GEOGRAPHY
&
HISTORY
1º DE E.S.O
IES FERNANDO III
CENTRO BILINGÜE
GEOGRAPHY AND HISTORY
UNIT 5: Prehistoric Life
UNIT 5: PREHISTORIC TIMES
OUTLINE
1 - PREHISTORY
 DEFINITION
 ACTIVITIES
ASPECTOS LINGÜÍSTICOS




2 - THE RISE AND EVOLUTION OF
HUMANS
 THE SEQUENCE OF
HOMINIZATION
PRESENT SIMPLE
PRESENTE CONTINUO
IMPERATIVE
LOS PASADOS
TO BE
THERE WAS
THERE WERE.
PHONETICS
3 – LIFE IN THE OLD STONE AGE OR
PALEOLITHIC ERA

 CHARACTERISTICS
 BELIEFS
TODAS LAS VOCALES
4 – LIFE IN THE NEW STONE AGE OR
THE NEOLITHIC REVOLUTION
 THE NEOLITHIC REVOLUTION
 CHARACTERISTICS
- DIVISION OF LABOUR
- AGRICULTURE
AND
LIVESTOCK BREEDING
 BELIEFS
VOCABULARY















AGE(S)
AGRICULTURE
BONES
BRONZE
COPPER
DIVISION OF LABOUR
HUNTING AND
GATHERING
IRON
LIVESTOCK BREEDING
PREHISTORY
RISE / ARISE
STONE
TOOL
WARRIOR
WRITING
5 – LIFE IN THE METAL AGE
 THE COPPER, BRONZE, AND
IRON AGES
 CHANGES IN THE DIVISION OF
LABOUR
 EMERGENCE OF WARRIORS
6 - VOCABULARY
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39
GEOGRAPHY AND HISTORY
UNIT 5: Prehistoric Life
1 - PREHISTORY

Definition
- Prehistory is a long period of human
history. It was the time before written history,
beginning with the first human beings up to the
emergence of writing. Archaeologists study this
period.
- Prehistory is divided in two times or ages:
1. Stone Age:
- Paleolithic
- Neolithic (agriculture, livestock breeding...)
2. Metal Age.
- Copper Age
- Bronze Age
- Iron Age
Image from: http://features.cgsociety.org/newgallerycrits/g55/114855/
114855_1190461843_large.jpg
 Activities:
- Answer these questions.
 What is the Prehistory? :
 Which parts is the Prehistory divided into? :
 How many parts does the Stone Age have? List their names:
 How many parts does the Metal Age have? List their names:
2 – THE RISE AND EVOLUTION OF HUMANS
- Humans and primates have common ancestors. Humans are descendents from other Hominids.
This process is called Evolution. The sequence of hominization is:
- Austrolopithecus (from 5
millions to 1 million years B.P.)
- Homo Habilis (from 2.5 millions
to 1.6 millions years B.P.)
- Homo Erectus (from 1.5 millions
to 0.3 million years B.P.)
- Homo Antecessor (800.000
years B.P.)
- Homo Neanderthalensis (from
130.000 to 35.000 years B.P.)
- Homo Sapiens Sapiens (from to
40.000 years B.P.)
Image from: http://tice.wikispaces.com/file/view/foto_prehistoria_4.jpg
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GEOGRAPHY AND HISTORY
UNIT 5: Prehistoric Life

