Thematic plan
of practical classes at laboratory diagnostics for the 4-th year students of pharmaceutical
faculty (profession - pharmacy) for the VII semester of 2015/2016 educational year
№п/п Topics
1.
Clinical examination of sputum specimens. Physiology of sputum formation.
Structure and types of sputum specimens. Sputum speciment collection and
general properties of sputum. Diagnostic value of sputum in pulmonology.
Macro-and microscopic study of sputum. Making sputum speciments for
microscopic examination.
2.
Sputum at different diseases: pneumonia, abscess, gangrene, pulmonary
tuberculosis, lung cancer, asthma, COPD.
hours
2
2
3.
Changes of clinical sputum specimens under the influence of drugs, their value 2
for evaluating of the drug therapy efficacy. Antitussive agents. Mucolytics and
expectorants, their influence on the composition and expectoration of sputum.
Drugs that cause respiratory system damage.
4.
Pleural effusion. Clinical types of pleural effusion, the study of physical and
chemical properties, microscopic and microbiological examination. Transudate
and exudate, their signs.
5.
General information about the structure and function of gastrointestinal tract.
2
Methods of stomach functional state examination (fractional study of gastric
juice pH meter). Technique of gastric contents obtaining and conduction of
clinical analysis. Diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection. Laboratory
diagnosis of gastritis, ulcer of stomach. Effects of drugs on the results of
gastric contents (stimulant of gastric secretion, gastric secretion inhibitors).
Maastricht Conference recommendations on eradication of Helicobacter pylori.
6.
General information about liver and it's functions. Laboratory methods of liver
functional state examination (pigment, protein, carbohydrate, fat, mineral
metabolism, studies of liver enzymes, liver detoxification, excretion).
Laboratory syndromes of liver damage (cytolysis, mesenchymal inflammation,
hepatocellular failure, cholestasis). Biochemical markers of liver fibrosis.
Serological methods for diagnosis of viruses that cause hepatitis. Laboratory
diagnosis of chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis.
2
7.
Hepatotoxicity of drugs, drugs with hepatoprotective effect. Drugs, that
influence on the activity of microsomal liver enzymes.
2
8.
General knowlege about gallbladder and bile ducts. Technique of duodenal
content collection. Examination of duodenal contents. Chemical examination
of bile. Microscopic examination of duodenal contents. Laboratory and
functional diagnosis of cholecystitis, dyskinesia and cholelithyasis. Effects of
drugs on the results of duodenal contents. Drugs affecting the production of
bile , its composition and bile flow.
2
2
9.
General knowlege about incretory and excretory function of pancreas.
Probes and other methods of pancreatic excretory function. Identification of
pancreatic enzymes in the blood. Determination of fecal elastase, breathing
tests in the diagnosis of excretory function. of pancreas. Laboratory diagnosis
of chronic pancreatitis.
2
10.
Clinical examination of feces. Coprogram in normal and pathological
conditions, fecal occult blood feces test, detection of helminths and protozoa
in feces simple. Interpretation of study results. Laboratory diagnostics of
intestine diseases (enteritis, colitis). Main pharmacological classes of drugs
that cause diarrhea. Antidiarrhoeal remedies, their mechanism of action.
2
11.
Physiological characteristics of urine formation in humans. Principles of urine
collection and examination. Value of general urine test. General properties of
urine. Physical properties of urine: normal daily urine output, urinary
frequency, specific gravity of urine, color, transparency of urine. Methods of
urine ph determination . Methods for determination of urinary protein, glucose,
ketone bodies, bilirubin and urobilin. Investigation of urine by Zimnitskiy's
method, its value. Microscopic examination of urinary sediment. Methods of
quantification of formed elements in the urinary sediment (Nechyporenko,
Kakovsky-Addis, Amburzhe). Features of main indicators of clinical urine
test, depending on the person's age and different physiological states
(pregnancy, hypothermia, excessive physical and mental stress). Clinical diagnostic value of urinary sediment changes at pyelonephritis and urolithiasis.
Main pharmacological classes of drugs that cause pathological changes in the
urinary system, the mechanism of their action.
2
12.
Laboratory diagnostics of glomerulonephritis, chronic renal failure.
2
13.
Complete blood count. General knowledge about the composition of blood and
hemapoiesis. General information about erythropoiesis. Factors that affect
erythropoiesis. Morphology and function of erythrocytes. Degenerative
changes of erythrocytes. Reticulocytes. Hemoglobin. Normal blood content.
Methods for the quantitative determination of hemoglobin. Olihohromiya,
hiperhromiya. Determination of color index. Determination of erythrocyte's
resistance. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). Methods for determination
of ESR. Changes in erythrocyte sedimentation rate in various diseases.
2
14.
Introduction to leucopoesis. Factors affecting leucopoesis. Disorders of
leukopoiesis: leukemia, leukopenia, leukocytosis, agranulocytosis. Leukocyte's
formula. Types of leukocyte's formula at the most common diseases of the
internal organs.
2
15.
Laboratory diagnosis of anemias (iron, B-12, folate-deficiency, hemolytic).
Hematological characteristics of main anemia syndromes.
2
16.
Laboratory diagnosis of leukemia. Hematological characteristics of
2
hemoblastoses. Clinical study of bone marrow punctate, its diagnostic value.
Morphology of bone marrow cells.
17.
Drugs and pathology of blood. Basic mechanisms of drug-induced anemia.
Drugs used to stimulate erythropoiesis. Indication for iron, vitamin B12, folic
acid. drugs administration. Drugs that often cause depression of leukopoiesis,
stimulation of leukopoiesis.
2
18.
Laboratory diagnostics of hemorrhagic syndromes (Haemophilia,
thrombocytopathy, thrombocytopenia, disseminated intravascular coagulation
syndrome). Clinical study of hemostasis. Components of the system of
hemostasis. Methods of vascular-platelet's hemostasis, coagulation and
fibrinolysis evaluation. Physiological anticoagulants.
2
19.
Main pharmacological classes of drugs that affect hemostasis (anticoagulants,
antiplatelet agents, fibrinolytics).
2
20.
The final module control - differential offset.
2
Total amount of hours
40
Chief of the chair of internal medicine
of medical faculty № 2
Prof. Zhebel V. N.