Sociology L3
Final Exam Study Guide
1. The final exam is scheduled for
2. You must return ALL assigned books before the exam. You can return your books any time before your
exam period. If you do not, you will be charged the cost of the text.
3. If you are unable to take the exam at the assigned time due to an illness, a parent must call the main office
that day to report the illness. Only students with excused absences will be allowed to make up the exam. If
you miss the exam, please see me or contact me as soon as possible. (esimcik@swindsor.k12.ct.us)
4. Your final exam is worth 20% of the course grade.
5. The exam covers ALL units and material that we covered this past semester. A good study strategy includes
reviewing notes, note cards, assignments and readings.
6. The following outline of the course is intended to be helpful when studying for the exam. Please be aware
that the vocabulary lists reflect those bold terms from the text, but other sociological terms are often used in
question phrasing, so please have presence of mind to note additional terms from the readings that you may
not be familiar.
I.
The Sociological Perspective& Research Methods
a. Sociological perspective
b. Sociology and other Sciences
c. The Origins of Sociology
i. People to know: Auguste Comte, Herbert Spencer, Karl Marx, Emile Durkheim, Max Weber,
Jane Addams, W.E.B. Du Bois
d. Theoretical Perspectives in Sociology
i. Symbolic Interactionism
ii. Functional Analysis
iii. Conflict Theory
e. Vocabulary:
Sociological perspective
Replication
Society
Verstehen
Social location
Subjective meaning
Sociology
Social facts
Generalization
Applied sociology
Patterns
Theory
Common sense
Symbolic interactionism
The scientific method
Functional analysis
Positivism
Conflict theory
Sociology
Bourgeoisie
Class conflict
Proletariat
Social integration
Authority
Anomie
Social interaction
Value free
Nonverbal interaction
Values
Globalization
Objectivity
Globalization of capitalism
II.
III.
Culture
a. What is Culture?
b. Components of Symbolic Culture
i. Gestures
ii. Language
iii. Values, Norms, and Sanctions
c. Subcultures and Countercultures
d. Values in U.S. Society
i. Value clusters
ii. Value contradictions and social change
iii. Emerging values
iv. Culture wars
v. “ideal” values versus “real” values
e. Cultural Universals
f. Technology in the Global Village
i. Cultural lag and cultural change
ii. Technology and cultural leveling
g. Vocabulary:
Culture
Material culture
Nonmaterial culture
Cultural shock
Ethnocentrism
Cultural relativism
Symbolic culture
Symbol
Gestures
Language
Values
Norms
Sanctions
Positive sanction
Negative sanction
Socialization and Social Institutions
a. Socialization
i. What is Human Nature?
ii. Socialization into Gender
1. Gender messages in the Family
2. Gender messages in the Mass Media
iii. Agents of Socialization
1. Family
2. Neighborhood
3. Religion
4. Day care
5. School
6. Peer groups
7. Sports
8. The workplace
iv. Resocialization
Taboo
Subculture
Counter culture
Pluralistic society
Value cluster
Value contradiction
Ideal culture
Real culture
Cultural universal
Sociobiological
Technology
New technology
Cultural lag
Cultural diffusion
Cultural leveling
1. Total institutions & institutions
v. Socialization through Life Course
1. Childhood
2. Adolescence
3. Young Adulthood
4. The Middle Years
5. The Older years
6. Significance of Life Course
vi. Vocabulary:
Social environment
Agents of socialization
Feral children
Peer group
Socialization
Anticipatory socialization
Self
Resocialization
Gender socialization
Total institution
Gender role
Degradation ceremony
Mass media
Life course
Social inequality
b. The Family
i. Marriage and Family in Global Perspective
ii. Marriage and Family in Theoretical Perspective
iii. Family Life Cycle
iv. Diversity in U.S. Families
v. Trends in U.S. Families
vi. Divorce and Remarriage
vii. Sociological Models of Functionalist, Symbolic Interactionism and Conflict Perspectives
viii. Vocabulary:
Polygyny
Patriarchy
Polyandry
Matriarchy
Family
egalitarian
Household
Romantic love
Nuclear family
Homogamy
Extended family
Empty nest
Marriage
Blended family
Edogamy
Cohabitation
Exogamy
Serial fatherhood
Incest taboo
incest
c. Education
i. Development of modern education
ii. Education in the Global perspective
iii. Sociological Models Functionalist, Symbolic Interactionism and Conflict Perspectives
iv. The problem of U.S. Education system
v. Vocabulary
Education
Gatekeeping
Mandatory education
Tracking
laws
Social placement
Manifest functions
Hidden curriculum
Latent functions
Correspondence principle
Credential society
Self-fulfilling prophecy
Cultural transmission
Mainstreaming
IV.
