus and
eventually got him exiled from Rome.
311.
Ovid
Roman poet who wrote about mythology and
love, wrote Metamorphoses
312.
Pantheon
This is the name of the massive temple in
Rome built to honor every god. It has a huge
dome and hole in the center of the roof to let
in light.
313.
314.
pater
the father in the Roman family; exercised sole
authority in the family
Pater
Familias
"Father of the family"; this was generally the
eldest man of the house, and he ruled the
household; he'd decide marriage for his
children, the role of his wife in the household
and above all the power of life and death over
all members of his family. This idea was
based on rank and seniority and placed a
hugely important role in all Roman life.
315.
paterfamilia
oldest male, head of the family
316.
patriarchs
bishops of the most important cities of the
Empire
317.
Patrician
Wealthy class; comes from 'patres' which
means fathers.
318.
Patricians
A member of one of the noble families of the
ancient Roman Republic, which before the
third century B.C. had exclusive rights to the
Senate and the magistracies. They were able
to trace their ancestry back hundreds of years
and constantly abused their high positions of
power.
319.
patricians
aristocrats, wealthy, upper class, hereditart
320.
patricians
members of the landholding upper class
321.
patricians
the aristocratic class in Rome made up of
wealthy landowners and noble families
322.
patron
wealthy aristocrat who provides money,
political protection, economic and legal help
to the clients
Patron
Client
System
Relations in which Patricians gain the
support of lesser men through a mutual
exchange of benefits and obligations. This
system was hugely important in the
establishment and running of Ancient Rome.
Patricians would collect the favours of lesser
men and then coerce them into voting for
them and also showing public displays of
respect and even affection.
323.
324.
Paul
one-time persecutor of Christians, became the
greatest Christian missionary in the first
century AD
Paul of
Tarsus
This follower of Jesus is considered the "second
founder of Christianity" but he reached out to
non-Jews and was a Roman citizen.
Pax
Romana
Age of "Roman Peace" from 31 BC to 180 AD
327.
Pergamum
rich kingdom in Asia Minor that was given to
Rome after its king died
328.
Perpetua
One of the first Christian women martyrs on
record, she was killed by wild animals in an
arena in Carthage in 203 AD.
329.
Persians
This group of people started fighting against
Rome and eventually captured the emperor
Valerian and killed him.
330.
Pharisees
The Jewish group that were committed to
Jewish ritual and were non-violent about
getting rid of Roman rule.
331.
Pharsalus
Caesar's decisive victory over Pompey in Greece
during the Civil War
332.
Pietas
One of the Roman virtues usually translated as
"duty" or "devotion." Aeneas embodies this
virtue, and is particularly emblematic of it in
book II of the Aeneid when he flees burning
Troy bearing his father, who carries the
household gods, on his back. In this example,
Aeneas illustrates the concept both by carrying
his father, which is devotion to family, and that
he rescues the household gods as well, which is
devotion to the gods.
333.
pietas
highest virtue, execution of ones obligation to
citizens gods and the state
334.
platus
greek new comedy, costumes and masks,
popular
335.
Plebeians
Members of the lower class of Ancient Rome
including farmers, merchants, artisans and
traders. In the beginning of the Republic, they
were unable to hold any public office and could
only exercise their rights through voting in the
assemblies. However, this changed with the
creation of Tribunes and also the fact that one
of them had to be elected Consul in the later
Republic.
336.
plebeians
the common class in Rome made up of farmers,
traders, and craftsmen
337.
plebeians
the farmers, merchants, artisans, and traders
who made up the bulk of the population
338.
plebians
everyone else, workers farmer merchants
339.
Plebiscites
laws that the Concilium Plebis created and
voted upon
340.
plebiscites
resolutions of the Council of Plebeians
341.
Plebs
Common people
325.
326.
342.
Plutarch
Greek writer who wrote biographies
comparing the lives of great Greek and
Roman men, called Parallel Lives of
Illustrious Greeks and Romans
343.
Political Term
All terms were one year long except for
censors who had an 18 month term
344.
Polycarp
This 86 year old man, bishop of Smyrna,
would not renounce Christ and was
burned at the stake in Asia.
345.
Polytheistic
Celtic religion (mono or polytheistic)
346.
Pompeii
This city was obliterated by a volcano
eruption in 79 AD. Toxic fumes killed
many people and the whole town was
buried in ash.
347.
348.
