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Psychology 101: Introduction to Psychology. Chapter 10: Practice Questions. . . 1.. Regarding
the definition of personality, all but which of the following belong?. A). Relatively unstable. B).
Psychological characteristics. C). Behavioral patterns. D). Accounting for individuality and
consistency. E). Environmental adaptation. . . 2.. Freud developed an approach to personality
called ______ theory.. A). psychoanalytic. B). trait. C). social-cognitive. D). humanistic. E).
levels of consciousness. . . 3.. In Freudian theory, the level of consciousness that corresponds to
our current level of awareness is the. A). unconscious.. B). conscious.. C). preconscious.. D).
superego.. E). ego.. . . 4.. Using an iceberg analogy, the tip of the iceberg is most like which level
of consciousness in Freud's theory?. A). Preconscious. B). Unconscious. C). Ego. D). Conscious.
E). Superego. . . 5.. Id, ego, and superego refer to which component of psychoanalytic theory?.
A). They describe the levels of consciousness.. B). They are types of defense mechanisms.. C).
They describe the stages of psychosexual development.. D). They are methods of psychoanalytic
therapy.. E). They describe the structure of personality.. . . 6.. Using the iceberg analogy, which
personality structure(s) lies completely below the water?. A). Superego and ego. B). Ego and id.
C). Superego and id. D). Superego only. E). Id only. . . 7.. From the psychoanalytic perspective,
it is possible for a person to unconsciously banish unacceptable wishes, urges, and impulses.
This type of motivated forgetting, thought by Freud to be a primary defense mechanism, is
called. A). sublimation.. B). repression.. C). regression.. D). reaction formation.. E). projection.. .
. 8.. According to Freud, the purpose of defense mechanisms is to. A). satisfy the id.. B). destroy
the id.. C). prevent threatening thoughts from attaining awareness.. D). unite the id and
superego.. E). protect the superego from troubling impulses.. . . 9.. After 6-year-old Samantha's
baby brother was born, she started to have temper tantrums the way she had when she was two.
This may be a case of. A). repression.. B). regression.. C). projection.. D). displacement.. E).
sublimation.. . . 10.. Ingmar's boss ridiculed him in front of the whole office. When Ingmar
returns home, he yells at his wife and children and kicks his dog. This is an example of. A).
projection.. B). reaction formation.. C). regression.. D). displacement.. E). sublimation.. . . 11.. It
is often said of substance abusers that the first step in recovery is admitting they have a problem.
In Freudian terms, we might say they need to overcome. A). projection.. B). denial.. C). reaction
formation.. D). rationalization.. E). displacement.. . . 12.. Angela unconsciously despises old
people. Yet, she volunteers two days each week at a retirement home. This is a classic case of.
A). regression.. B). displacement.. C). reaction formation.. D). sublimation.. E). projection.. . .
13.. Rapists sometimes defend their actions by saying, “she asked for it.― This is an
example of. A). denial.. B). displacement.. C). sublimation.. D). projection.. E). regression.. . .
14.. Rodina has suffered from substance abuse for many years. She stopped using and now
competes in extreme sports. She may be demonstrating. A). projection.. B). displacement.. C).
rationalization.. D). regression.. E). sublimation.. . . 15.. Ruth has conflicting feelings about
getting married that she has not allowed to enter her consciousness. On the night before her
wedding, Ruth says, “Tomorrow I'm going to my funeral.― Ruth's comment is an example
of a(n). A). displacement.. B). projection.. C). rationalization.. D). inferiority complex.. E).
Freudian slip.. . . 16.. What is the correct ordering of Freud's psychosexual stages of
development?. A). Anal, oral, latency, phallic, genital. B). Oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital.
C). Oral, anal, latency, phallic, genital. D). Oral, phallic, anal, latency, genital. E). Anal, oral,
phallic, latency, genital. . . 17.. Jung believed that similarities among cultures in dream images,
art, and religious symbols are explained by the. A). personal unconscious.. B). collective
unconscious.. C). creative self.. D). cultural consciousness.. E). reality principle.. . . 18..
Mahatma Gandhi's lifelong commitment to non-violent solutions to social problems would likely
be considered an example of a(n) ______ trait.. A). ordinal. B). central. C). secondary. D).
cardinal. E). primary. . . 19.. In Allport's view, cardinal traits are. A). the most pervasive
characteristics of one's personality.. B). basic building blocks of personality.. C). specific
preferences.. D). fluctuating patterns of behavior.. E). superficial traits inferred from
observation.. . . 20.. Allport proposed ______ types of traits in the personality, and they are
called _____.. A). 2; internal and external locus of control. B). 5; neuroticism, extraversion,
openness, agreeableness, and conscientiousness. C). 3; introversion-extraversion, neuroticism,
and psychoticism. D). 2; surface and source traits. E). 3; cardinal, central, and secondary traits. . .
