Supplementary Information Functional Application of Noble Metal Nanoparticles In-Situ Synthesized on Ramie Fibers Bin Tang1,2*, Ya Yao1, Jingliang Li2, Si Qin2, Haijin Zhu2, Jasjeet Kaur2, Wu Chen1, Lu Sun1,2, Xungai Wang 1,2* 1 School of Textile Science and Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430073, China. 2 Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3216, Australia. * Correspondence: bin.tang@deakin.edu.au; xungai.wang@deakin.edu.au. 1 Table S1 Details of the experimental condition for in-situ synthesis of silver nanoparticles. pH value Concentration of silver ions Temperature 0.1 mM 0.2 mM 0.3 mM 0.4 mM pH=10 Ag-90-10-1 Ag-90-10-2 Ag-90-10-3 Ag-90-10-4 pH=7 Ag-90-7-1 Ag-90-7-2 Ag-90-7-3 Ag-90-7-4 90 oC Table S2 Details of the experimental condition for in-situ synthesis of gold nanoparticles. pH value Concentration of gold ions Temperature 0.02 mM 0.04 mM 0.06 mM 0.08 mM pH=5 Au-90-5-2 Au-90-5-4 Au-90-5-6 Au-90-5-8 pH=7 Au-90-7-2 Au-90-7-4 Au-90-7-6 Au-90-7-8 90 oC 9 8 (a) 1.4 Maximum K/S Maximum K/S 7 6 5 4 3 (b) 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 2 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 [AgNO3] 0.30 0.35 0.40 (mM) 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 [HAuCl4] 0.06 0.07 0.08 (mM) Figure S1 Plots of maximum K/S value as a function of concentration of a AgNO3 and b HAuCl4 in solution corresponding to Fig. 4. 2 Table S3 Details of the experimental condition for in-situ synthesis of silver nanoparticles at different temperatures. pH value pH=10 Temperature 40 oC 50 oC 60 oC 70 oC 80 oC 90 oC Ag40-103 Ag50-103 Ag60-103 Ag70-103 Ag80-103 Ag90-103 Concentration of silver ions 0.3 mM Table S4 Details of the experimental condition for in-situ synthesis of gold nanoparticles at different temperatures. pH value pH=5 Temperature 40 oC 50 oC 60 oC 70 oC 80 oC 90 oC Au-405-6 Au-505-6 Au-605-6 Au-705-6 Au-805-6 Au-905-6 Concentration of gold ions 0.06 mM 3 (a) 40 oC 50 oC 60 oC 70 oC 80 oC 90 oC 5 K/S 4 3 2 1 0 400 450 500 550 600 650 6 (b) 5 Maximum K/S 6 4 3 2 1 0 700 40 50 60 70 o 80 90 Temperature ( C) Wavelength (nm) Figure S2 a K/S curves of ramie fibers with silver nanoparticles obtained with 0.3 mM of AgNO3 and pH = 10 at different temperatures. b Plot of maximum K/S value of silver nanoparticle treated ramie fibers as a function of temperature. 1.0 40 oC 50 oC 60 oC 70 oC 80 oC 90 oC (a) K/S 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 1.1 1.0 Maximum K/S 1.2 (b) 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.0 400 450 500 550 600 Wavelength (nm) 650 700 40 50 60 70 80 90 o Temperature ( C) Figure S3 a K/S curves of ramie fibers with gold nanoparticles obtained with 0.06 mM of HAuCl4 and pH = 5 at different temperatures. b Plot of maximum K/S value of gold nanoparticle treated ramie fibers as a function of temperature. 4 Figure S4 Photograph of ramie fibers treated in (Left) AgNO3 (0.3 mM) and (Right) HAuCl4 (0.06 mM) solutions at pH = 7 and 90 oC. Table S5 Details of the experimental condition for in-situ synthesis of silver nanoparticles at different pH values. Temperature 90 oC pH value Concentration of silver ions pH=7 pH=8 pH=9 pH=10 pH=11 pH=12 Ag-907-3 Ag-908-3 Ag-909-3 Ag-9010-3 Ag-9011-3 Ag-9012-3 0.3 mM Table S6 Details of the experimental condition for in-situ synthesis of gold nanoparticles at different pH values. Temperature 90 oC pH value Concentration of gold ions pH=2 pH=3 pH=4 pH=5 pH=6 pH=7 Au-902-6 Au-903-6 Au-904-6 Au-905-6 Au-906-6 Au-907-6 0.06 mM 5 Figure S5 Evolution of the color difference (ΔE) of ramie fabrics with in-situ synthesized silver and gold nanoparticles as the number of washing cycles increased. Absorbance (a.u.) 0.6 (a) 0 min 10 min 20 min 30 min 40 min 50 min 60 min 70 min 80 min 90 min 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.0 200 0.7 (b) 0.6 Intenstiy (a.u.) 0.7 0.5 0.4 Untreated Au-90-5-6 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.0 300 400 500 600 Wavelength (nm) 700 800 0 20 40 60 80 Time (min) Figure S6 a Evolution of UV-vis absorbance spectra of 4-NP solution with Au-90-5-6 after addition of NaBH4 solution. b Plots of band intensity at 400 nm as a function of reaction time corresponding to untreated fiber and Au-90-5-6. 6 (a) (b) (c) Figure S7 Antibacterial activity measurement of a blank sample (control), b untreated bamboo pulp fabric, c silver nanoparticle treated ramie fibers. Untreated Ramie-Au Ramie-Ag 140 120 13 100 80 60 40 20 C chemical shift (ppm) Figure S8 13C solid-state CP-MAS spectra of the untreated, silver nanoparticle treated and gold nanoparticle treated ramie fibers. 7 Untreated Ramie-Ag Ramie-Au Absorbance a b c c b a 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 Wavenumber (cm-1) Figure S9 FTIR spectra of untreated, silver nanoparticle treated and gold nanoparticle treated ramie fibers. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) testing 13 C solid-state NMR experiments were performed on a Bruker Avance III 500 MHz wide bore NMR spectrometer (1H Lamor frequency of 500.07 MHz) equipped with a 2.5 mm double resonance Magic Angle Spinning (MAS) probe head. 13 C cross polarization (CP)-MAS NMR spectra were recorded with a MAS rate of 25 kHz. A 75 kHz 1H continuous wave (CW) high power decoupling was applied during acquisition to eliminate the 1H-13C dipole-dipole broadening and to enhance the 13 C signal. The use of 10240 scans was applied for each sample, with a recycle delay of 2s. 8