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Chapter 7 Cell Structure & Function Class Presentation Questions
CH 7-1 Life Is Cellular
1. Define Cell.
2. _________________ was the first person to see & identify cells (he “coined” the term “cells”).
3. ________________ was the first to observe LIVING cells under the microscope…the first to see tiny living
organisms in a drop of pond water.
4. In 1855, Mathias Shleiden (German Botanist) stated that
____________________________________________________________________________________.
5. Theodor Schwann (German Biologist) stated
that________________________________________________________________________________.
6. Rudolf Virchow (German Physician) stated
_____________________________________________________________________________________.
7. State the three components of the Cell Theory.
8. Cells are grouped into two broad categories based on whether or not they have
a(n)____________________________.
9. The cell theory applies to ______________ ________________ _______________ (which includes bacteria,
plants, animals, multicellular organisms);
10. _________________________(No TRUE nucleus)…SINGLE celled organism that lacks a nucleus. The genetic
material floats freely in the cell. _______________ are examples of this type or organism.
11. ________________________(TRUE Nucleus)…Cells that DO contain a NUCLEUS that is enclosed by a
membrane; This type or organism is typically larger and has membrane-bound organelles that also are
enclosed by a membrane (Organisms can be single cellular OR multicellular; Fungi, all plants, animals are of
this cell type ;
12. Where is the genetic material of a eukaryotic cell found?
13. ______________________-specialized structure that performs important cellular functions within a eukaryotic
cell….each of these cellular structures has a specific job to do.
14. If a cell contains a ______________________, it must be a eukaryote. Draw a simple picture of a eukaryotic cell.
15. List 3 ways that eukaryotes & prokaryotes differ.
7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structures
1. List and describe three basic structures that MOST cells (eukaryotic cells) have in common.
2. In a eukaryote, the material between the cell membrane & the nucleus is the __________________.
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3. The main function of the ______________________________ is to provide support & function for the cell. It is
made up of tough fibers (carbohydrates & proteins). These fibers are produced by the cell & released by the
_________________________________________.
4. What is the main function of the nucleus?
5. The nucleus is important to cells because it contains coded instructions for making ________________ & contains
nearly all of the cell’s ________________.
6. The granular material you can see in the nucleus is called ________________. During cell division this material
condenses to form CHROMOSOMES!
7. Define Chromosome8. ______________________-small dense region within the nucleus where the assembly of ribosomes begins.
9.______________________________-double membrane layer that surrounds the nucleus of the cell. It is porous,
allowing materials to enter & leave the nucleus.
10. __________________________-small round organelles in the cell on which proteins are made. They are found
floating in the cytoplasm or may be found attached to the endoplasmic reticulum.
11. ___________________________-means “cell”;
12. _____________________ ___________________________-Internal membrane system in cells in which
components of the cell membrane are assembled & some proteins are modified.
13. List & describe the two typed of Endoplasmic Reticulum.
14. __________________________-Cell organelle filled with enzymes needed to BREAK DOWN certain materials
within the cell. They break down old organelles & also remove debris from the cell.
15. __________________________________-STACK of membranes in the cell in which enzymes attach
carbohydrates & lipids to proteins. From here…proteins are sent to their final destinations! “Packaging
Center/UPS”
16. ________________________________-cell organelle that STORES materials such as water, salts, proteins, &
carbohydrates. VERY LARGE in plant cells! Absent in animal cells.
17. ________________________________organelle found only in PLANT CELLS & SOME other cells but NOT in
animals or fungi…contains chlorophyll & uses ENERGY from the sun to make energy rich food molecules in a
process known as photosynthesis.
18.________________________________organelle that USES ENERGY from food to make HIGH energy compounds
that the cell can use for growth, development & movement.
19. _______________________________ & ___________________________________change energy from one form to
another…
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20. _____________________________-supporting structure AND transportation system of the cell…made up of a
network of protein filaments within some cells. This structure helps maintain the cells shape & is involved in many
forms of cell movement.
21. _______________________& _____________________________ make up the cytoskeleton of the cell.
22. _________________________ are especially important in cell division (animal cells)…they help separate
chromosomes & form a pair of structures called CENTRIOLES. * Plant cells do not have centrioles!
23. Microtubules can help form ______________, hair-like projections & ______________, whip-like
projections…both aid in movement of the cell.
24. ____________________-hollow tubes of protein that maintain cell shape & can also serve as “tracks” along
which organelles are moved.
25. ____________________-long thin fibers that function in the movement & support of the cell…they are fairly
narrow.
26. Cilia & flagella are made of protein filaments called ________________.
27. What are three major differences between plant & animal cells?
CH 7-3 Cell Boundaries
1. Describe the specific make up of the cell membrane.
2. What is the function of the cell membrane?
3. Define diffusion & then draw a picture to illustrate this definition.
4. Does Diffusion require energy from the cell?
5. _________________-the diffusion of WATER through a selectively permeable membrane.
6. What is meant by the equilibrium of a solution?
7. ___________________= “Same Strength”; __________________=”Above Strength”;
_________________________=”Below Strength”;
8. Cells placed in an isotonic solution will________________________________________water.
The concentration of the solutes is the SAME inside & outside the cell.
9. In a HYPERtonic solution animal cells ____________________& plant cell vacuoles ______________. The
SOLUTION has a higher SOLUTE concentration than the cell.
10. In a HYPOtonic solution, animal cells ____________________& plant cell
vacuoles__________________________________________________. The SOLUTION has a lower SOLUTE
concentration than the cell.
11. What would happen to a cell like a red blood cell if PLACED IN PURE WATER?
12. What is FACILITATED diffusion?
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13. __________________ _____________________ uses the CELL’s energy to move materials across a cell
membrane against (from low to high) the concentration gradient.
14. Define endocytosis & exocytosis…(they are both forms of active transport!)
15. _____________________ is one form of active transport/endocytosis that is referred to as “cell eating”. For an
amoeba, the cytoplasm extends to surround & engulf large particles of food. (see page 188 figure 7-18)
16. ___________________is a form of active transport/exocytosis (“cell drinking”) where cells take up liquid from
the surrounding environment. Tiny pockets form along the cell membrane, fill with liquid & pinch off to form
vacuoles within the cell.
CH 7-4 The Diversity of Cellular Life
1. A single-celled organism is also called a(n)________________ organism.
2. Organisms made up of more that one cell are called ____________________.
3. __________________ ________________________ refers to the way that cells throughout an organism can
develop in different ways to perform different tasks.
4. _____________ ____________ __________________ are specialized to transport oxygen.
5. The human ability to move is result of specialized cell structures of _______________ cells.
6. Specialized plant cells called _______________ _________________ help regulate the opening and closing of
“stomata” on the back side of plant leaves…helping to regulate gas exchange of carbon dioxide, water &
oxygen with the plant.
7. List the levels of organization in a multicellular organism….beginning with cells.