Name __KEY__40 points__6 points; 1 point per page_____________________ Period _____
Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Study Guide
All vocab ¼ point each= 6 points
1.1 Energy for Life
1. Vocabulary to know:
A. ATP
B. Autotroph/ Producer
energy-carrying molecule that cells use to power their
metabolic processes
organism that makes its own food
C. Cellular Respiration
process in which cells break down glucose and make ATP for
energy
D. Energy
ability to do work
E. Glucose
simple carbohydrate with the chemical formula C6H12O6 that is
the nearly universal food for life
organism that consumes other organisms for food
process of using the energy in sunlight to make food (glucose)
F. Heterotroph/ Consumer
G. Photosynthesis
2. How do autotrophs and heterotrophs obtain their energy? 1/2 point
Auto make own food directly from sunlight
Hetero consume others for energy
Hetero depend on Auto
Hetero would die out without Auto
3. What is the ultimate source of all energy? ½ point
Sunlight
4. Recognize the components of an ADP and ATP molecule (refer to your packet). 1/2 point
Adenosine base, pentose sugar and the phosphate groups in the ATP molecule below.
Adenosine base
Phosphate groups:
ATP => 3 phosphate groups
ADP => 2 phosphate groups
Pentose sugar
5. Be able to explain how energy is released from ATP, what happens to release the energy? 1 point
Break chemical bond between 2 phosphate groups and reduce to ADP; released energy used for
biological processes of cells (active transport, movement within the cell)
6. Why do living things need both glucose and ATP as sources of energy? Explain in detail. 2 points
A molecule of glucose contains more chemical energy in a smaller ‘‘package” than a molecule of ATP.
Glucose is also more stable than ATP. Therefore, glucose is better for storing and transporting energy.
However, glucose is too powerful for cells to use. ATP, on the other hand, contains just the right
amount of energy to power life processes within cells. For these reasons, both glucose and ATP are
needed by living things.
7. Known the equations for both photosynthesis and cellular respiration.
3 points; equations 1/2 point each, other answers ½ point each
1. Photosynthesis:
enzymes, chlorophyll
Ruben-Kamen photosynthetic equation:
Organelle it happens in: __CHLOROPLASTS___
Stores energy Releases energy (Circle one)
2. Cellular Respiration:
C6H12O6 + 6O2 -------------- 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy
Organelle it happens in: __MITOCHONDRIA____
Stores energy Releases energy (Circle one)
8. Know how to read an equation and differentiate between reactants and products. No points
REACTANTS ----- PRODUCTS
1.2 Photosynthesis: Sugar as Food
9. Vocabulary to know:
H. Calvin cycle
(Light-Independent
Reactions)
second stage of photosynthesis in which carbon atoms from
carbon dioxide are combined, using the energy in ATP and
NADPH, to make glucose
I.
Chemosynthesis
process of using the energy in chemical compounds to make
food
J.
Chlorophyll
green pigment in a chloroplast that absorbs sunlight in the
light reactions of photosynthesis
K. Chloroplasts
Organelle in the cell in which the process of photosynthesis
takes place
L. Electron Transport Chain
series of electron-transport molecules that pass high-energy
electrons from molecule to molecule and capture their energy
first stage of photosynthesis in which light energy from the
sun is captured and changed into chemical energy that is
stored in ATP and NADPH
Pores on the surface of leaves that allow water to be released
during transpiration
M. Light-Dependent reactions
N. Stoma
O. Stroma
space outside the thylakoid membranes of a chloroplast
where the Calvin cycle of photosynthesis takes place
P. Thylakoid membrane
membrane in a chloroplast where the light reactions of
photosynthesis occur
10. What else does photosynthesis require other than water, carbon dioxide, and light? ½ point
Chlorophyll- pigment found in chloroplasts and enzymes
11. What does chlorophyll do? ½ point
Capture the sun’s energy
12. What wavelength colors does chlorophyll absorb and what wavelength colors does it reflect? ½ point
Red and blue absorbed; green reflected
13. What process takes place in the chloroplast? ½ point
Photosynthesis
14. Where do you find photosystems I & II? ½ point
In the thylakoid membrane; they resemble protein channels we studied in the cell membrane
15. What are the two stages of photosynthesis? ½ point
Light-dependent reactions & Calvin cycle
16. Where do the light-dependent reactions take place? ½ point
Thylakoids
17. Where do the light-independent reactions (Calvin cycle or Dark Reactions) take place? ½ point
Stroma
18. What is the energy source for the light-dependent reactions? The Calvin cycle? ½ point
Sunlight; ATP and/NADPH (optional)
19. Know all the reactants and products of the light-dependent reactions and the Calvin cycle (refer back
to your packet; page 3). 3 ½ points; 1/4 point each
Light –Dependent Reactions:
Energy Source:
_light______
Calvin Cycle:
Energy Source:
Reactants:
Reactants:
Products:
_H2O_____________
___ATP_________
__CO2____________
_NADP+__________
__NADPH_________
_ADP + P__________
__ATP____________
__O2____________
Products:
__Sugars__________
__NADPH________
__ NADP+_________
__ATP__________
__ ADP + P _______________
20. Know all the steps of the light-dependent reactions (refer to your packet; page 4).
BONUS QUESTION ON TEST>>> 2 points; ¼ point each
1. Pigments (chlorophyll) in PSII and PSI absorb light
2. Water molecule is split=> O, H+ ions, and 2 e3. H+ create electrochemical gradient
4. e- move from PSII to PSI along electron transport chain
5. NADP+ converted to NADPH
6. e- re-energized
7. ADP converted into ATP in ATP synthase
8. ATP and NADPH go to Calvin cycle as reactants to provide an energy source
21. Know the three main factors that can affect the rate of photosynthesis. ½ point
Intensity of light, temperature, amount of water
22. Know the energy sources for chemosynthesis. ½ point
Hydrogen sulfides, ammonia, and methane
1.3 Powering the Cell: Cellular Respiration
23. Vocabulary to know:
Q. Aerobic respiration
type of cellular respiration that requires oxygen
R. Anaerobic respiration
type of cellular respiration that does not require oxygen
S. Glycolysis
first stage of cellular respiration in which glucose is split, in
the absence of oxygen, to form two molecules of pyruvate
(pyruvic acid) and two (net) molecules of ATP
second stage of aerobic respiration in which two pyruvate
(pyruvic acid) molecules from the first stage react to form
ATP, NADH, and FADH2
series of electron-transport molecules that pass high-energy
electrons from molecule to molecule and capture their
energy
T. Krebs cycle (Citric Acid
cycle)
U. Electron Transport Chain
24. What is cellular respiration? What processes are involved? Which organelle does cellular respiration
take place in? 3 points
Process that releases energy by breaking down food molecules in the presence of oxygen.
Processes involved = glycolysis, krebs cycle, electron transport chain.
Mitochondria.
25. Understand that glycolysis begins the process of releasing energy from glucose. Where does it take
place? ½ point
Cytoplasm of the cell outside the mitochondria.
26. What is produced during glycolysis? Where does the product go after glycolysis? 1 point
Pyruvic acid; to the Krebs cycle in aerobic conditions/ to fermentation in anaerobic conditions.
27. What type of process is glycolysis: aerobic/ anaerobic? ½ point
Anaerobic.
28. What is the net gain of ATP molecules at the end of glycolysis? ½ point
2 ATP molecules net…
29. Where does the Krebs cycle take place in the mitochondria? ½ point
Matrix of the mitochondria
30. What is its other name for the Krebs cycle and why is it called this? 1 point
Citric Acid cycle b/c 1st product made during the Krebs cycle
31. How many ATP are produced in the Krebs cycle? What else is produced? 1 point
Each turn of the cyle = 1 ATP 5 pairs of high-energy electrons, 4 NADH, 1 FADH2
32. Where is the Electron Transport Chain in the mitochondria? ½ point
Inner membrane of the mitochondria
33. What does the Electron Transport Chain do in the cellular respiration process? ½ point
Converts ADP to ATP
34. How many ATP are produced during cellular respiration? 1 point
36 between Krebs and electron transport chain; 2 more net from glycolysis = 38 ATP
35. What types of organisms go through cellular respiration: eukaryoyes/ prokaryotes? ½ point
Both
36. Know which pathways of cellular respiration are aerobic? Which are anaerobic? 1 point
Aerobic= Krebs & Electron transport chain; anaerobic = glycolysis, alcoholic fermentation, and lactic
acid fermentation
1.4 Anaerobic Respiration
37. Vocabulary to know:
V. Alcoholic fermentation
W. Fermentation
X. Lactic Acid Fermentation
type of anaerobic respiration that includes glycolysis
followed by the conversion of pyruvic acid to ethanol and
carbon dioxide and the formation of NAD+
type of anaerobic respiration that includes glycolysis
followed by the conversion of pyruvic acid to one or more
other compounds and the formation of NAD+
type of anaerobic respiration that includes glycolysis
followed by the conversion of pyruvic acid to lactic acid and
the formation of NAD+
38. What does fermentation do? ½ point
It releases energy from food molecules in the absence of oxygen
39. What are the two main types of fermentation? ½ point
Alcoholic & Lactic Acid
pyruvic acid + NADH  ethyl alcohol + CO2 + NAD+
40. What types of organisms carry out alcoholic fermentation? ½ point
Yeast and other microorganisms(some bacteria)
41. What goes into alcoholic fermentation? From where? What are its products? ½ point
Pyruvic acid from glycolysis; Ethyl alcohol and carbon dioxide
pyruvic acid + NADH  lactic acid + NAD+
42. What types of organisms carry out lactic acid fermentation? ½ point
Bacteria in yogurt; humans in muscle cells
43. What does lactic acid fermentation produce? How is the excess gotten rid of? ½ point
Lactic acid build-up; by in-taking oxygen
44. What happens to muscles because of this lactic acid fermentation? ½ point
Lactic acid builds up and soreness and aches develop