Food Webs, Cycles, Biomes “Fight Apathy” Name: ________________________________ Date: ______________Hour______________ Mr. Switzer Standard II.II.I.1 Obj # 1 Objective Description (Review) Identify biotic and abiotic parts of ecosystems Key Points What is living in this picture? What is nonliving in this picture? What nonliving things do living things use? Food Web, Producers, Consumers, Decomposers, Predators, Prey, Parasites Water Cycle—Evaporation, condensations, precipitation II.II.I.3 II.III.I.2 II.II.I.3 II.II.I.5 II.III.I.2 2 3 4 Explain how energy is transferred through an ecosystem Describe organism interactions Describe Water Cycle II.II.I.5 5 Describe Carbon Cycle Carbon Cycle—Photosynthesis, fossil fuels, respiration, decomposition II.II.I.5 6 Describe Nitrogen Cycle II.II.I.2 7 Describe 6 Biomes (growing season, animals/plants, temperature and precipitation) II.II.I.2 II.II.I.1 8 Describe New Mexico Biomes Nitrogen Cycle—Nitrogen Fixation, denitrification, Fossil fuels, bacteria, proteins How much carbon, nitrogen, and water were originally on the Earth? Aquatic Desert Rainforest Grasslands Tundra—Permafrost Degrees Celsius Rainfall in cm¡ Which biomes is New Mexico missing? How have native animals or plants adapted to New Mexico’s biomes 9 Write an ACE paragraph See ACE Rubric Standards: II.II.I.1 Identify how living and nonliving parts of an ecosystem and the relationship among these components. II.II.I.2 Explain biomes and describe the New Mexico biomes. II.II.I.3 Explain how individual species that exist together interact with their environment to create an ecosystem (populations, communities, niches, habitats, food webs). II.II.I.4 Explain conditions and resources needed to sustain life in specific ecosystems. II.III.I.2. Explain how energy from the sun supports life on Earth II.II.I.5 Describe how the availability of resources and physical factors limit growth (e.g., quantity of light and water, range of temperature, composition of soil) and how the water, carbon, and nitrogen cycles contribute to the availability of those resources to support living systems. 1 Food Webs, Cycles, Biomes “Fight Apathy” Name: ________________________________ Date: ______________Hour______________ Mr. Switzer Part 1: Food Webs (Objectives 1-3) Key Question for Food Webs: Why aren’t humans and tigers at the “top of the food chain?” 2 Food Webs, Cycles, Biomes “Fight Apathy” Name: ________________________________ Date: ______________Hour______________ Mr. Switzer Food Web Vocabulary: Review: biotic, abiotic, ecosystems New: Producers, Consumers, Decomposers, Predators, Prey, Parasite Word Producers Consumers Decomposers Drawing _________________________ _________________________ Sentence _________________________ _________________________ _________________________ _________________________ Definition _________________________ _________________________ Word Predators _________________________ _________________________ _________________________ _________________________ _________________________ _________________________ _________________________ _________________________ _________________________ _________________________ _________________________ _________________________ _________________________ _________________________ _________________________ _________________________ Prey Parasite _________________________ _________________________ _________________________ _________________________ _________________________ _________________________ _________________________ _________________________ _________________________ _________________________ _________________________ _________________________ _________________________ _________________________ _________________________ _________________________ Drawing _________________________ _________________________ Sentence _________________________ _________________________ _________________________ _________________________ Definition _________________________ _________________________ 3 Food Webs, Cycles, Biomes “Fight Apathy” Name: ________________________________ Date: ______________Hour______________ Mr. Switzer Food Webs and Ecosystems _________________ I. Ecosystems are made of A. Biotic— Date: and factors B. Abiotic— II. Energy flows through food webs, starting at the sun A. are organisms that make their own food using energy from the sun. 1. Examples: B. are eat other organisms to get energy 1. kill and eat . 2. “steal” food from another organism without killing it. C. break down wastes or remains or organisms 1. Bacteria and release materials to the air, water, and soil. 2. Energy can flow from or to decomposers 3. (usually) don’t pass energy on to other organisms. D. Eventually, all energy is lost as ! III. Organisms can interact with each other in several ways A. can eat (+/-) B. can get food from an organism without killing it (+/-) Summary: 4 Food Webs, Cycles, Biomes “Fight Apathy” Name: ________________________________ Date: ______________Hour______________ Mr. Switzer Draw energy flowing through a food web. Label (1) the sun, (2) Producers, (3) Consumers, (4) Decomposers Key Question for Food Webs: Why aren’t humans and tigers at the “top of the food chain?” 