Pompey
Pompey
Roman general and statesman who
cleared the Med. of pirates, conquered the
East, was a part of the First Triumvirate
before fighting Caesar in the Civil War
and fleeing to Egypt where he was
murdered
surpassed Crassus in glory, great military
conquests for Rome in Asia Minor, Syria,
and Palestine, rid the Mediterranean of
pirates, ruled with Crassus and Julius
Caesar in a triumvirate
praetor
possessed imperium, in charge of the civil law
Praetorian
guards
This group of soldiers was hand-picked by the
emperor and their primary job was guarding
him. They also got citizenship after serving 16
years.
361.
preator
judge, commaned armies and governed
provinces
362.
Presbyters
The name for elders in the early Christian
church.
363.
Princeps
This word means chief citizen.
364.
princeps
one of Augustus' many titles, meaning "first
citizen"
365.
Pro-
Only consuls and praetors could become
proconsuls or propraetors. This meant that
they governed a Roman province when they
finished their term.
366.
proscription
posting of names of people who are outlawed,
exiled, or condemned to death; death list
367.
proscription
Sulla's published list in the Forum of
outlawed "traitors" and anyone who harbored
them
368.
Ptolemy
Alexandrian (Greek) astronomer who taught
that the sun, moon, and planets revolve
around the earth
359.
360.
349.
pompey
part of the first triumvirate and defeated
by j caesar
369.
publicans
tax collector for the Roman Republic in the
provinces
350.
pompey
senates last hope against caesar, killed by
caesar
370.
Punic Wars
Three wars between Carthage and Rome
pontifex
maximus
office held by Roman Emperors, meaning
"greatest priest" - could supposedly
interpret the will of the gods
371.
Pyrenaei
Pyrenees, separating Gaul from Spain
pyrrhic
victory
costly victory
pontiff/pontifex
maximus
college of priests, carried out rituals
373.
Pyrrhus
Pontius Pilate
This Roman procurator eventually
ordered the cruxifiction of Jesus.
an ancient Greek king famous for military
successes gained at too great a cost in lives
and treasure on both sides
374.
Pyrrhus
king of Epirus who came to the defense of
Greek colonies in Italy, defeated the Romans
in two battles in spite of staggering losses but
ultimately was forced out of Italy
375.
Quaestor
(20) Supervised the treasury, acted like
assistants to the other magistrates, and
investigated criminals and crimes
376.
Quaestor
Originally there were 4 of these men in the
early republic. However, later their number
was increased to 20. They were the financial
officers of Rome and were responsible for
doling out the money from the treasury. They
were the lowest magistrate rank and did not
have the right to speak in the Senate.
377.
questors
finances CFO
351.
352.
353.
354.
Pontius Pilate
Roman governor who sentenced Jesus to
crucifixion
355.
populares
favoring the people, leaders, not political
parties
356.
Poseidon
Neptune
357.
Praetor
(2)Assumed the responsibilities of the
consuls if they were absent from Rome.
Acted as judges in a court of law or could
appoint judges.
358.
Praetor
they were second to the consuls; were
primarily judicial officials (judges); They
had to be at least 39 years old. They were
also granted the power of Imperium,
along with the Consuls.
372.
Quintus
Tullius Cicero
brother of the famous orator
one of Caesar's best lieutenants, won
renown by resisting a siege of his winter
quarters by the rebellious Gauls
reason for
roman
republics
death
personal greed, senatorial fear of military,
increase of extreme class separation,
military now loyal to individuals,
proscription
380.
Republic
a form of government in which citizens elect
representatives to speak or act on their
behalf
381.
republic
form of government in which voting citizens
exercise power through elected officials
under law
382.
Res Gestae
This book, written by Augustus, gave us a
list of his accomplishments.
383.
res publica
a public affair (republic)
384.
Rhenus
Rhine River separating Gaul and Germany
385.
Rhine River
boundary of Roman expansion north but
was bridged and crossed by Caesar as a
show of force to the Germans
386.
Rhodanus
Rhone River, flows through Lake Geneva
and empties into the Mediterranean
roman army
functioning
as a political
army
centurian assembly
Roman
Forum
the center of Roman government
Roman
legionnaries
This group of soldiers originally all came
from Italy and would get their citizenship
after serving 20 years.
378.
379.
387.
388.
389.
390.
391.
392.
Romanization
This was what the military helped spread
throughout the Empire because of its
common use of language and culture.
Romulus and
Remus
two twins who according to legend founded
the city of Rome in 753 BC
Romulus and
Remus
The two twins who founded the city of Rome
in 753 BC. According to legend, they were
twin sons of the god Mars and a Latin
princess. The twins were abandoned on the
Tiber River as infants and raised by a shewolf. The twins then decided to build a city
near the spot.
