Name: ___________________________
Maintaining Homeostasis: Nutrient Absorption
Digestive, Respiratory, Circulatory Systems
How many different systems do you see represented in the diagram below? 3
1. Digestive
2. Respiratory
3. Circulatory
Match each system with its function then complete the following table
System
What system do the products go to? (use arrows)
Function of system
Digestive
system
Circulatory system
To break down food into smaller
molecules that can be absorbed
Respiratory
system
Circulatory system
To take in oxygen from the
environment to be absorbed
Circulatory
system
Respiratory system (CO2), waste
To circulate food and oxygen for
respiration
Cellular Respiration :
C6H12O6 + 6O2
glucose + oxygen
6 CO2 + 6H2O + 36 ATP
carbon dioxide + water + energy
4. Where does the glucose come from? food
5. Where does the oxygen come from? breathing
6. What are the final products of cellular respiration? CO2, H2O and ATP
7. In which organelle does this take place in our cells? Mitochondria
Digestive Systems of Kingdom Animalia
Simple
Types of digestive
Filter feeder
systems:
Complex
Digestive cavity:
Digestive tract:
1 opening
2 openings
(Gastrovascular cavity)
Description of
Aquatic animals that
system:
strain tiny floating
organisms from water
Digestive chamber with
2 openings: mouth,
food entering and
anus.
waste exiting through
one opening.
Picture of system:
Examples
Sponges
Jellyfish, Sea Anemone,
Snails, oysters, squid,
Corals, Portuguese Man-of-
octopus, starfish, sand
War, Planaria (flatworm)
dollar, crayfish, spiders,
crabs, butterflies, humans
Tear off back page to cut and paste digestive system descriptions, pictures and examples
Homework: Complete Digestion of a Ham Sandwich WS
Human Digestive system
Purpose: converts food into simpler molecules that can be used by the cells of the body; absorbs food and
eliminates waste
Parts of the System:
 mouth
 pharynx
 esophagus
 stomach
 small intestine
 large intestine
 rectum/colon
 accessory organs include the salivary glands, liver, gall bladder, pancreas
How the Digestive System Works:
 Digestion begins in the mouth
o chemical digestion – salivary glands produce amylase which begins to break down sugars and
starches
o mechanical digestion – teeth grind and break down food into smaller pieces
 Esophagus – moves food from mouth to stomach using peristalsis. (smooth muscle contractions)
 stomach – food is combined with acids and enzymes (chemical digestion); the stomach muscles squeeze
and contract (mechanical digestion)
o chyme – partially digested food
o cardiac sphincter – ring of muscle at top of stomach to keep food inside
o pyloric sphincter – ring of muscle at bottom of stomach to keep food
pushed into small intestine from re-entering stomach
 small intestine – absorption of food molecules takes place here
o inner surface of small intestine heavily folded and lined with small finger-like
projections called villi
o this creates a large surface area for nutrient absorption



large intestine – absorbs water and compacts waste
rectum/anus – releases wastes outside the body
Smooth muscle lining the digestive organs moves food through in a one-way direction (peristalsis)
Accessory Organs of the Digestive System:


pancreas
o Produces insulin to regulate blood sugar levels
o Produces enzymes that break down carbohydrates,
proteins, lipids and nucleic acids
liver
o Produces bile, aids in the digestion of fats
o Bile is stored in a pouch under the liver, the gall bladder
Respiratory Systems of Kingdom Animalia
Homework: Journey of
Respiration pathway WS
How animals get 02
Simple
Types of
Diffusion
respiratory
through
system:
Gills
Complex
Tracheal tubes
Book lungs
Lungs
skin/cells
Structures
of system:
Adaptation
to land or
Water
Water
Terrestrial, land
Terrestrial, land
land
water?
Examples
Sponges, corals,
Fish, crayfish,
jellyfish,
lobsters, crabs
Insects
planarian,
earthworm
Human Respiratory System
Purpose:


Provides O2 to the blood for cellular respiration in the cells and
removes CO2 from the body
Exchange of gases occurs through the walls of the lungs
Structures:

Terrestrial,
Nasal Cavity (Nose)
o warms, filters, moistens air as it passes over mucous
membrane
Spiders
Mammals,
humans








