Study Guide for Examination Three
The Exam will cover all material in Mitosis, Meiosis, Mistakes that lead to gene variation, Simple Genetics,
Variations from Simple Inheritance, How to make a copy of DNA, how to make RNA from DNA, How to make
proteins, All topics in Biotechnology.
1.
Know the cell cycle, the events that occur in each phase and how long each phase lasts.
2.
What is the difference between a chromosome, tetrad, homologous chromosome, chromatin and sister
chromatid?
3.
Know what happens in each phase of mitosis and meiosis?
4.
What is the difference in a cell plate and a cleavage furrow and when do each form?
5.
Know allele, homozygous, heterozygous, recessive and dominant forms.
6.
How are sperm and egg formed
7.
What are gametes are they diploid or haploid?
8.
Difference in haploid and diploid cells
9.
What is the anatomy of a chromosome, what is and where does the spindle attach to a chromosome?
10.
Know Mendel’s work on Monohybrid and Dihybrid Crosses, expected phenotypic and genotypic ratios
and why.
11.
What is the difference between a true-breeding and a hybrid?
12.
When is a trait considered sex- linked, dominant, codominant, incomplete dominant?
13.
When is a cell considered haploid vs diploid and give examples of each?
14.
What is a gamete vs a zygote and how does each form?
15.
What is genotype and phenotype?
16.
What are the possible gametes when parent is heterozygous for two traits vs homozygous for two traits?
17.
Define allele and mutation?
18.
Know the difference between Sickled Cell Anemia vs Huntington’s Disease and how and why frequency
of inheritance of the diseases are so different.
19.
Know how to do a basic genetic cross of a single trait (monohybrid) vs one involving two traits (dihybrid).
20.
Know the basic genetics of Sex-Linked inheritance
21.
Disorders related to Meiosis, such as: non-dysjunction, translocation, chromosomal deletion, insertion,
inversions.
22.
Characteristics and causes of Klienfelters Syndrome, Turners Syndrome, Down’s Syndrome
23.
The meaning of the Central Dogma
24.
Differences in DNA, RNA and protein
25.
Who is Darwin, Mendel, Watson, Newton
26.
What are Mendel’s two laws of Inheritance
27.
Describe transcription and translation and discuss all enzymes, structures or molecules involved in each.
Where does each occur in the cell?
28.
What are the three types of RNA and what does each do during translation?
29.
Define Biotechnology, Recombinant DNA, Cloning, Plasmid, and Restriction Enzymes, What is gel
electrophoresis, RFLP, GMO, gene therapy.and PCR.
30.
What is the Complimentary base pairing between DNA-DNA and DNA –RNA. What
enzymes are
involved?
31.
What are the three enzymes in DNA replication?
32.
What is the codon, anticodon binding and what molecules are involved.
33.
Where does translation occur in eukaryotic cells?
34.
Where does transcription occur?
35.
What is gene expression and how is it regulated in cells?
36.
How can you clone a protein and an organism?
37.
How the Lac Operon works including the promoter, operator and the role of the lactose, the z,and y
genes.
Gene Expression
What is the role of the promoter, operator, repressor, and the z, y and a genes.