一、名词解释 15%
1. Gothic Novel
2. Sonnet
3. Historical Novel
4. Dramatic point of view
5. Regionalism
6. Epiphany
7. Imagery
8. Metaphor
9. Novel of soil
10. Bildungsroman
11. Round character
12. Epic
二、问答 15%
1. What are the differences between Chekov and Maupassant in their story writing?
2. What are factors that can build up a conflict in a story?
3. What are the features of pastoral elegy?
4. What are the relationships between different forms of literature in the way words are used?
5. Where to look for the theme of a novel?
三、选择题 30%
1. Classification of literature
2. Novel is the most open to all other genres. In novels, one finds elements of poetry, drama, and
films.
3. E. M. Foster: novel tells a story. Aspects of Novel
4. Henry James says in Art of Fiction that the only obligation to which in advance we may hold
a novel is that it be interesting.
5. A short novel is sometimes also called a novelette, it refers to a narrative midway in length
between a short story and a novel.
6. Examples of trilogy: John Dos Passos’ U. S. A (The 42nd Parallel, 1919, The Big Money);
Theodore Dreiser’s Trilogy of Desire: The Financier, The Titan, and The Stoic.
7. Tetralogy. Ford Maddox Ford’s Parade’s End (Some Do Not, No More Parades, A Man Could
Stand Up, and The Last Post)
8. Standards of the Classification of Novel: by subject matter, by technique, by length
9. Picaresque novel, definition, examples: Mark Twain’s The Adventure of Huckleberry Fin,
Daniel Defoe’s Moll Flanders. Henry Fielding’s Jonathan Wild.
10. Gothic Novel, definition, examples: Horace Walpole’s The Castle of Otranto; Bronte’ Jane
Eyre, Daphne Du Maurier’s Rebecca
11. Bildungsroman, example: Maugham’s Of Human Bondage; Samuel Butler’s The Way of all
Fleshes, Dickens’ Great Expectation
12. Kunstleroman, definition, example: James Joyce’s A Portrait of the Artist as a Youngman,
Doris Lessing’s The Golden Notebook
13. Psychological Novel: definition, examples: Crime and Punishment. The term was first applied
to a group of novelists in the middle 19th century, a group of which Mrs. Gaskell, George Eliot
and George Meredith were chief writers. Hardy and Conrad were also interested in picturering
the interior motives. Henry James was the father of psychological realism. Freudianism
particularly gave impetus to this type of the novel.
14. Sociological novel, definition, example: John Steinbeck: The Grapes of Wrath; Mrs. Stowe’s
Uncle Tom’s Cabin. Such novels are set out to call attention to certain social problems and
sometimes offer solutions. Utopian and dysutopian visions in fictional form might be included
in this category.
15. Proletariat Novel: Jack London’s Iron Heel; Mrs. Gaskell’s Mary Barton.
16. Novel’s of soil: definition, examples: Pearl Buck’s The Good Earth.
17. Epistolary Novel: definition, examples: Samuel Richardson’s Pamela; Goethe’s The Sorrows
of Young Werther; Pride and Prejudice, Color Purple
18. The Novel of Ideas: Orwell’s 1984; Sartre’s Age of Reason;
19. Roman a Clef: Virginia Woolf’s Orlando. Thomas Love Peacock’s Nightmare Abbey; James
Joyce’s Finnegans Wake.
20. Nonfictional novel: examples: Norman Mailer’s The Armies of the Night; Hemingway’s Death
in the Afternoon, Green Hills of Africa.
21. The Historical Novel, definition, Sir Walter Scott made popular of this literary forms:
Examples: James Fenimore Cooper: The Spy; Stephen Crane’s The Red Badge of Courage;
Melville’s Moby Dick;
22. Kinds of characters: heroes (Protagonist; antagonist); main characters; minor characters; foils.
Round character, flat character
Definition;
examples: Pablo in For Whom the Bell Toll’s is the main character; Cohn in The Sun Also Rises
is a foil that works by contrast; Wilson in The Great Gatsby is a foil and works by
strengthening; Most heroes are round character; main characters and minor characters are
always flat characters. Roger Chilingworth in The Scarlet Letter is a flat character. Catherine
in A Farewell to Arms is also a flat character.
23. Traditional plot comprise exposition, conflict, climax, denoument
24. Different ways of making a exposition
By relating an unusual or dramatic event: The Mayor of Casterbridge, Henchard selling his
wife;
By describing a meaningful scene
By setting up a contrast: Pride and Prejudice; The Scarlet Letter
25. The most noticeable and important characteristic is compactness. Poetic language is
multidimensional: intellectual dimension, emotional dimension, sensuous dimension,
and an imaginative dimension.
26. Misconceptions about poetry. What is poetic license, what is poetic justice
27. kinds of poetry, definitions, subdivisions and characteristics of each type of poetry:
ballad, lyric, narrative poem, epic, sonnet (Shakespearean sonnet or Elizabethan
sonnet, petrarchan sonnet, and Spenserian sonnet ，
their rhythm and rhyme
scheme), ode, elegy (example: elegy written in a country churchyard, Pastoral Elegy
and its characteristics, ); pastoral (meaning shepherds), blank verse, free verse
28. The first collection of poem in American literature is The Tenth Muse Lately Sprung
Up in America (Anne Bradstreet)
29. The first national epic in English literature is Beowulf
30. Elements of Poetry
a. Masculine rhyme, feminine rhyme, approximate rhyme（ alliteration, assonance,
consonance, half rhyme, eye rhyme） rhyme scheme,
b. Metrical rhythm (iambic pentameter and other types of metrical rhythm), the two
terms used to nark the metrical pattern and rhyme scheme are scansion and
caesura. To mark the stressed and unstressed syllables and rhyme scheme is
called to scan; “U” indicates unstressed, “/” indicates stressed syllables. A pause
in a line of verse dictated by sense or natural speech rhythm rather than by
metrics is called caesura.
c. Tone, examples explained in class
d. Image, imagery, different senses used to create images, the function of imager:
to create atmosphere, to provide an internal pattern, and to focus the theme of
the poem. “The Raven” p. 357
31. Poetic devices: definition and the examples discussed in class
a. simile
b. metaphor
c. conceit
d. personification
e. symbol
f.
paradox
g. ambiguity
h. onomatopoeia (D. H. Lawrence’s “Snake” )
32. Drama
three independent origins of drama: Greek tragedy, Greek Comedy, and Medieval
Drama)
33.The Cambridge ladies...live in furnished souls.
四、文本分析 40%
1. 会模仿课堂所讲例子分析短篇小说的 Exposition, Conflict; Climax, Denoument; 小说的
setting; character; theme; pint of view
2. 会利用诗歌基本知识分析诗歌：
a. rhyming scheme
b. rhythmic pattern: 规则性的，常见的如 iambic pentameter 或这 iambic tetrameter
c. 如果是 sonnet; 会判断其种类；
d. 分析诗歌的修辞手段
e. 分析诗歌的主题及意象
f. 划分诗歌的重读非重读；参考书上对莎士比亚诗歌的分析，用“U” “/”