Activities:
- Is this sentence true?: 'man descended from the apes.' Why?
- Put this sequence in order (write first, second, third, fourth, fifth in their correct places)
Homo Antecessor……………………………………
Homo Neanderthalensis ……………………………
Austrolopithecus……………………………………..
Homo Sapiens Sapiens……………………………..
Homo Habilis………………………………………….
3 – LIFE IN THE OLD STONE AGE OR PALEOLITHIC ERA
Image from: http://worcestershire.whub.org.uk/home/wcc-arch-agg-egal-p2-02.jpg
- The first Homo Sapiens Sapiens
lived in groups. They made tools
from stones and bones, and
controlled the use of fire.
- In that time the climate was
cold. Humans survived by hunting
animals, fishing and gathering
plants, fruits and seeds.
- They were nomads, and
survived by following and hunting
animals. They lived outdoors, in
caves or camps with cabins made
of branches, leaves, animal hides
and bones.
- The groups had a chief (the strongest man). The men hunted and made tools. The women gathered food,
looked after the children and the fire, and made clothing with hides.
- They believed that the forces of nature (lightening, storms, the Sun...) were living beings. They painted
drawings of animals in their caves (cave paintings).
 Activities:
- Classify these Paleolithic tools by their use: for hunting, for fishing, for making clothes:
Images from: http://www.muzarp.poznan.pl/archweb/gazociag/grafika/4/07_s.jpg---http://www.linternaute.com/nantes/magazine/histoire/photo/traceshumaines/images/biface-g.jpg---http://muzeumwolin.pl/angielska/harpun.jpg--http://archaeology.jp/sites/2008/taro/06s.jpg---http://www.wsu.edu/~rquinlan/mptoup_files/image016.jpg---http://www.nma.gov.au/collections-search/media?irn=16651&image=yes&size=med
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GEOGRAPHY AND HISTORY
UNIT 5: Prehistoric Life
- What are the tools made of? Classify them: of stone; of animal horn or wood; of bone
- Look at the photo and answer these questions
 What animal is represented in the painting?
 What are the predominant colours?
 In which era or age was it painted?
 What is this type of painting called?
 Why?
4 –LIFE IN THE NEW STONE AGE OR THE NEOLITHIC
REVOLUTION
- The Neolithic period began around 7.000 B.C. and
continued until 3.500 B.C. when writing developed.
- In those times the climate changed and it was warmer.
People discovered agriculture and livestock breeding
(domesticating plants and animals).
- People became sedentary and made the first stable
villages. Those villages had houses made with walls of mud
and roofs of branches.
- Some people worked in agriculture, others worked in
livestock breeding, others hunted, others protected the
village, and others made houses, fabrics, ceramics and
baskets... This social organization is known as the 'division
of labour'. Some historians think it was women who
developed these new agricultural techniques, animal
domestication, and weaving and textile techniques.
Image from: http://www.gallica.co.uk/celts/farming/farming.jpg
- They believed in spirits and worshipped the dead. They decorated ceramics with geometric drawings and
made images of idols using stones or bones. Sometimes they painted stylized drawings on outdoor walls.
Those drawings represented hunting, gathering food and dance scenes.
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GEOGRAPHY AND HISTORY
UNIT 5: Prehistoric Life