Pharynx (Throat)
o Located where the passages from the nose and mouth come together
Epiglottis
o Flap of elastic tissue that forms a lid over the opening of the trachea
Larynx (Voice Box)
Aveoli
o Located between the pharynx and the trachea
o Contains two ligaments—vocal cords—that produce sound
(vibrate) when air
moves through them
Trachea (Windpipe)
o Tube through which air moves from the pharynx to the lungs (stiff cartilage)
Bronchi
o Two short tubes which direct air into right and left lungs
Bronchioles
o Millions of smaller tubes that branch off each bronchi
Alveoli
o Small sacs found at the end of the bronchioles that are surrounded by capillaries
 site of gas exchange: oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange places in the capillaries
Diaphragm
o Sheet of muscle below the lungs that separate chest cavity (thorax) from the abdominal
cavity
o Contracts and relaxes to help inflate and deflate the lungs
Respiratory Processes:
 Breathing:
o the movement of air into and out of the lungs
 External Respiration
o the exchange of O2 and CO2 between the
blood in the capillaries of the alveoli and the
air
o occurs in the lungs

Internal Respiration (Cellular Respiration):
o the process by which cells get energy
from the breakdown of glucose in the
presence of oxygen
o occurs in the mitochondria
of the cells
Let’s review:

After food is broken down/digested, what system do the molecules diffuse to? __Circulatory ______________

After you take a breath, in to what system does the oxygen diffuse to? _______Circulatory_________________
Circulatory Systems of Kingdom Animalia
Simple
Types of circulatory
Complex
Diffusion through skin/cells
Open circulatory
Closed circulatory
system
system
system:
Blood is not contained in
Blood is contained within a
Organisms are thin and most of their
a network of blood
network of blood vessels
cells are close to the external
vessels
Description of
system:
environment so materials can pass
easily in to and out of their bodies
Picture of
system:
Examples
Flatworms
Insects, crustaceans,
Squid, octopus, Mammals,
snails, oysters
humans
Human Circulatory System
Purpose: To transport oxygen and nutrients to all the cells in the body and to take carbon dioxide and wastes
away from the cells of the body.
Homework: Complete the blood and heart worksheet
Structures:






heart: main organ that pumps blood
blood vessels: tubes through which blood travels
blood: liquid including red and white blood cells and platelets
o plasma: thick, yellowish liquid in which blood cells are suspended
o red blood cells: carry O2 and remove CO2 (transported by the protein hemoglobin)
o white blood cells: help fight disease
o platelets: help form blood clots
arteries: carry blood away from heart
veins: carry blood toward heart
capillaries: smallest blood vessels
Big ideas:
1. Where does the circulatory system take the molecules from your food and oxygen from your lungs?
_________________________________________________________________________________
2. What process do your cells use oxygen and molecules (glucose) for?
_________________________________________________________________________________
3. What do we get from this process?
_________________________________________________________________________________
Blood and Heart WS goes here.
Sent separately, but can be added in to the packet when copying
Journey of Respiration Pathway
Take the following words and place them in the correct order starting with a molecule of oxygen entering the
nose and ending with a molecule of carbon dioxide leaving the nose.
trachea
trachea
nasal cavity
nasal cavity
1.
NOSE
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8. CELLS of the BODY
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
NOSE
bronchioles
bronchioles
bronchi
bronchi
alveoli
alveoli
capillary
capillary
Digestion of a Ham Sandwich
For lunch yesterday, you ate a ham sandwich. Your sandwich was made of two pieces of bread, one
piece of ham, one piece of cheese, and the sandwich also had mayonnaise on it as well. By now it
has left your body. What happened to that sandwich? Answer the following questions.
There are four components to your sandwich: bread, ham, cheese and mayonnaise. What kinds of
life substances are found in each component (lipid, carbohydrate, or protein)?
Bread
Ham
Cheese
Mayonnaise
After digestion has occurred, each life substance is broken down into a smaller substance, what are
these smaller substances?
Proteins break down into
Lipids break down into
Carbohydrates break down into
Write down the entire digestion process for this ham sandwich from start to finish. Make sure to explain what is
happening in each organ and describe how each organ is involved.
Mouth: _____________________________________________________________________________
_______________
Esophagus: ___________________________________________________________________________
________________
Stomach: _____________________________________________________________________________
________________
Liver: ________________________________________________________________________________
_______________
Pancreas: _____________________________________________________________________________
________________
Small Intestine: ________________________________________________________________________
_________________
Large Intestine: ________________________________________________________________________
________________
Anus: _________________________________________________________________________________
_________________
Cut and Paste: Digestive Systems of Kingdom Animalia:
Digestive chamber
with food entering
Sponges
and waste exiting
through one opening.
2 openings: mouth,
Jellyfish, Sea Anemone,
anus.
Corals, Portuguese Manof-War, Planaria (flatworm)
Snails, oysters, squid,
Aquatic animals that strain
octopus, starfish, sand
tiny floating organisms from
dollar, crayfish, spiders,
water
crabs, butterflies, humans