EOC STUDY GUIDE
Chapter 1
List steps in the scientific
method:_________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
Define (give example if necessary):
Control:_________________________________________________
Independent (experimental) Variable:__________________________
Dependent Variable:________________________________________
Variable:_________________________________________________
What are the 5 Characteristics of Life
1_________________
2.___________________
3.____________________
4._____________________
5._____________________ (only for the survival of a species!!!)
Chapter 2: Principles of Ecology
2.1
Define
Ecology:___________________________________________
Abiotic factor:________________________________________
Biotic factor:_________________________________________
Population:__________________________________________
Ecosystem:__________________________________________
What’s the difference between a habitat and
niche?___________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
Symbiosis:_______________________________________________
Circle the correct answer for the following and list 1example
Mutualism: win-win
win-lose win-doesn’t matter
ex:________________________________________________
Commensalism: win-win
win-lose win-doesn’t matter
Ex:________________________________________________
Parasitism: win-win win-lose win-doesn’t matter
Ex:________________________________________________
2.2
Producers:___________________________________________
Heterotrophs:_________________________________________
Name the different types of heterotrophs (3)
1.__________________________ eats meat
2. __________________________ eats veggies
3. __________________________ eats meat and veggies
Decomposers
role:__________________________________________
Food chain vs. food web – what do they
represent?_______________________________________________
Grass cricket bird human is an example of a ________________
Food web:_______________________________________________
Trophic levels = ______________ levels
How much energy is lost at each trophic level?__________________
Who receives the least amount of energy, the top or bottom of the
pyramid?________________________________________________
Review and act out with a partner the following cycles: Water Cycle,
Carbon Cycle, Nitrogen Cycle, and Phosphorus Cycle
3.1 Communities
Define the following and give examples:
Limiting factor:__________________________________________
Tolerance:______________________________________________
Succession:_____________________________________________
Primary succession – pioneer species:_________________________
Climax community:_________________________________________
Secondary succession:______________________________________
3.2 Biomes
Give characteristics of each and example locations
Terrestrial Biomes
-influenced by latitude and climate
Tundra:__________________________________________________
Taiga:___________________________________________________
Desert:__________________________________________________
Grasslands:_______________________________________________
Temperate Deciduous Forest:_________________________________
Tropical Rainforest:_________________________________________
-why TR is important (3)
1.__________________________________________
2.__________________________________________
3.__________________________________________
4.1 Population Dynamics
Compare the effects of the following that they have on population size:
Population increase: when __________ increase and
____________decrease.
Circle the correct answer for how they are shown graphically
Exponential Growth: J
S
Carrying Capacity: J
S
Density Dependent Factor: examples
Density Independent Factor: examples
-Short life vs. Long life differences:____________________________
________________________________________________________
Effects of competition within a population:______________________
________________________________________________________
Effects of crowding and stress: _______________________________
4.2 Human Population
Birthrate = __________________________________________
Death rate=__________________________________________
Population Growth Rate formula=____________________________
Doubling time=___________________________________________
5.1 Vanishing Species
Biodiversity:______________________________________________
Extinction:________________________________________________
Endangered species:________________________________________
Human effect on species populations:__________________________
Types of pollution:_________________________________________
*Biodiversity Importance: stability, interdependent, people
needs=medicine, oxygen, food…
Types of Habitat Loss: Fragmentation, Edge Effects, Degradation,
Pollution, Exotic Species
5.2 Conservation of Biodiversity
Preserves – you know this in general
Legal Protection of US Endangered Species Law of 1973
Habitat Corridors:__________________________________________
Captivity:________________________________________________
6.1 Atoms and their Interactions
Elements: H, O, N, C
Be able to read a chemical formula C6H12O6 = 6 Carbons, 12
Hydrogens, and 6 Oxygens
Reactants on the left  Products on the right
Covalent bonds vs. ionic bonds
pH – 1-6 = ______________ 7= __________ 8-14=________
Atomic structure= 4 parts/
1.___________________ 2. _________________
3.___________________ 4.__________________
6.3 Life Substances
Study foldable!!! Add examples to help out!