5 Food Webs, Cycles, Biomes “Fight Apathy” Name: ________________________________ Date: ______________Hour______________ Mr. Switzer Food Web CBM Study Guide II.II.I.1 Identify how living and nonliving parts of an ecosystem and the relationship among these components. II.II.I.3 Explain how individual species that exist together interact with their environment to create an ecosystem (populations, communities, niches, habitats, food webs). II.III.I.2. Explain how energy from the sun supports life on Earth What do biotic and abiotic mean? 1. Biotic: _______________________ Abiotic: _______________________________ What are some examples of ABIOTIC factors in an ecosystem? 2. Examples: ____________________________________________________________ What are some examples of BIOTIC factors in an ecosystem? 3. Examples: ____________________________________________________________ What is a producer? 4. A producer is __________________________________________________________ 5. An example of a producer is________________________________________________ What is a consumer? 6. A consumer is _________________________________________________________ 7. An example of a consumer is_______________________________________________ What is the difference between predator and prey? 8. A predator is: _________________________________________________________ 9. Prey is ______________________________________________________________ What is a parasite? 10. A parasite is __________________________________________________________ 11. Is a parasite a consumer or a producer (circle the correct answer)? In ecosystems, where does most energy come from? 12. Energy comes from: ______________________________________________ In the following food web (below), circle two organisms that are competing for the same food resource. How can you tell the animals (from #12) are competing for the same food source? 13. Which (from the food web below) is a parasite? 14. __________________________________________ __________________________________________ How can you tell it’s a parasite? 6 Food Webs, Cycles, Biomes 15. “Fight Apathy” Name: ________________________________ Date: ______________Hour______________ Mr. Switzer ________________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ Cycles 7 Food Webs, Cycles, Biomes “Fight Apathy” Name: ________________________________ Date: ______________Hour______________ Mr. Switzer Cycles Key Question: When have you eaten a part of a dinosaur from 210 million years ago? Cycles Vocabulary: Review: Photosynthesis, fossil fuels, respiration, decomposition, Fossil fuels, bacteria, proteins, atmosphere New: Nitrogen Fixation, Denitrification, Evaporation, Condensation, Precipitation Word Nitrogen Fixation Denitrification Respiration Drawing _________________________ _________________________ Sentence _________________________ _________________________ _________________________ Definition _________________________ _________________________ _________________________ _________________________ _________________________ _________________________ _________________________ _________________________ _________________________ _________________________ _________________________ _________________________ _________________________ 8 Food Webs, Cycles, Biomes “Fight Apathy” Name: ________________________________ Date: ______________Hour______________ Mr. Switzer _________________________ _________________________ _________________________ _________________________ _________________________ _________________________ Word Evaporation Condensation Precipitation _________________________ _________________________ _________________________ _________________________ _________________________ _________________________ _________________________ _________________________ _________________________ _________________________ _________________________ _________________________ _________________________ _________________________ _________________________ _________________________ Drawing _________________________ _________________________ Sentence _________________________ _________________________ _________________________ _________________________ Definition _________________________ _________________________ 9 Food Webs, Cycles, Biomes Water, Carbon, and Nitrogen Cycles “Fight Apathy” Name: ________________________________ Date: ______________Hour______________ Mr. Switzer Date: _________________ I. Every living thing needs , Carbon and A. Your body is about % water. B. Your DNA and your food is made with C. Your muscles are made with II. Matter is cycled in nature—it is never or . A. In the , water moves between the atmosphere and the earth—the water on the earth is the same water that was here when the earth was . 