Schedule of LESSONS on LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICS
for the Fourth Year Pharmacy Students
No
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
THEME
Hours
Substantial module No 1. Introduction to laboratory diagnosis. Laboratory methods of blood, urine and sputum
examination. Methods of gastrointestinal tract investigation.
Subject and objectives of laboratory diagnosis course. Role of clinical, laboratory, instrumental and
2
functional methods as criteria of patient’s drug therapy efficacy and safety. Ways to possible effects of
drugs on laboratory parameters. The value of laboratory diagnosis in pharmacist practice.
The concept of the body thermoregulation. Body temperature in normal and pathological processes,
2
methods of measurement. Factors that influence on body temperature fluctuations. Diagnostic value of
low-grade, febrile, hyperthermic body temperature and fever. Feverish state.
General information about the composition of blood. The main clinical indicators of blood. General
2
information about erythropoiesis. Factors that affect erythropoiesis. Morphology and function of red
blood cells. Degenerative changes of erythrocytes. Reticulocytes. Haemoglobin. Normal content of the
blood.
Leukocyte formula. Typical orthocytosis with the most common diseases of the internal organs.
2
Haematological characteristics of haemoblastoses. Clinical study of bone punctate, its diagnostic value.
Morphology of bone marrow cells. The main pharmacological groups of drugs that cause pathological
changes in haemopoietic system and mechanisms of action.
Principles of urine collecting and overall clinical urinalysis. General properties of urine. Physical
2
properties of urine: normal daily urine output, urinary frequency, relative density, colour, transparency
urine. Methods of urine pH establishing. Methods of urinary protein, glucose, ketone, bilirubin, urobilin
determination.
Microscopic examination of the urinary sediment. Methods of formed elements in the urinary sediment
2
quantitative determination. Features of the main indicators of urine clinical analysis depending on the
person's age and various physiological states (pregnancy, hypothermia, excessive physical and mental
stress).
Clinical and diagnostic value of urinary sediment changes in various diseases. The main
pharmacological groups of drugs that cause pathological changes in the urinary system, and mechanisms
of action.
Rules of sputum collecting and general properties of sputum. Diagnostic value of sputum in
2
pulmonology. Macro- and microscopic investigation of sputum. Preparation for microscopic
examination. Sputum in various diseases: bronchitis, asthma, pneumonia, pulmonary tuberculosis, lung
cancer. Changes clinical analysis of sputum under the influence of drugs, and their importance to assess
the pharmacotherapy efficacy
Technique of gastric contents obtaining for clinical analysis. Methods of stomach functional
2
investigation: probe and no probe methods.
Technique of duodenal contents obtaining. Duodenal contents investigation. Chemical studies of bile.
2
Microscopic examination of duodenal contents. Effect of drugs on the results of gastric and duodenal
contents tests.
2
Substantial modular control.
Substantial module No 2. Effect of drugs on laboratory parameters.
Medicines and blood pathology. Basic mechanisms of drug-induced anaemia. Drugs used to stimulate
2
erythropoiesis. Iron preparations prescribing. Vitamin B12 and folic acid prescribing. Drugs, which often
cause leucopoiesis depression. Drugs recommended for leucopoiesis stimulation.
Drugs that inhibit platelet function. Anticoagulants, antiplatelet agents, fibrinolytics. Haemostatic drugs.
2
Adverse hematologic affects of different groups drugs.
Drugs and pathology of the urinary system. Basic mechanisms of nephrotoxicity of drugs.
2
Nephrotoxicity of certain drugs. Principles of drugs nephrotoxicity prevention.
Drugs that cause damage of respiratory system. Antitussive agents. Mucolytics, expectorant.
2
Composition of gastric juice. Method of intragastric pH determination. Stimulants of gastric secretion.
2
Inhibitors of gastric secretion. The Maastricht conference (2000) recommendations on Helicobacter
pilori eradication.
Analysis of duodenal contents. Medicines, which influence on liver microsomal enzymes activity.
2
Hepatotoxicity of drugs. Hepatotoxic drugs. Medicines with hepatoprotective effect, affecting production
2
of bile and their flow and composition.
Medicines that can cause diarrhoea. Antidiarrhoeal medicines. Anthelmintic drugs.
2
2
Substantial modular control.
2
Final modular control.
Total:
40 hours
Acting chief of Toxicological and Analytical Chemistry Department
M. Kucher, PhD
Schedule of LECTURES on LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICS
for the Fourth Year Pharmacy Students
No
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
THEME
Diagnosis of diseases by appearance of the face and body, physiological parameters
and the body temperature.
Subject and objectives of laboratory diagnosis course. Role of clinical, laboratory,
instrumental and functional methods of patient’s investigation as criteria of drug
therapy efficacy and safety. Ways to possible effects of drugs on laboratory
parameters. The value of laboratory diagnosis in pharmacist practice.
Clinical studies of blood system. General information about the blood composition.
The main clinical indicators of blood system. General information about
erythropoiesis. Factors that affect erythropoiesis. Degenerative changes of
erythrocytes. Reticulocytes. Haemoglobin. Normal content of the blood. Effect of
drugs on laboratory tests results.
Physiological characteristics of urine formation in humans. Features of main
indicators of urine clinical analysis depending on the person's age and various
physiological states (pregnancy, hypothermia, excessive physical and mental stress).
Clinical and diagnostic value of urinary sediment changes in various diseases. Effect
of drugs on laboratory tests results.
Clinical investigation of respiratory system. Diagnostic value of sputum in
pulmonology. Sputum in various diseases: bronchitis, asthma, pneumonia,
pulmonary tuberculosis, lung cancer. Changes clinical analysis of sputum under the
influence of drugs, and their importance to assess of pharmacotherapy efficacy.
Effect of drugs on laboratory tests results.
Total:
Hours
2
2
2
2
2
10 hours
SCHEDULE of INDIVIDUAL WORK on LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICS
for Fourth Year Pharmacy Students
Autumn
No
Theme
Hours
1. History of clinical diagnosing.
4
2. General information about leucopoiesis. Factors affecting leucopoiesis. Violation of
4
leucopoiesis: leukemia, leukopenia, leukocytosis, agranulocytosis.
3. Hematological characteristics of hemoblastoses. Clinical study of bone marrow punctate,
6
its diagnostic value. Morphology of bone marrow cells.
4. The value of overall clinical urinalysis as a criterion of efficiency and safety of drug
4
therapy.
5. Physiology sputum formation. Making preparations for microscopic examination.
4
6. General information about the structure and function of gastrointestinal tract.
6
7. General information about duodenal contents.
4
8. Composition and normal parameters of peripheral blood chemical analysis. Basic
4
concepts of blood system physiology and pathology; the criteria for evaluation.
9. Composition and normal parameters of standard urinalysis. Basic concepts of urinary
6
system physiology and pathology.
10. Structure and analysis of sputum.
4
11. Composition of gastric juice. Method of intra-gastric pH measurement.
6
12. Phases of bile formation. Duodenal contents. Concepts of bile physiology and pathology.
4
13. Preparation to modular control.
2
Total
58
Acting Chief of Toxicological and Analytical Chemistry Department
M. Kucher, PhD