Carbohydrates:_________________________________________
Lipids:_________________________________________________
Proteins:________________________________________________
Enzymes:________________________________________________
Enzyme-Substrate Complex:_________________________________
 Actions of Enzymes!!! Know the diagram p. 162 Think Puzzles or
Lock and Key
Nucleic Acids
 Know structure, examples, -endings for names
7.1 and 7.3: Cells, Microscope Usage
Eukaryote = ____________________________________
Prokaryote=_____________________________________
Eukaryote Characteristics
vs.
Prokaryote Characteristics
_____________________
_______________________
_____________________
_______________________
_____________________
_______________________
2 Examples______________
2 Examples_________________
________________________
___________________________
Answer the following questions
What type of cell is the above an example of?______________________________________
Please fill in the answer below with the correct name for each letter
1
a. ________________________________ temporary storage unit for water and worn out parts
2
b._________________________________ site of protein synthesis (protein machine)
3
c. _________________________________ jelly-like substance
4
d._________________________________ maintains homeostasis
5
e. _________________________________ digestive sac that contains digestive enzymes
6
f. __________________________________ thin, hollow tubules that make-up cytoskeleton
7
g. __________________________________ sorts and packages proteins
8
h. __________________________________ smaller, solid protein fibers make this up
9
i. ___________________________________ “brain of the cell”
10
j. ___________________________________ where ribosomes are made
11
k. __________________________________ “powerhouse” of the cell; energy made here
12
l. __________________________________ can be rough with ribosomes – helps with proteins/ smooth
– storage and production of lipids; most chemical reactions take place here
13
m. _________________________________ free floating-protein synthesis site
_____________F
A____________
D.__________________
______________C
G___________
______________________J
I-----------------B______________
______________________H
E_____
K______________________
------------------------L
What type of cell is the one above? __________________________________________
Fill in the blank with the corresponding organelle.
A. __________________________________________________ (unique to plants only)
B. _________________________________________________
C. __________________________________________________
D. __________________________________________________
E. __________________________________________________ (unique to plants only)
F. __________________________________________________
G. __________________________________________________
H.___________________________________________________
I.____________________________________________________ (destroys worn out parts)
J.____________________________________________________
K. ___________________________________________________ (pointing to jelly-like material)
L.____________________________________________________ (pointing to dot-like structure)
Fill in the blanks:
Cells  _____________  ____________ organ systems ____________
7.2 and 8.1: Homeostasis and Plasma Membrane
Homeostasis:____________________________________________________
Osmosis:________________________________________________________
Diffusion:________________________________________________________
Concentration Gradient:____________________________________________
Fill in the following chart:
Types of
Transport
Transport
Protein?
(Y/N)
Simple
Diffusion
Facilitated
Diffusion
Active
Transport
Direction of
Requires
Movement
Energy?
(With/Against) (Y/N)
Classification
of Transport
(Passive/Active)
Draw and define the following types of solutions
Isotonic:________________________________________________
Hypotonic:______________________________________________
Hypertonic:_____________________________________________
Plasma Membrane Structure (Label Head and Tails) How many layers?____
Chapter 9: Cell Energy
ATP:____________________________________________
Where is energy stored in ATP?__________________________
Aerobic Respiration uses _______________________________
Anaerobic Respiration uses _____________________________
Formula for Photosynthesis:_______________________________________
Formula for Cellular Respiration:___________________________________
Glucose:_______________
8.2, 8.3 and 10.2: Mitosis vs. Meiosis
Mitosis = _____________________ reproduction. Examples:_____________
Meiosis = _____________________reproduction. Examples:_____________
Stages of mitosis
Interphase:_______________________
Prophase:________________________
Metaphase:_______________________
Anaphase:________________________
Telophase:________________________
Know what stages look like!!!