1. moves water from lakes, streams, oceans, and other bodies of water into the air. 2. forms clouds. 3. is when water falls to the earth as rain, sleet, or snow. B. In the , carbon moves between earth, living things, and the atmosphere. 1. moves carbon from the atmosphere (CO2) to living things (Carbon is converted from CO2 into sugar) 2. Animals and other organisms eat , taking in carbon. 3. , Decomposition, and burning fossil fuels returns CO2 to the atmosphere. C. In the , nitrogen moves between earth, living things, and the . 1. Most of the Atmosphere is made of nitrogen ( %), but plants and animals cannot use it in the form of a . 2. is when bacteria change nitrogen from gas into a form that plants can use (NO3) 3. get nitrogen from the soil and get nitrogen from eating (either plants or animals). 4. Nitrogen is returned to the atmosphere by (getting rid of wastes) and a. is the process bacteria use to returns nitrogen to a gas in the atmosphere. Summary: The Elements of Life 10 Food Webs, Cycles, Biomes “Fight Apathy” Name: ________________________________ Date: ______________Hour______________ Mr. Switzer Living organisms are made up of a great variety of molecules consisting of many atoms (with carbon atoms playing the main roles), but the number of different elements involved is quite small. Carbon and only five other elements (hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorous and sulfur) make up most of Earth’s biomass (the weight of all living things on Earth). Those six elements, however, can combine in many unique ways to make the large, organic molecules and compounds that characterize living organisms. The Carbon Cycle Carbon is taken out of the atmosphere by plants through the process known as photosynthesis. This carbon is combined with other elements in complex ways to form organic molecules important to life. This carbon is later transferred to animals that consume or eat plants. When plants and animals die, much of their carbon is returned to the atmosphere as the organisms decompose. Every so often, a plant or animal does not decompose right away. Their bodies are trapped, in locations where decomposition can simply not take place. This is most common at the bottom of oceans and seas, where the life forms become buried by sand. Instead of returning to the atmosphere, the carbon from these life forms is trapped within the Earth. Over millions of years more and more of the carbon on Earth has been trapped in this manner. Today, almost 99% of all the carbon on Earth has been locked up deep within the Earth. The Nitrogen Cycle Nitrogen is the most abundant element in our planet’s atmosphere. Approximately 78% of the atmosphere is comprised of this important element. Nitrogen is used by life forms to carry out many of the functions of life. This element is especially important to plant life. Yet nitrogen in its gaseous form is almost entirely unusable to life forms. It must first be converted or ‘fixed’ into a more usable form. The process of converting nitrogen is called fixation. There are specialized bacteria whose function it is to fix nitrogen, converting it from the atmosphere, so that it can be used by plants. There are still other bacteria who do the reverse. That is, they return nitrogen to its gaseous form. After nitrogen is fixed, it can be absorbed, and used by plants, and subsequently by animals. The process of nitrogen being fixed, used by plants and animals, and later returned to the atmosphere is referred to as the nitrogen cycle. The Water Cycle Precipitation - falling of water back to the earth as snow, sleet, hail, or rain 11 Food Webs, Cycles, Biomes Transpiration Evaporation of water from plants “Fight Apathy” Name: ________________________________ Date: ______________Hour______________ Mr. Switzer Condensation - changing of water vapor (water in the air) into a liquid Evaporation - process of water becoming gas The water that we currently drink is largely the same water that was on the Earth when the first life forms lived. Ever since the Earth was first formed, the total amount of water on the planet has stayed almost the same. How is this possible? Water flows in a cycle. The water cycle has three main steps. One step of the water cycle is evaporation. Evaporation is changing of water from liquid to gas. Evaporation occurs when you leave a full glass of water outside for a while and when you come back it is only half full. A second part involves water condensing into clouds. Condensation occurs when you leave a cold drink outside on a warm day and the outside of the drink gets wet. A third part of the water cycle is precipitation. After water precipitates, and it hits the earth, it is called runoff, until it reaches rivers, lakes, or oceans. Then the Water cycle can begin again! Questions: 12 Food Webs, Cycles, Biomes “Fight Apathy” Name: ________________________________ Date: ______________Hour______________ Mr. Switzer 1. What do plants “breathe in”? What do they “breathe out”? 