21.. _____'s model of personality describes personality in terms of three major traits:
introversion-extraversion, neuroticism, and psychoticism.. A). Cattell. B). Eysenck. C). Allport.
D). Freud. E). Jung. . . 22.. Cathleen takes the 16PF test of personality. This test will measure
Cathleen's _____ traits.. A). source. B). surface. C). central. D). primary. E). cardinal. . . 23..
Current research on the “factors― of personality suggests that there are _____ major
personality factors that best describe human personality.. A). thousands of. B). hundreds of. C).
twenty-four. D). sixteen. E). five. . . 24.. The construct of ______represents the belief that
behavior involves an interrelationship between personality traits and situational factors.. A).
eclecticism. B). interactive associationism. C). reciprocal determinism. D). self-efficacy
expectations. E). interactionism. . . 25.. The idea of reciprocal determinism was developed by.
A). Bandura.. B). Rotter.. C). Skinner.. D). Cattell.. E). Mischel.. . . 26.. Which of the following
best describes Bandura's ideas about the relationship between behavior, cognition, and
environment?. A). Cognitions, behaviors, and the environment mutually influence each other..
B). Cognitions influence behaviors that, in turn, influence the environment.. C). Behaviors
influence cognitions that, in turn, influence the environment.. D). The environment and
cognitions jointly influence behavior.. E). The environment influences cognitions and behavior..
. . 27.. Who are the two main contributors to the humanistic perspective?. A). Jung and Adler.
B). Bandura and Rotter. C). Cattell and Allport. D). Murray and Rorschach. E). Maslow and
Rogers. . . 28.. According to humanists, personality is. A). one's consistent manner of behavior..
B). the interaction between genes and environment.. C). the expression of conscious experience
of directing ourselves towards achieving our own unique potentials.. D). determined by
reinforcement and punishment.. E). based on a hierarchy of pervasive characteristics.. . . 29..
Roger used the term ______ to describe acceptance of a person's basic worth under any
circumstance.. A). unconditional positive regard. B). self-actualization. C). self-esteem. D).
subjective value. E). conditional positive regard. . . 30.. Generalizing from Roger's ideas about
positive regard, which tactic should parents take with their children?. A). Prize their children
regardless of their behavior at any particular time.. B). Accept all of their children's behavior..
C). Bestow approval on their children only when they behave properly.. D). Teach their children
to judge their behavior based on whether or not they meet other people's expectations.. E).
Reward their children for appropriate behavior and ignore their inappropriate behavior.. . . 31..
The belief that people's character and mental abilities could be judged by the patterns of bumps
on their skull is called. A). psychometrics.. B). psychophysics.. C). phrenology.. D).
psychokinesis.. E). projective testing.. . . 32.. ______ are the most widely used method for
learning about personality today.. A). Formal personality tests. B). Case studies. C).
Observational techniques. D). Experimental studies. E). Phrenological studies. . . 33.. A(n)
______ culture is one that emphasizes social roles and obligations.. A). archetypal. B). selfactualized. C). individualistic. D). humanistic. E). collectivistic. . . 34.. Jacob and his friends like
to lie around on summer days, stare up at the clouds, and tell each other what they see in the
clouds. Their activity is most like which test of personality?. A). The Thematic Apperception
Test. B). The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory. C). The Rorschach test. D). The
16PF. E). The Eysenck Personality Inventory. . . 35.. Wanda takes a personality test in which she
is required to tell stories in response to a series of ambiguous pictures? Which test is Wanda
taking?. A). Rorschach test. B). Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory. C). Eysenck
Personality Inventory. D). Thematic Apperception Test. E). 16PF. . .
Answer Key. . 1.. A. 2.. A. 3.. B. 4.. D. 5.. E. 6.. E. 7.. B. 8.. C. 9.. B. 10.. D. 11.. B. 12.. C. 13..
D. 14.. E. 15.. E. 16.. B. 17.. B. 18.. D. 19.. A. 20.. E. 21.. B. 22.. A. 23.. E. 24.. E. 25.. A. 26.. A.
27.. E. 28.. C. 29.. A. 30.. A. 31.. C. 32.. A. 33.. E. 34.. C. 35.. D. . .
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