Stages of Meiosis
Interphase I:________________
Prophase I:_________________
Metaphase I:________________
Anaphase I:________________
Prophase II:________________
Metaphase II:_______________
Anaphase II:________________
Telophase II:_______________
10.1, Ch. 12, and 13.1: Genetics
Dominant allele:______________________________ (symbol)
Recessive allele:______________________________ (symbol)
Father of Modern Genetics:_____________________________________
Mendel’s favorite plant:__________________________
Females make______________, while men make ____________(gametes)
What is sexual reproduction in plants called?________________________
What is pollen to a plant?___________________________
What does hetero- mean?_________________________
What does homo- mean?__________________________
What’s the difference between heterozygous and
homozygous?____________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
How many pairs of chromosomes do we have? What is the last pair responsible
for?________________________________________________
Rr x rr
What percentage of the offspring will be
round? _______________
RR x rr
What percentage of the offspring will be
round? _______________
Rr x Rr
What percentage of the offspring will be
round? _______________
What are the symbols for a male, female, carrier female, and infected male in a
pedigree? Draw them below in order.
________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
What is incomplete dominance? Give an example.
________________________________________________________________
Do a Punnett square for a heterozygous fruit fly for red eyes (XRXr) and a whiteeyed male (XrY). What percent have red eyes? White eyes?
Why do men tend to express a sex-linked trait found on the X
chromosome?____________________________________________________
What are the different types of blood
types?_________________________________________________________
How does Down Syndrome happen? Where does it happen? What are the
effects?_________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
What can result from an extra sex chromosome? (2 answers)
________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
Ch.11, Ch 13.2, and 13.3: Molecular Genetics
How does DNA replicate? ( 4 steps)
1.________________________
2.________________________
3.________________________
4.________________________
DNA to Protein
DNA ___________________-->RNA-__________________  __________
DNA
RNA
Double stranded
Ribose
Thymine
A  T and G  C
Give one example how DNA has benefited
society:_________________________________________________________
Chapter 14-16: Evolution
List 2 theories for the origin of life:__________________________________
Evolution:_______________________________________________________
Give 2 examples of fossils:_________________________________________
Fossil Record:___________________________________________________
Austrolapithecus afarenis:_________________________________________
Homo habilis:________________________ Homo erectus
Natural Selection:_________________________________________________
Chapter 33: Kingdoms and Animal Behavior
Mimicry:_________________________________________________________
Ex:_______________________________________________
Warning coloration:___________________________________________
Tropisms
What are the three different tropisms?
_________________tropism = touch
_________________tropism = light
_________________tropism = gravity
Nastic movement=________________________________________________
Give example for each of the following
Innate behavior:_________________________________________________
Instinct:_________________________________________________________
Reflex:__________________________________________________________
Stimlus:_________________________________________________________
Learned behavior:_________________________________________________
Conditioning:_____________________________________________________
Habit:___________________________________________________________
Insight and reasoning:_____________________________________________
Imprinting:_______________________________________________________
Define the following time patterns
Nocturnal:________________________
Diurnal:__________________________
Circannual:_________________
Circadian rhythms:______________
Fill in the blank
___________________________ birds flying South
___________________________ bears stocking up for winter
____________________________ think squirrels in the winter
Behaviors
Who does the “waggle dance?” Why do they do it? ________________
________________________________________________________
Courtship behaviors/rituals :________________________________
Coevolution:______________________________________________
What are the 6 Kingdoms? Give an example
1.______________________
__________________________
2.______________________
__________________________
3.______________________
__________________________
4.______________________
___________________________
5.______________________
___________________________
6.______________________
___________________________
Plants:
Angiosperms:__________________________________________
Gymnosperms:_________________________________________
Stomata:______________________________________________
What do plant hormones do?_______________________________
Thigmotropism:______________________________
Phototropism:_______________________________
Hydrotropism:______________________________
Gravitropism:_______________________________
What are the 5 Classes of vertebrates? Give an example of each.
1. ___________________________________________________
2. ___________________________________________________
3. ___________________________________________________
4. ___________________________________________________
5. ___________________________________________________
What are the 5 classes of invertebrates? Give an example of each.
1.__________________________________________________
2.__________________________________________________
3. _________________________________________________
4.__________________________________________________
5.__________________________________________________
Be able to create and interpret a dichotomous key (True and false)
Be able to read a cladogram (shows evolution with time for examplefish  people on basis of backbone)
Good Luck!!! You won’t need it, if you finish this packet 