2. What do people and animals breathe in? What do we breathe out? 3. What are the six most common elements in all life on Earth? 4. Where do people’s bodies get their carbon? 5. Where can you find most of the carbon on Earth? 6. What are the three steps to the water cycle? 7. Compare the amount of water on earth when it was formed to the current amount of water on earth (More, Less, or the same?) Cycles Key Question: When have you eaten a part of a dinosaur from 210 million years ago? Cycles CBM Study Guide: Standard: II.II.I.5 Describe how the availability of resources and physical factors limit growth (e.g., quantity of light and water, range of temperature, composition of soil) and how the water, carbon, and nitrogen cycles contribute to the availability of those resources to support living systems. 13 Food Webs, Cycles, Biomes “Fight Apathy” Name: ________________________________ Date: ______________Hour______________ Mr. Switzer What are the three parts of the water cycle? 1. Precipitation is:___________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ 2. Condensation is:__________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ 3. _______________________ is: ______________________________ __________________________________________________________ Is the water on the Earth today the same or different water than was here when dinosaurs lived? Which part of the carbon cycle removes carbon from the atmosphere? What are 3 ways carbon can be returned to the atmosphere? 4. How do plants and animals get carbon? 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Plants get carbon_____________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ 10. Animals get carbon __________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ How does nitrogen get moved from the atmosphere to the soil? 11. How is nitrogen moved back to the atmosphere? 12.__________________________ is the process bacteria use to return nitrogen to a gas in the atmosphere? 14 Food Webs, Cycles, Biomes “Fight Apathy” Name: ________________________________ Date: ______________Hour______________ Mr. Switzer (aquatic, desert, rainforest, grasslands, tundra) Biomes Key Question: Where in New Mexico can you find each of the biomes (except one)? 15 Food Webs, Cycles, Biomes “Fight Apathy” Name: ________________________________ Date: ______________Hour______________ Mr. Switzer BIOMES Vocabulary: Review: Precipitation, Temperature, growing season, biodiversity, ecosystem, climate New: Aquatic, Word Tundra, Desert, Rainforest, Grassland, Permafrost, Aquatic Tundra Permafrost _________________________ _________________________ _________________________ _________________________ _________________________ _________________________ _________________________ _________________________ _________________________ _________________________ _________________________ _________________________ _________________________ _________________________ _________________________ _________________________ _________________________ _________________________ _________________________ _________________________ _________________________ _________________________ _________________________ _________________________ Drawing Sentence Definition Word Grassland Desert Rainforest _________________________ _________________________ _________________________ _________________________ _________________________ _________________________ _________________________ _________________________ _________________________ _________________________ _________________________ _________________________ _________________________ _________________________ _________________________ _________________________ Drawing _________________________ _________________________ Sentence _________________________ _________________________ _________________________ _________________________ Definition _________________________ _________________________ Biomes Key Question: Where in New Mexico can you find each of the biomes (except one)? 16 Food Webs, Cycles, Biomes “Fight Apathy” Name: ________________________________ Date: ______________Hour______________ Mr. Switzer Biome Notes: Biomes are large areas on earth that have similar weather conditions (called climate) and ecosystems Cue Words Biome Precipitation Temperature Plants (per year) (Celsius and Fahrenheit) Animals Aquatic N/A ________, dolphins, crabs N/A _________ Desert Driest Biome _________ Less than _______ cm (_______ in) Rainforest Wettest biome _________ Over ________ cm (_______ in.) Grassland 25-_____cm _________ (10-30 in) Tundra _________ Less than 25cm (_______ in.) Huge daily range (warmer than __________) Constantly __________ (25C=77F) Water lilies ______ plants Small plants, shrubs, cactus Trees, ______, vines Pigeons, mule deer, _________ Ants, _________, leopards, frogs Hot Grasses Grazers __________, like cold ________, ___________ Bison, Kangaroos, Elephants Permafrost= ______, Arctic lichens, hares, (-___C shrubs caribou, =10F) reindeer Can you find it in New Mexico? Oceans, ponds, ________, rivers Australia, ________, Antarctica No…it’s found mostly near the ________ Yes! Rich _________ near Farmington Yes! At the tops of _________ (Sangre De Cristo) Summary: Biomes Key Question: Where in New Mexico can you find each of the biomes (except one)? 