393.
Roundhouse
the homes Celts lived in, made of straw and
mud
394.
Rubicon River
boundary of Roman Italy that Caesar
crossed starting the Civil War
395.
Sacrosanctity
This meant that it was Illegal to physically
harm any Tribune, on punishment of death.
If any man did try to harm a Tribune it was
the right of all surrounding citizens to come
to his aid and protect him.
396.
Sadduccees
The Jewish group of leaders who favored
strick Hebrew law.
397.
Scapegoats
Nero used the Christians to become this for
him after the fires that nearly destroyed
Rome. He put the blame on them - claiming
they were arsonists and hated other humans.
398.
Scipio
Roman general who commanded the
invasion of Carthage in the second Punic
War and defeated Hannibal at Zama
Scipio
Africanus
Roman general who commanded the
invasion of Carthage in the second Punic
War and defeated Hannibal at Zama
scipio
africanus
roman general who defeated carthage in the
battle of zama
secede
to withdraw (carried out by plebieans in
order to win the Struggle of Orders)
second
triumvirate
antony, octavian, marcus- legally
empowered to rule rome, pursued caesars
assassins
403.
Senate
legislature of the Roman Republic made up
mostly of patricians
404.
Senate
Consisted of 600 magistrates in an "advisory
capacity." Controlled all finances, foreign
affairs, and state affairs.
405.
Senate
The most important and most powerful body
of the Roman Republic
406.
senate
very afraid of military and j caesar
407.
senate
300 men, served for life, aristocrats,
hereditary postions, advise magistrates, met
continuously to strengthen power and
influence
Senatorial
province
This type of province was ruled by
proconsuls and propraetors and reported still
to the Senate.
Senatorial,
equestrian,
lower class
The names of the three classes of citizens
formed when Augustus came into power.
Senatus
Consultum
"Consultation of the senate" These would be
handed down by the Senate to their
magistrates. They were meant to be simply
advisory, however they were always followed
strictly by the magistrates who carried them
out. The real power of the Senate lay in these
orders.
399.
400.
401.
402.
408.
409.
410.
411.
Seneca
Famous Roman Stoic, tutor to Emperor Nero,
saw Stoicism as solution to Roman moral
decline
412.
Seneca
A "silver age" writer who tutored Nero, this man
was a staunch Stoic who lived hypocritcally
while amassing a fortune.
413.
Septuagint
translation of the Hebrew Bible into Greek
414.
Sequana
modern Seine, principle river of N France
Sermon on
the Mount
In this speech, Jesus laid out his ideas for
ethical actions - humility, charity and brotherly
love.
415.
416.
Servius
Tullius
The 6th king of Rome. He built a huge wall to
defend Rome from rival city-states. He also
reorganized the army but was killed by his own
son who pushed him down the stairs in front of
a chariot.
Severus
This emperor was born in North Africa and
advised his sons to "live in harmony and make
the soldiers rich".
slaves
no rights, usually prisoners of war
Social
Wars
wars between Rome and her allies which Rome
won but granted the allies their citizenship
420.
Spartacus
slave, trained as a gladiator, who led a rebellion
against the roman army for slave freedom- he
was killed after two years
421.
spartacus
slave in southern italy, led 7000 slaves in a
revolt, defeated by roman military and put to
death
422.
SPQR
Stands for "Senatus Populus Que Romanus" and
translates to the Senate and the People of Rome.
The symbol was found emblazoned on army
standards, public buildings and various other
institutions of Rome.
417.
418.
419.
423.
SPQR
Senate and People of Rome - motto of the
Roman Republic
428.
Sulla
general appointed by the Senate when war
broke out in Asia Minor in 88 BC. Fought for
Senate against Marius and the Tribal Assembly
in the First Roman civil war. Declared himself
dictator and reorganized Roman government to
all but eliminate the power of the Tribal
Assembly.
429.
Sulla
General, commander of war in Asia Minor,
Plebians tried to transfer power to Marius,
Sulla marches on Rome and later wins civil
war killing the opposition
430.
sulla
senate, supports the senators and uses the
army to take control of the government
431.
synagogues
centers of Jewish worship
432.
Tacitus
Roman historian who favored the old republic
over life under the self-centered emperors,
wrote Annals
433.
Tacitus
This great historian of the "silver age" believed
that history needed to record events accurately.
One of his works is Germania.