Social Inequalities
a. Social Class in the United States
i. Sociological Models Functionalist, Symbolic Interactionism and Conflict Perspectives
ii. Consequences of Social Class
1. Physical health
2. Mental health
3. Family life
4. Education
5. Religion
6. Politics
7. Crime
8. Digital divide
iii. Social Mobility
1. Three types: intergenerational, structural and exchange
iv. Poverty
1. The poverty line
2. Who are the poor
3. Children of poverty
4. Dynamics of poverty
5. Why are people poor?
6. Welfare reform
7. Deferred gratification
8. Horatio Alger Myth
v. Vocabulary:
Social class
Downward social
mobility
Wealth
Structural mobility
Power
Exchange mobility
Power elite
Poverty
Prestige
Poverty line
Status
Feminization of poverty
Underclass
Upward social mobility
b. Sex and Gender
i. Difference between sex and gender
ii. Gender inequality in a global perspective
1. Sex Typing of Work
2. Prestige of work
3. Global Discrimination
a. Female circumcision
iii. How Females became a Minority Group/Patriarchy
iv. Gender inequality in the United States
1. Rise of Feminism
2. Affect of sexism
3. Gender inequality in education
4. Gender inequality in everyday life
v. Gender Inequality in the Workplace
1. Pay gap
2. Glass ceiling & glass escalator
3. The “mommy track”
4. Sexual harassment
5. Military
vi. Gender and violence
vii. Gender and Politics
viii. Vocabulary:
Gender stratification
Sex
Gender
Patriarchy
Matriarchy
c. Race and Ethnicity
i. Sociological Foundation
1. Race: Myth and Reality
2. Ethnic Groups
3. Minority Groups
4. How people construct their racial-ethnic identity
5. Prejudice and discrimination
ii. Theories of prejudice
1. Psychological perspectives
2. Sociological perspectives
iii. Race and Ethnic Relations in the United States
1. White Europeans
2. Latinos
3. African Americans
4. Asian Americans
5. Native Americans
iv. Affirmative Action
v. White Privilege
vi. Vocabulary:
Race
Ethnic and ethnicity
Minority group
Dominant group
Ethnic work
Melting pot
Discrimination
Sex typing
Minority group
Feminism
Sexual harassment
Racism
Prejudice
Individual discrimination
Institutional
discrimination
Segregation
V.
Deviance and Social Control
a. What is Deviance?
b. Symbolic Interactionist Perspective
i. Differential Association Theory
ii. Control Theory
iii. Labeling Theory
c. Functionalist Perspective
i. Strain Theory
d. Conflict Perspective
e. Class, Crime, and Criminal Justice System
i. Power and inequality
f. Reactions to Deviance
i. Street crime v. white collar crime
ii. Purpose of prison – reform or punishment
iii. Unintended consequences
iv. Vocabulary:
Deviance
Crime
Stigma
Social order
Social control
Negative sanction
Positive sanction
Degradation ceremonies
Genetic predispositions
Street crime
Personality disorders
Differential association
Control theory
Labeling theory
Techniques of
neutralization
Cultural goals
Institutionalized means
Strain theory
Illegitimate opportunity
structures
White-collar crime
Criminal justice system
Capitalist crime
Working class
Marginal working class
Recidivism rate
Capital punishment
Hate crime
Police discretion
Medicalilization of
deviance