17 Food Webs, Cycles, Biomes “Fight Apathy” Name: ________________________________ Date: ______________Hour______________ Mr. Switzer Biome Travel Brochure Due Date: ___________________________ How many people will work on a single project? _________ Objective: To learn about the different biomes (rainforest, grassland, desert, tundra, aquatic) while having fun and practicing our powers of persuasion. Background: As we know, the Earth consists of many diverse environments. Ecologists group these environments into biomes, large areas on earth that have similar weather conditions and ecosystems. Not all organisms can live in every biome because of their adaptations to different conditions; for various reasons, even many humans prefer to only reside in one particular biome. Your Position: In this activity, you are going to pretend that you are a travel agent who is trying to convince tourists (the class) to visit a particular destination in a particular biome. You will be assigned a specific biome and will create a travel brochure to make your biome look as “real-talk” as possible. The Goal: Through a short 2-3 minute presentation of your travel brochure, you must convince your fellow classmates and your teacher to want to travel to your biome destination. Several of you will be assigned the same biome, and the student who makes their biome the most attractive to travel to (by class vote) will receive extra points on their project. How to: I. Your travel brochure must fulfill the following requirements: 01. Be tri-folded (a single sheet of paper folded into three sections). 02. The front should clearly show which biome you have, what your “travel agency” is named, an illustration of your biome, and have an overall creative “flare” to entice the traveler. 03. The two inside flaps should a. describe your biome (precipitation, temperature, dominant plants and animals, etc.) b. identify some real places (countries, cities, etc.) located in your biome c. point out its main animals and plants d. include activities that we might enjoy doing there. These two flaps can be organized as you wish, as long as they both contain all of the previous requirements. 04. Overall, each student’s (or group’s) travel brochure will be completely unique and should be as creative as possible (you can hand draw or find another way to get pictures). II. Aside from this brochure, you will also give a 2-3 minute presentation of your biome to try to “sell” your biome as THE BEST one to travel to and also to help “teach” the class about it. 18 Food Webs, Cycles, Biomes “Fight Apathy” Name: ________________________________ Date: ______________Hour______________ Mr. Switzer The Points: Biome Travel Brochure CATEGORY Writing Mechanics 4 Capitalization and punctuation are correct throughout the brochure. 1. Brochure is tri-folded 2.Front cover says biome, agency and has a picture 3.Inside describes biome, identifies places, gives animals and plants, and describes activities. 4.Brochure is unique 3 Capitalization and punctuation are mostly correct 2 Capitalization and punctuation have several minor errors 1 There are multiple capitalization or punctuation errors One requirement is missing Two requirements are missing Three or more requirements missing Content Accuracy All facts in the brochure are accurate. 99-90% of the facts in the brochure are accurate. 89-80% of the facts in the brochure are accurate. Attractiveness & Organization The brochure has exceptionally attractive formatting and wellorganized information. The brochure has attractive formatting and well-organized information. The brochure has well-organized information. Graphics/ Pictures Graphics go well with the text and there is a good mix of text and graphics. Graphics are colored Graphics go well with the text, but there are so many that they distract from the text. Graphics go well with the text, but there are too few and the brochure seems "text-heavy". Fewer than 80% of the facts in the brochure are accurate. The brochure's formatting and organization of material are confusing to the reader. Graphics do not go with the text or are missing. Presentation All students in the group can accurately answer all questions related to facts in the brochure. All students in the group can accurately answer most questions related