Unit 8: Physiology
Left Side
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Right Side
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Unit Page
48
Table of Contents
49
Neuron/Synapse
50
C.N. – Control Systems
51
Homeostasis
52
Section 35-2
53
Flow Map: Blood Glucose
54
Flow Map: Leptin & Hunger
55
Tree Map: Body
Maintenance Systems
56
C.N. Body Maintenance
Systems
57
Word Bank: Maintenance
Systems
59
Word Bank: Control Systems 58
Body Maintenance Systems
Circulatory
Respiratory
Digestive
Body Maintenance Systems


Body maintenance systems have
complementary activities to provide
cells with oxygen and nutrients and
remove toxic waste and carbon dioxide
Together, they work to maintain
homeostasis.



I. Circulatory System
II. Respiratory System
III. Digestive System
Cellular Respiration: use glucose & O2
C6H12O6 + 6 O2  6 CO2 + 6 H2O + ATP energy
glucose + oxygen  Carbon dioxide + water + energy
Happens in the MITOCHONDRIA
3 Steps of Respiration:
MITOCHONDRIA
1. Glycolysis
2. Krebs Cycle
3. Electron Transport Chain (ETC)
I. Circulatory System

FUNCTION: Transportation and
delivery system that…



1) Delivers O2 & nutrients to cells
2) Removes CO2 & wastes from cells
ORGANS: heart, blood vessels, &
blood

Heart: 4 chambered muscle that beats
constantly to pump blood through vessels
 Atrium: upper chambers that receive
blood returning from body and lungs
 Ventricles: lower chambers that pump
blood to body and lungs
 Right side:


deoxygenated blood
Left side:

Oxygenated blood

Blood Vessels



Arteries: carry blood away from heart to
body or lungs
Veins: carry blood to the heart from the
body or lungs
Capillaries: tiny blood vessels where
nutrients and gases are exchanged between
blood and cells

Blood

Transports and exchanges oxygen,
carbon dioxide, nutrients, and waste
II. Respiratory System

FUNCTION: Respiration


Respiration: breathing O2 in and CO2
out
Occurs between the…



1. Environment & lungs (breathing)
2. Cells & the blood in capillaries (cellular
respiration)
ORGANS: nose, pharynx, larynx,
trachea, bronchi, lungs, alveoli

The Path of O2




1) Nose/Mouth - air enters
body
2) Pharynx - passageway for
food & air
3) Larynx - vocal chords
4) Trachea - windpipe (rings
prevent collapse)


5) Bronchi (2) - take air to each lung
6) Alveoli - small air sacs surrounded
by capillaries where O2 is exchanged
for CO2
III. Digestive System

FUNCTIONS:




1. Digestion: the breakdown of food into
simple molecules
2. Absorption: nutrients in the digestive
tract move into the blood
3. Elimination: getting rid of wastes
ORGANS: mouth, esophagus,
stomach, liver, pancreas, small
intestine, large intestine, rectum

The Path of Food

1. Mouth

Teeth and saliva digest food mechanically
and chemically

2. Esophagus

Food tube squeezes food by peristalsis

3. Stomach

Muscle that mixes food with acid and enzymes

4. Small Intestine

Chemical digestion
occurs and nutrients are
absorbed into blood
(circulatory system)


Pancreas: secretes
digestive enzymes into
small intestine and insulin
to control blood glucose
levels
Liver: stores sugars as
glycogen and secretes
bile, stored in gall bladder

5. Large Intestine


Water is reabsorbed
from waste
6. Rectum

Waste collects here to
be passed out of anus
Review
Cellular Respiration:
glucose + oxygen  Carbon dioxide + water + ATP energy
Digestive Respiratory Respiratory
&
&
&
Circulatory Circulatory Circulatory
body cells