Tarquin
the Proud
according to legend, the seventh and last
Etruscan king of Rome who was expelled for
his cruelty and his sons rape of Lucretia
Tarquinius
Superbus
According to legend, the seventh and last
Etruscan king of Rome who was expelled for
his cruelty (reigned from 534 to 510 BC) It was
a member of his family who was instrumental
in the rape of Lucretia and this led to the
expulsion of the entire family and the removal
of the last king.
terence
born in carthage, came to rome as a slave,
greek new comedy, wrote for aristocracies
Teutoburg
Forest
This was the site of a massacre of 3 Roman
legions by Germans, led by an ex-Roman
named Arminius.
the 12
tables
Roman laws, written law code, patricians
engraved on bronze tablets and put them in the
Forum, became the basis for all future Roman
laws, established the principle that all free
citizens had a right to the law's protection
The Art of
Love
This work by Ovid tells a boy how to get a girl,
including being sure he doesn't have any hair
growing out of his nostrils.
The
Romans
Conquerors of the Celts
The Silk
Road
One of the most famous roads of its day, this
ran from Luoyang in China to the Euphrates
River in the Roman Empire.
Theodosius
I
Roman emperor who made Christianity the
official and exclusive religion of the Roman
state
434.
435.
436.
437.
438.
424.
Stephen
the first Christian to die because of his Christian
identity
425.
Stoicism
the philosophy that thinks that the highest good
is the pursuit of the virtues of courage, dignity,
duty, simplicity of life, and service to fellow
men.
439.
sulla, grachhi bros, marius- adressed the
problems of the expansion
440.
426.
427.
strongmen
Struggle of
the Orders
struggle between patricians and plebeians over
rights which the plebs eventually won thus
creating an aristocracy based on wealth not
birth
441.
442.
They were
an
important
part of
which
cultures?
Ancient greek, celtic, roman
Tiber
River
river that Rome was founded upon
445.
Tiberius
First Julio-Claudian ruler. He tried to work with
the Senate.
446.
Tiberius
The emperor of Rome during the life of Jesus
447.
tiberius g.
gave land to war veterans
Tiberius
Gracchus
Grandson of General Scipio, Elected tribune, he
proposed law to take land back from Senators
and give it to the landless, but killed by senators
b/c his law would have destroyed patronage
443.
444.
448.
449.
450.
Tiberius
Gracchus
championed the cause of the poor, tried to reform
Rome's land policy to be more fair for the poor
Titus
Roman emperor when Jerusalem was destroyed
in AD 70
Titus
Labienus
Caesar's right hand man and most trusted
lieutenant in the Gallic War. During the Civil
War, however, he fought against Caesar and
was killed at Munda.
Titus
Pullo and
Lucius
Cotta
Lieutenants of Caesar who were killed in
ambush during the revolt of the Gauls under
Ambiorix
453.
Torc
a piece of jewelry signifying wealth or power
454.
Trade
Roman roads were used in more settled areas for
this enterprise.
451.
452.
455.
Trajan
Second "good" emperor - he was born in Spain
and annexed Romania (Dacia), Mesopotamia
and the Sinai.
Tribal
Assembly
another name for the plebeian assembly in Rome
457.
tribe
a number of clans united by common beliefs and
living in a particular region
458.
Tribes
Celtic social structures
459.
Tribune
(10) Protected the rights of the plebeians and
were sacrosanct. Could veto any act of any
magistrate in the name of protection.
456.
460.
Tribune
In ancient Rome, an official elected by the
plebeians to protect their rights. The position
was created after the struggle of the orders and
was vitally important in protecting the rights of
the plebeians against the far more powerful
Patricians. Each of these 10 men had the power
of Veto against laws passed by higher
magistrates.
461.
tribune
an official elected by the plebeians to
protect their rights and was given the
power to veto the laws of the Senate
462.
tribune
ten men, elected by the Council of
Plebeians, who protected the rights and
interests of the common people
tribune of
plebes
power to protect plebians against arrest by
patrician magistrates
464.
triumph
ancient celebration that gave honor to a
victorious general
465.
triumvirate
rule of three men
466.
Twelve Tables
inscription of laws that were placed in the
Forum that guaranteed personal rights of
citizens
467.
Twelve Tables
Twelve laws that would give some rights to
the Plebeians. These laws were written
down so no once could change them and
were the first written law code of Ancient
Rome.
468.
twelve tables
first written form of roman law
469.
Ulpian
This famous jurist taught that all men are
created equal under the law, all men are
innocent until proven guilty and a man
should be able to defend himself to a judge.
470.
Unemployment
Owning slaves was so popular that it took
many jobs from the lower classes, creating
a large amount of this problem.
471.
Vandals
a Germanic tribe that established a
kingdom in North Africa, raided and
pillaged Rome
472.
