Science 9
Reproduction Chapter 5
Test Review
1. What is the basic unit of all life?
The basic unit of all life is the cell.
2. How does a plant cell differ from an animal cell? (Identify 3 differences)
Plant cells differ from animal cells because they have chloroplasts,
cell walls, large vacuoles, and lack centrioles.
3. What is the purpose of a cell wall?
The purpose of the cell wall is to support the structure of the cell.
4. Why do animal cells lack a cell wall?
Animals have skeletal system so they do not require the addition
support that a cell wall offers.
5. Arrange the following terms from largest in structure to smallest:
chromosome, gene, nucleus, DNA.
Largest to smallest: nucleus, chromosome, gene, DNA
6. If a cell lacks a nucleus what is it unable to do?
If a cell was enucleated it would not contain the DNA required to
undergo cell division.
7. Where does the process of photosynthesis occur in plant cells?
Photosynthesis occurs in the chloroplasts of plant cells.
8. Compare the following organelles to a factory: nucleus, cell membrane,
vacuole, ribosome, Golgi apparatus, lysosome, mitochondrion, cytoplasm,
and endoplasmic reticulum.
Factory comparison:
Organelle
Factory Part
Nucleus
Head Office
Cell membrane
Security guard
Vacuole
Water cooler, storage closet, shed
Ribosome
Assembly line workers
Golgi apparatus
Storage area for the created product
Lysosome
recycling area (e.g. Blue Boxes)
Mitochondrion
Generator
Cytoplasm
All the air, equipment, and employee at
the factory except head office
ER
Conveyer belts
9. Why is cell division important? (List 3 purposes)
The Purposes of Cell Division are:
 Healing and Tissue Repair
 Growth
 Reproduction of Organisms
10. Describe each purpose.
Healing and repair of damaged or old tissues occur because of cell
division. Organisms continuously replace cells throughout their life.
Growth- When a cell surpasses a maximum size, the nucleus cannot
control cell functions and material is unable to reach all parts of the
cell. The cell must then divide if the organism is to grow.
Reproduction- For some organisms, cell division is the mode in
which they create more life (such as in unicellular organisms e.g.
bacteria.)
11. Where do all cells come from?
Cells come from other cells.
12. We started as a fertilized egg called a zygote. How did we become over
100 trillion cells large?
Once the zygote is formed from sexual reproduction, the cell
continuously divides through the process of mitosis also known as
cell division.
13. What is the cell cycle?
The sequence of events from one division to another is called the
cell cycle. Growth -> Synthesis of DNA -> Growth 2 -> Mitosis
14. What is the purpose of interphase?
During interphase the cell takes in nutrients, such as sugar, and
produces building materials, such as proteins. These materials are
used for energy, growth and repair of damaged parts. A period of
rapid growth will occur while the cell duplicates its genetic material
(chromosomes) in preparation for cell division.
15. List the phases of mitosis.
The phases of mitosis (cell division) include: prophase, metaphase,
anaphase, and telophase.
16. Draw prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase.
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
17. Describe what is happening during each phase.
Prophase
 copied chromosomes shorten and thicken. This makes them
visible under the light microscope.
 nuclear membrane dissolves, now the chromosomes can move
freely. Nuclear membrane is a membrane that surrounds the
nucleus.
Metaphase
 Double stranded chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell.
The middle of the cell is called the equator.
Anaphase
 the paired chromosomes separate and move to the ends of the
cell. The ends of the cell are called poles.
 cytokinesis occurs.
Telophase
 the chromosomes reach the poles of the two cells
 the nuclear membrane reforms around the chromosomes
 cytoplasm and organelles separate into 2 equal parts
 The daughter cells are now formed
18. Compare mitosis in plant and animal cells.
Plant and animal cells undergo mitosis in similar ways. The major
difference between plant and animal mitosis occurs during
telophase. Plant cells create a cell plate during the process of
cytokinesis. The cell plate will later become the cell wall. Animal
cells will pinch together during telophase to complete their
cytokinesis.
19. Why does the genetic information need to be duplicated during
interphase?
If each daughter cell is to have the same number of chromosomes
as the mother cell then the chromosomes must duplicate during
interphase.
20. Differentiate between a mother and a daughter cell.
A mother cell will undergo asexual reproduction to form 2 new
identical cells known as daughter cells.
21. Differentiate between asexual and sexual reproduction.
Asexual reproduction creates identical cells from a mother cell
where as sexual reproduction produces a zygote that is a
combination of the 2-parent cells’ genetic material. Asexual
reproduction requires only one parent, while sexual reproduction
requires 2. Asexual reproduction offers no genetic variation and
sexual reduction does offer genetic variation.
22. What is a zygote and how is it formed?
A zygote is a fertilized egg created from the union of 2 sex cells
(e.g. sperm and egg.)
23. List the 5 types of asexual reproduction. (Be able to give an example of
an organism which reproduces each way)
The five types of asexual reproduction include: fragmentation,
budding, binary fission, vegetative reproduction and spore
formation.
24. How do we know that all cells do not divide at the same rate?
From the case study 5.11. Data collected on a mass of heart cells,
body cells and brain cells concluded that cells grow at different rates.
25. Page 172-173, answer questions 2, 13, and 14.
2.
A Plant, interphase
B Plant, telophase
C Animal, anaphase
D Animal, telophase
13. Irradiation destroys the chromosomes in cells. Without the
complete genetic material organisms such as bacteria will not be
able to reproduce and spoil the food prematurely.
14.(a) If the outer most skin cells lack a nucleus then cell division
would not occur.
(b) Collect skin cells and place them in a pitre dish with lots of
nutrients - observe if the cells divide.