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Enlightenment Study Guide
1.
What reflects the correct sequence of steps used in the scientific process?
observation, question, hypothesis, experimentation, conclusion
2.
What was Montesquieu’s influence on the U.S. Constitution?
branches of government
3.
How did the Baroque style and the neoclassical style differ?
Baroque was grand and ornate; neoclassical was simple and elegant.
4.
How were Thomas Hobbes and Catherine the Great similar?
Both believed that a monarch should have absolute authority.
5.
What was the law of universal gravitation?
All physical objects are affected equally by the same forces.
6.
The heliocentric, or sun-centered, theory was proposed by Nicolaus Copernicus.
7.
Isaac Newton explained the law of universal gravitation.
8.
In general, the philosophes believed in progress for society
9.
The philosophes influenced Catherine the Great’s proposal on reforms to Russia’s laws.
10.
Describe the neoclassical style of art.
It emphasized elegance and simplicity.
11.
How did the Scientific Revolution influence the American Revolution?
Questioning assumptions led to challenging ideas about government. (chart)
12.
The heliocentric theory challenged the geocentric theory. (chart)
13.
Define Salon.
A social gathering of intellectuals and artists, like those held in the homes of wealthy
women in Paris and other European cities during the Enlightenment.
14.
What regions of the world did the Enlightenment ideas spread?
through Europe and colonial America. (chart)
15.
Define geocentric theory.
In the Middle Ages, the earth-centered view of the universe in which scholars believed
that the earth was an immovable object located at the center of the universe.
16.
What ideas did the Enlightenment promote?
a belief in progress
a more secular outlook
faith in science
17.
In the 1700s, what would be a good example showing the influence of Enlightenment
ideas?
a woman reading a novel
a woman allowing her child to have a smallpox vaccination
a man attending a salon
18.
How did the Declaration of Independence embody Enlightenment ideals?
It said that people have rights of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.
19.
Describe neoclassical style of art – Change to give an example of a neoclassical style of
art.
a simple, elegant church
20.
List several results of the Scientific Revolution
improvements in medicine and scientific instruments