to facts in the brochure. Most students in the group can accurately answer most questions related to facts in the brochure. Requirements followed My Grade Mr. Switzer's Grade Several students in the group appear to have little knowledge about the facts. Total 19 Food Webs, Cycles, Biomes “Fight Apathy” Name: ________________________________ Date: ______________Hour______________ Mr. Switzer BIOMES CBM Study Guide: How much precipitation do Deserts and Tundra get each year? What is the main difference between deserts and tundra? Which is the wettest biome? How much precipitation does it get? What is the average temperature of this biome? Which biome has a great variation in daily temperature? Describe the plants, animals, and soil of the grassland biome Describe an animal that lives in a biome in New Mexico. What biome does that animal live in? What adaptations does this animal have that help it live in this biome? What is the only biome we talked about in class that you cannot find in New Mexico? 1. Deserts: _______________________________________________________ 2. Tundra: _______________________________________________________ 3. Tundra and deserts are different because _____________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________. 4. The wettest biome is _____________________________________________. 5. This biome gets _________ cm of precipitation, which is __________ inches. 6. The average temperature of this biome is __________C, which is ___________F. 7.______________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ 8. Plants of the grassland biome are _________________________________ ________________________________________________________________. 9. Animals of the grassland biome are ________________________________ ________________________________________________________________. 10. The soil of the grassland biome is _________________________________ ________________________________________________________________. 11. An animal that lives in a New Mexico biome is ________________________. 12. This animal lives in the _______________________ biome. 13. These are some adaptations that this animal has: _____________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ 14. _____________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ 20 Food Webs, Cycles, Biomes “Fight Apathy” Name: ________________________________ Date: ______________Hour______________ Mr. Switzer Food Webs, Cycles, and Biomes Unit Test Study Guide: FOOD WEBS (1-3) Name 3 biotic factors that you can find in an ecosystem. (4-6) Name 3 abiotic factors you can find in an ecosystem. (7.) What is a producer? (8-9) Give 2 examples of producers. (10) What is the source of energy that starts food webs? (11) Which two animals in the food web to the right are competing for the same food source? (12) How can you tell they are competing for the same food source? (13) What are two food sources for the deer in the food web? (14) Draw at least 5 arrows on the picture to the right to show mushrooms (decomposers) would fit into the food web. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 21 Food Webs, Cycles, Biomes “Fight Apathy” Name: ________________________________ Date: ______________Hour______________ Mr. Switzer (14). (15) What does a predator do to prey? (16) What does a parasite do to the organism it lives on or in? (17) Is a parasite a consumer or a producer? 15. 16. 17. CYCLES (18-20) What are the three parts of the carbon cycle? (21) Is the water on the Earth today the same or different water than was here when dinosaurs lived? (22) What process removes carbon from the atmosphere? (23) What are 3 ways carbon can be returned to the atmosphere? (26-27) How do plants and 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25 26. Plants: 22 Food Webs, Cycles, Biomes animals get carbon? (28) What process moves nitrogen from the atmosphere to the soil? (29) What process moves nitrogen from the soil back to the atmosphere? “Fight Apathy” Name: ________________________________ Date: ______________Hour______________ Mr. Switzer 27. Animals: 28. 29. BIOMES (30-37) Describe the temperature and precipitation of the following biomes (Desert, tundra, grassland, rainforest) (38) Which biome contains water plants, fish, and dolphins? (39) Which biome contains good soil and lots of grazing animals (like zebras, kangaroos, and elephants)? (40) In which biome would you find permafrost? (41). Which biome is not found in New Mexico? (42). Name an animal that is native to New Mexico. (43). Describe the biome that animal lives in, and (44) describe adaptations that help that animal survive. 30. Desert Temperature: 31.Desert Precipitation: 32: Tundra Temperature: 33: Tundra Precipitation: 34: Grassland Temperature: 35: Grassland Precipitation: 36: Rainforest Temperature: 37: Rainforest Precipitation: 38: 39: 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 23