2015 AP Biology Big Daddy Test #2
(Plant Structure/Nutrition, Transport/Membrane, Water, Plant Transport, Thermoregulation)
Plant Nutrition (Chapter 37 – pgs.803-806)
o Know the macronutrients needed by a plant and the form that can be usable to plants (Table 37.1)
o Know the types of atoms found in each major macromolecule (Carbohydrates, Lipids, Nucleic Acids and Proteins)
o Be able to identify a structural diagram as a lipid, Carbohydrate, Nucleic Acid or Protein
o Know the major purpose of the following macronutrient or micronutrients (K+, Mg2+, Fe2+, Mn2+, Ca2+, and Cu2+,
SO42- , NO3-, H2PO4-)
o Know the major in’s and out’s of the plant (picture with notes)
Plant Structure and Growth (Chapter 35 – pgs. 756-765)
o Know the three basic organs of plants
o Know the three types of tissues in plants
o Be able to provide multiple examples of specialized cells within each tissue category and explain how they allow
the multicellular plant to survive.
o Be able to provide multiple evolutionary adaptations that have allowed plants to survive on land as opposed to in
water
o Be able to identify any type of tissue or cell on the cross section diagrams. Memorize this!!! You will be
responsible to identify specific cells and tissues in cross sections of plant organs. You will also be responsible to
explain the purpose/ function of each of the cells.
Water properties
o Be able to draw water molecules and show/explain what a hydrogen bond is
o Be able to compare/contrast cohesion, adhesion, capillary action and surface tension
o You should also be able to explain evaporation cooling and how it contributes to prevention of overheating in
animals and plants. ( I wonder where evaporative cooling takes place in a plant?) huh!
o Know the following terms -- solution, solvent, solute, aqueous solution
o Be able to explain why water is the universal solvent
o Be able to explain what happens to NaCl , C6H12O6 , or proteins in water. Be able to compare and contrast
dissociation, dissolve, and soluble.
o Be able to compare and contrast hydrophilic and hydrophobic
Water potential and Membranes (Chapter 7 -- pages 129 – 137)
Be able to explain why a phospholipid bilayer is semi-permeable and what type of “things” can easily travel through the
phospholipids
o Be able to compare and contrast the following types of transport -- diffusion, active transport, facilitated
diffusion, osmosis
o Be able to define the following terms – electrochemical gradient, passive transport, hypertonic, hypotonic,
isotonic, osmoregulation, turgid, flaccid, and plasmolysis
o Be able to explain how a proton pump sets up an electrochemical gradient and how this can be utilized for cotransport of negatively charged polyatomic ions and sucrose.
o Be able to explain what water potential is
o Be able to explain conceptually how solute concentration, solute ionization, temperature, and pressure affect
water potential. You should be able to explain these conceptually as well as mathematically.
o You should be able to apply your knowledge of the water potential equation to answer multiple types of
questions (plant cell in a beaker filled with solution ; animal cell filled in a beaker with solution ; application of
movement of water into a root and how water potential creates root pressure)
o You should able to explain the purpose of aquaporins and how they affect water transport
Regulation of the internal Environment --Thermoregulation (Chapter 40 – pgs 878-887)
o Be able to compare/contrast and ectotherm and endotherm and explain how they regulate body temperature.
o Provide multiple adaptations by birds and mammals that are utilized for thermal regulation
o Provide multiple behavioral adaptations utilized by amphibians and reptiles for thermal regulation
Labs
o Cellular respiration lab – you should know the basic set-up of a respirometer and explain how we calculated
respiration rate in the lab. You should be able to calculate corrected difference and explain why you had to
account for the change in the beads only respirometer. You should also be able to apply this knowledge to new
situations.
Transport in Plants (Chapter 36) -- pgs. 778-787
o You should be able draw and explain the types of proteins needed in the membrane of a root hair cell or root
cortex cell that allow it to actively transport polyatomic ions and minerals into the xylem. You should also be
able to explain the role of aquaporins in water transport into the xylem.
o You should be able to explain what happens to the pH of soil when proton pumps are functioning in the dermal
layer.
o You should be able to explain the purpose of the endodermal cells and Casparian strip
o
o You should be able to apply your knowledge of the water potential equation to the following . . .
1. concentration gradient in the root hair cells/cortex cells/endodermal cells and eventually the xylem.
(what part of the equation is being affected here?)
2. the development of root pressure (what part of the equation is changing here?)
That is all Folks!!!!!!!!!!
You will NOT be asked about the cohesion tension hypothesis (pages 788-792!!!!!) We will start this up next week. I
just thought that we were rushing it a little too much!!!!!
We will continue water movement through a plant next Monday and then complete some labs to help us synthesize
our knowledge!
Peace Out young folks!