Biology 9 Study Guide
Body Organization and Homeostasis
Reading:
• Goodenough et al., “Human Biology”, Chapter 4
Key Terms
tissue
organ
organ system
epithelial tissue
connective tissue
muscle tissue
nervous tissue
squamous
cuboidal
columnar
simple
stratified
psuedostratified
columnar
glandular epithelia
exocrine gland
endocrine gland
basement membrane
elastic fibers
collagen fibers
reticular fibers
matrix
ground substance
blood
lymph
cartilage
bone
muscle fibers
skeletal muscle
smooth muscle
cardiac muscle
nerve cell or neuron
neuroglia or glial cells
tight junctions
adhesive junctions
gap junctions
thoracic cavity
abdominal cavity
dorsal cavity
ventral cavity
cranial cavity
spinal cavity
mucous membrane
serous membrane
synovial membrane
cutaneous membrane
meninges
homeostasis
negative feedback
positive feedback
integument
epidermis
dermis
hypodermis or
subcutaneous layer
melanocyte
melanin
keratinocyte
keratin
hair follicles
sweat gland
sebaceous or oil gland
nail
anterior/posterior
ventral/dorsal
proximal/distal
medial/lateral
superficial/deep
superior/inferior
Study Objectives
• List the four major types of tissues found in the body.
• Define a tissue, organ, and organ system.
• Describe the different types of epithelial tissue and be able to give an example of their location, structure, and
function.
• Describe the different types of connective tissue and be able to give an example of their location, structure, and
function.
• Describe the characteristics of each of the three types of muscle tissue. Know their locations and functions.
• Describe the function of nerve tissue, the general structure of a neuron, and role of glia.
• Compare the structure of the three types of junctions between cells.
• Identify the major body cavities and the organs they house.
• Be able to define and use the terms that describe body position and location.
• Describe the different types of body or tissue membranes.
• Know the difference between the plasma membrane, basement membrane, and tissues or body membranes.
• List each of the organ systems of the body and recognize their general functions.
• What are the functions of the integumentary system?
• Describe the structure and function of the regions of the skin and its accessory organs.
• Explain the factors that affect skin color.
• Know why the outer most layers of the skin, nails, and hair consist of dead cells.
• Compare the types of glands found in the skin, their products, function, and location.
• What are two types of skin cancers and how can they be prevented?
• Give an example of how the integumentary system functions with other organ systems.
• Define homeostasis, describe how it is maintained, and explain its importance to life.
• Describe and give an example of a negative feedback system.
• Describe and given an example of a positive feedback system. Are they common in human biology? Why or
why not?