Activities:
- Answer these question:
 When did the Neolithic Revolution begin?
 During the Paleolithic Era, people were nomads. What were they during the Neolithic Era?
 What four activities did people do during the Neolithic Era?
5 –LIFE IN THE METAL AGE
Image from: http://normanyoung.net/images/reconstructions/killerton_iron_age.jpg
- The Metal Age began at the end of Neolithic period. This period
was divided into three periods: the Copper Age, the Bronze Age
and the Iron Age. These three ages began at different times and
developed at different rates across the world.
- Metallurgical techniques developed in this period. People made
tools with different metals: copper, bronze (mixing copper and
tin), and iron. People worked in agriculture and livestock breeding
and lived in permanent villages. The market developed in this
period too.
- There was a more specialized 'division of labour' than in the
Neolithic age. A lot of men were warriors and developed warlike
activities. Because of this, the women’s role shifted to the
background.
- They adored the forces of nature and held ceremonies in sacred places (rivers, lakes, caves...). They built
big stone monuments with large pieces of stone, known as megalithic buildings, structures, or constructions.
These structures are called Menhirs, Dolmens and Cromlechs. They were used as tombs or sanctuaries.
Stonehenge is a famous cromlech in England.
 Activities:
- Read the questions. Choose the correct answer.
 When did the Metal Ages begin?: a) around 8.000 BC b) around 5.000 BC c) around 6.000 BC
 Which was the first metal to appear during the Metal Age? a) bronze b) copper c) iron
 What is bronze made of? a) copper + iron b) copper + tin c) gold + tin
- Look at the pictures. Write the names of these megalithic buildings.
Images from: http://www.arteespana.com/imagenes/dolmen2.jpg ---http://photos.igougo.com/images/p61771-Dartmoor_England-Menhir.jpg---http://desdelesperpento.files.wordpress.com/2008/03/sw_stonehenge_nick_white.jpg
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GEOGRAPHY AND HISTORY
UNIT 5: Prehistoric Life
5 - VOCABULARY
ENGLISH
PRONUNCIATION
SPANISH
Adored verbo (past tense)
/ə'dɔ:rd /
Adorar
Age(s) sustantivo
/eɪdʒ/
Edad(es)
Agriculture sust.
/'ægrɪkʌltʃər /
Agricultura
Ancestor sust.
/'ænsestər /
Antepasado
Animal hide sust.
/'ænəməl //haɪd/
Piel
Archaeologist sust.
/'ɑ:rki'ɑ:lədʒəst /
Arqueólogo
Bones sust.
/bəʊns/
Huesos
Branch sust.
/bræntʃ /
Rama
Bronze sust.
/brɑ:nz /
Bronce
Ceremonies sust.
/'serəməʊnis /
Ceremonias
Chief sust.
/tʃi:f/
Jefe
Common adjetivo
/'kɑ:mən /
Común
Controlled the use of fire
Copper sust.
/kən'trəʊld/. . ./faɪr /
Dominar el fuego
/'kɑ:pər /
Cobre
Decorated verbo (past tense)
/'dekəreɪted/
Decorar
Descended adj.
/dɪ'sendəd /
Descendiente
Divide (verbo)
/də'vaɪd /
Dividir
Division of labour
Domesticate verbo
/də'vɪʒən / /ɑ:v / /'leɪbər /
División del trabajo
/də'mestɪkeɪt/
Domesticar
Emergence sust.
/ɪ'mɜ:dʒəns/
Aparición
Evolution sust.
/'evə'lu:ʃən /
Evolución
Fishing sust.
/'fɪʃɪŋ/
Pesca
Forces of Nature
Gathering sust.
/fɔ:rses / /ɑ:v / /'neɪtʃər /
Fuerzas de la naturaleza
/'gæðərɪŋ/
Recoleción
Groups sust.
/gru:ps/
Grupos
Hominization sust.
/ hämənəzāshən /
Hominización
Hunting and Gathering sust.
/'hʌntɪŋ/ /'gæðərɪŋ/
Caza y recollection
Inhabited verbo (past)
/ɪn'hæbəted /
Habitar
Iron sust.
/'aɪərn /
Hierro
Leaves sust.
/li:vz/
Hojas
Livestock Breeding sust.
/'laɪvstɑ:k / /'bri:dɪŋ/
Ganadería
Market sust.
/'mɑ:rkət /
Mercado
Metal sust.
/'metəl/
Metal
Monument sust.
/'mɒnjʊmənt/
Monumento
Neolithic sust.
/nēəlithik/
Neolítico
Nomad sust.
/'nəʊmæd/
Nómada
Outdoors adverbio
/'aʊt'dɔ:rz /
Al aire libre
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GEOGRAPHY AND HISTORY
UNIT 5: Prehistoric Life
Paleolithic sust.
/ palēəlithik /
Paleolítica
Primate sust.
/'praɪmeɪt/
Primate
Prehistory sust.
/ prēhistərē /
Rise sust./ Arise verbo
/raɪz/
Sacred adj.
/'seɪkrəd /
Prehistoria
El nacimiento;
Surgir/Aparecer
Sagrado
Sedentary adj.
/'sedəntrɪ/
Sedentario
“Shifted into the background”
Spirits sust.
/ʃɪfted/
“Pasó a un segundo plano…”
/'spɪrɪts/
Espíritus
Stable adj.
/'steɪbəl/
Estable
Stone sust.
/stəʊn/
Piedra
Strongest adjetivo
/'strɒŋgɪst/
Más fuerte
Techniques sust.
/tek'ni:ks/
Técnicas
Textile and Weaving sust.
/'tekstaɪl/. . ./'wi:vɪŋ/
Textil y tejido
Tool sust.
/tu:l/
Herramienta
Village sust.
/'vɪlɪdʒ/
Aldea
Warrior sust.
/'wɔ:rjər /
Guerrero
Warlike adjetivo
/'wɔ:rlaɪk /
Guerrero
Worshipped verbo (past)
/'wɜ:rʃəpd /
Adorar; Venerar
Writing sust.
/'raɪtɪŋ/
Escritura
Written past participle
/'rɪtn̩/
Escrito
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