SBI 3U Final Examination Review
Genetic Continuity
Unit 2 Review Questions pages 192 to 195 # 1-9, 12, 13, 15-23
reasons for cell division (function of mitosis & meiosis)
phases of the cell cycle (specific functions of mitotic phases, cytokinesis and 3 phases of interphase)
structure of chromosomes
what is a clone? steps required to clone an animal
why was Dolly the sheep so special?
biotechnology
phases of meiosis (specific functions of each phase)
similarities and differences between mitosis and meiosis
process of gametogenesis (in both male and females)
process of nondisjunction
specific causes of nondisjunction disorders
karyotype chart creation and interpretation
interpret genotypes / phenotypes of parents, F1 and F2 progeny of the following crosses…
- single-trait inheritance (single allele and multiple allele)
- test crosses
- incomplete dominance and codomimance
- dihybrid crosses
- crosses involving sex-linked traits (why do males only require one allele in order to become
afflicted)
what is selective breeding, inbreeding and hybridization?
interpret pedigree charts
law of independent assortment
examples of human sex-linked traits
structure of DNA
human genome (what is the human genome project? what was the reason behind it?)
what is DNA fingerprint (overview of process)
key terms:
alleles
dihybrid cross
dominant
heredity
heterozygous
segregation
law of independent assortment
monohybrid cross
pedigree chart
phenotype
Punnett square
recessive
homozygous
hybridization
hybrids
genotype
selective breeding
phenotype
Internal Systems and Regulation
Unit 3 Review Questions pages 318 to 321 # 1-8, 10, 13, 18, 20
Function of the digestive system
How do other body systems depend on the digestive system? How is the digestive system dependent
on other systems?
4 components of digestion
2 factors that affect enzyme function
How is digestion different in protozoa, hydra, birds and humans?
The two voluntary movements in the digestive systems
Ingestion
- Function of saliva
- Names and functions of each type of teeth
- Function of tongue
- Function of esophagus
- What is peristalsis?
Digestion
- Function of stomach
- Function of digestive enzymes, HCl(aq), mucus and hormones and describe which organs
secretes these molecules and where
- How is the digestive tract protected from enzymes/acids and bases?
- Function of small intestine and pancreas
- Functions of liver and gall bladder
Absorption
- How does the small intestine allow nutrients to be absorbed more quickly?
- How/where is fat absorbed
- How/where are carbohydrates/amino acids absorbed
- Function and structure of large intestine
- Function of fibre in the human diet
- Names and functions of sphincters in the digestive tract
- passive transport (diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion)
concentration gradient
- active transport
endocytosis (pinocytosis, phagocytosis) and exocytosis
Function of the circulatory system
Open v. closed circulatory systems
Components of blood and their function
Process of blood clotting
Blood groups (their antigens and antibodies)
Function of arteries and veins
Differences of veins and arteries
Names of main blood vessels (see page 254 of textbook)
Pulmonary v. systemic v. cardiac circulatory systems
Structure (and their function) of the mammalian heart
How is cardiac muscle different from other types of muscles?
How does the heart maintain its tempo?
Cause of “lubb dubb” sounds of the heart
Normal adult blood pressure? What does each of the numbers mean?
Causes of cardiovascular disorders
Two forces that regulate fluid movement between the blood and extracellular fluid (ECF)
How do fluids move from the capillaries and ECF and vice versa – what are each of these processes
called?
How do starvation, hemorrhaging and an allergic reaction affect fluid movement?
Function of the respiratory system
4 parts of respiration
Function of respiratory membranes – skin, gills, lungs
Advantages of lungs
Countercurrent gas exchange in fish
cellular respiration
- products/reactants and function
- structure and role of ATP
- production of ATP (phosphorylation)
- types of respiration
- aerobic respiration VS. anaerobic respiration
Breathing
Pathway of air from the mouth to the lungs
Function of diaphragm and rib cage (including intercostal muscles)
External/Internal Respiration
How does the partial pressure of O2 and CO2 promote gas exchange and transport?
How is oxygen transported in the blood?
The three ways in which carbon dioxide is returned to the lungs for expiration
Mechanisms that maintain gas levels in the blood
Common characteristic of all respiratory disorders
Chapter 6 terms
amylase
bile salts
capillary
colon
duodenum
endoscope
enterokinase
erepsins
pepsin
gastrin
gastrovascular cavity
lacteals
lipases
microvilli
mucus
esophagus
peristalsis
pharynx
secretin
sphincters
trypsin
ulcer
villi
Chapter 7 terms
anemia
aneurysm
antibodies
antigen
aorta
arteriosclerosis
artery
atherosclerosis
atrioventricular
(AV) node
atrioventricular
(AV) valves
atria
autonomic nervous
system
coronary arteries
diastole
erythrocytes
interstitial
leukocytes
lymph
lymph nodes
lymphocytes
myogenic muscle
parasympathetic nerves
plasma
platelets
pulmonary circulatory
system
pulse
Purkinje fibres
bicuspid and tricuspid valves
septum
extracellular fluid (ECF)
filtration
sinoatrial (SA) node
sinus
sphygmomanometer
sympathetic nerves
systemic circulatory
system
systole
tissues
vasoconstriction
vasodilation
veins
ventricles
Chapter 8 terms
alveoli
breathing
bronchi
bronchioles
buffer
carbonic anhydrase
cilia
diaphragm
epiglottis
external intercostals muscles
inspiratory reserve volume
internal intercostal
muscles
larynx
pleural membrane
respiration
pleural membrane
trachea
oxyhemoglobin
carbaminohemoglobin
Dalton’s law of partial
pressure
Diversity of Living Things
5(6) kingdoms
Classify humans using the 7 levels of classification distinguishing features of each these categories
Format for writing organism’s genus and species
Use of dichotomous keys
What is a species?
Evolution – SEE pdf. under class documents for questions
Review Questions pages 382-389
#1-12, 14, 15, 17-19, 21-25, 28, 30-36, 38, 39, 42, 44, 45, 47-49, 53, 59-61, 63, 65, 66, 70, 73, 7481, 90, 91, 93, 96, 97, 105, 108
Progression of early ideas about evolution
Cuvier, Hutton, Lyell, Lamarck, Darwin, Gould
Concept of catastrophism, actualism, gradualism, uniformitarianism, inheritance of acquired
traits, natural selection
Concept of natural selection versus artificial selection
survival of the fittest, concept of adaptation
examples of evidence of evolution eg.- fossil records, molecular record, homologous vs.
analogous features, embryological development, vestigial structures, homologous genes and
pseudogenes and modern day paleontology (continental drift)
Patterns of selection – altruism, sexual, stabilizing, natural, cumulative, directional, and disruptive
selection
Evolutionary change without selection – genetic drift, gene flow, bottleneck effect, founder effect
Hardy-Weinberg principle – equation, conditions, purpose of calculations, limitations
Speciation
allopatric versus sympatric
reproductive isolating mechanisms
* prezygotic mechanisms (ecological, temporal, behavioural, mechanical, gametic
isolation)
* postzygotic mechanisms ) zygotic immortality, hybrid inviability and hybrid infertility)
Divergent and convergent evolution
adaptive radiation
coevolution
cumulative selection
Phylogeny – interpret phylogenetic trees to determine relatedness (cladograms)
Human evolution