Varus
The name of the Roman general who led 3
legions to their death in Germany in 9 AD.
473.
Vercingetorix
Gallic leader of a united Gaul against
Ceasar who was defeated at Alesia and
suffocated after Ceasar's triumph
474.
Vercingetorix
chief of the Arvernians
He united all the Gauls against Caesar in
the last campaign of the Gallic war
He was finally defeated and captured at
Alesia. Regarded as the first national hero
of France
475.
Vespasian
This man was first Flavian ruler. He was
also the first to be from outside Rome.
476.
Veto
The power or right to prohibit or reject a
proposed or intended act. This could be
used by Consuls and also Tribunes. It was
the use of this power that brought the
massive failures of the Roman republican
system into the public eye with the
Tribunate of Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus.
463.
477.
Veto!
A way for tribunes to stop unjust acts of
patrician officials
478.
Virgil
This poet, patronized by Augustus, wrote
Rome's national history epic to immortalize
his ruler's link to the gods.
479.
Virgil
the "Homer of Rome," wrote Aeneid
480.
Virtus
Being a Roman man. This included such
aspects as courage, bravery in battle and also
in the face of death. It was a Roman belief
that all men could obtain this if they served
their country bravely, even Gladiators could
obtain this in the arena if they fought well.
Many believed that this also stemmed from
the actions of your ancestors.
481.
482.
483.
484.
485.
486.
487.
488.
489.
Visigoths
Germanic tribe that was forced into the
Roman Empire by the Huns, fought the battle
of Adrianople against the Romans
waht celtic
godesses
were
worshipped
in these
ceremonies?
nemetona - a celtic goddess
What 'age'
did the celts
originate
in?"
iron age. originated in Europe and spread to
Britain in the 1st half of the 1st milennium
BC.
What are
sacred
groves?
an area of trees which has great religious
importance to a particular culture.
What are the
six celtic
nations that
we have
today?
Ireland, scotland, wales, cornwall, the Isle
of man and Brittany
What did
Cartimandua
do to
Caratacus?
handed him over to the Roman troops
what did
celts use
metals for?
created weapons and jewellery for
international trade, especially with the
romans
what did
druids do?
they were the priests of the celtic religion.
they performed rituals, ceremonies etc. they
served as religious officiants, judges,
teachers and lore-keepers.
What did
Prasutagus
state in his
will?
for the emperor to be co-heir
490.
491.
492.
493.
494.
495.
496.
497.
498.
499.
500.
501.
502.
503.
504.
505.
What did the celts use
sacred groves for?
for performing rituals such as
animal and human sacrifices,
and other rituals based on celtic
mythology.
What did the
Regnenses received
recieve besides a new
king?
also a new capital town
Noviomagus
What did the Roman
actions cause?
a rebellion in A.D. 60
What did the Romans
leave behind after
pacifying an area?
a colonia
what do trade routes
have to do with bogs?
large prehistoric routes crossing
bogs in Ireland and Germany
What does the term
celts refer to?
a cultural group of tribes, and
their language, social
organisation, artefacts,
mythology, culture
What finally happened
to Boudica?
she poisoned herself
What happened to
Cogidubnus and his
tribe after the invasion
in A.D. 43?
The Romans appointed him King
of his tribe which the renamed
the Regnenses
What happened to
Prasutagus' family?
Boudica was flogged and her
daughters were raped
what metals could be
found in the celt
territory?
tin lead iron silver and gold
What one right did
Boudica have, that no
Roman woman had
ever enjoyed?
she led her troops into battle
What tribe
Cogidubnus' family
originally rule?
The Atrebates
What type of clothing
did they have?
wool or linen, silk if rich
What were celtic gods
commonly associated
with/named after?
natural features, such as the
goddess of the river Boyne
What were the sacred
groves used by thte
Celts called?
"nemeton"
Which countries had
sacred groves?
France, england, northern
ireland, india, japan, west africa,
germany, switzerland, czech
republic, hungary
Which culture was the first culture
commonly accepted as celtic?
Central European Halstaff culture (800-450 BC)
507.
Who oversaw celtic rituals?
Druids, who were like the priests
508.
Who were the Iceni and Prasutagus?
Iceni: a tribe to the East who were friendly to the Romans at first
Prasutagus: king of the Iceni
509.
Who won the battles?
Suetonius Paulinus
510.
Zealots
The Jewish group that were radical militants who wanted to violently overthrow
Roman rule. To them, Jesus was a disappointment.
511.
Zeus
Jupiter or Jove
506.