76 Ericaceae (Draft: B.A. Yurtsev)
THIS DRAFT HAS ONLY BEEN DISCUSSED SUPERFICIALLY
Comments:
(1)
As we generally have decided to have as few taxonomic levels as possible, and none
between family and genus, the subfamilies and tribes of Yurtsev's draft are omitted in
the running text and will also be omitted here in the next version. They are: subfam.
Rhododendriodeae with tribes Rhododendreae (Ledum, Rhododendron and
Therorhodion) and Phyllodoceae (Loiseleuria, Kalmia and Phyllodoce), subfam.
Ericoideae with tribus Calluneae (Calluna), and subfam. Vaccinioideae with tribes
Cassiopeae (Cassiope and Harrimanella), Andromedeae (Andromeda and
Chamaedaphne), Arbuteae (Arctostaphylos and Arctous) and Vaccinieae (Vaccinium
and Oxycoccus). (Elven)
(2)
The genus Bryanthus Steller ex Pallas, in its species B. gmelinii D. Don, is found in
Verkhoturov Island in the southern part of the Koryak Coast (Russian Far East),
outside the Arctic as accepted here. (Yurtsev)
(3)
And then we don't need to refer to it at all, not even in a comment. There are very
many genera that occur just outside the Arctic as defined. (Elven)
76.1 Ledum L. (1753), Sp. Pl. 391.
S
Rhododendron L. subsect. Ledum (L.) Kron & Judd (1990), Syst. Bot. 15: 67.
Comments:
(1)
Even if there are good arguments for inclusion of Ledum in Rhododendron (see Kron
& Judd 1990, Syst. Bot. 15), I propose that we keep them separate in the checklist to
keep in accordance with a still very prevalent practice. (Elven)
The Ledum palustre aggregate (L. groenlandicum, L. palustre)
Comments:
(1)
Two good justifications for Yurtsev's proposed treatment are: (a) That L.
groenlandicum and L. palustre s. str. are allopatric whereas subsp. palustre and
subsp. decumbens are sympatric through much of Russia (but so are L.
groenlandicum and L. palustre subsp. decumbens through much of North America
and Greenland); and (b) That there are indications that L. groenlandicum is diploid
whereas L. palustre s. lat. is tetraploid. The alternatives are either to follow Hultén's
view of three subspecies of L. palustre or to treat all three as species. From
morphology, they could be treated as equals. However, if a consistent ploidy
difference is documented, I would support Yurtsev's view. (Elven)
76.1.1 Ledum groenlandicum Oeder (1771), Fl. Dan. 4 (10): 5.
S
L. palustre L. subsp. groenlandicum (Oeder) Hultén (1948), Lunds Univ. Årsskr., n.
s., avd. 2, 44, 1: 1219; Rhododendron groenlandicum (Oeder) Kron & Judd (1990),
Syst. Bot. 15: 67.
2n=
26 (2x).
2nD
Löve & Löve (1975) list five counts, three as arctic.
G
ALA CAN GRL
Comments:
WARNING! Possibly as a subspecies of L. palustre.
76.1.2 Ledum palustre L. (1753), Sp. Pl. 391.
S
Rhododendron palustris (L.) Kron & Judd (1990), Syst. Bot. 15: 67.
Comments:
(1)
The [geographic] boundary between the subspecies needs specification as well as
their rank. (Yurtsev)
76.1.2.1 Ledum palustre L. subsp. palustre
S
2n=
52 (4x).
2nD
Hämet-Ahti et al. (1986 Finl).
G
NOR RUS SIB RFE
Comments:
76.1.2.2 Ledum palustre L. subsp. decumbens (Aiton) Hultén (1930), Kungl. Sv. Vetensk.Akad. Handl., ser. 3, 8, 2: 8.
B
L. palustre L. var. decumbens Aiton (1789), Hort. Kew. 2: 65.
S
L. decumbens (Ait.) Lodd. ex Steud. (1841), Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 2: 20.
2n=
(1) 26. (2) 52.
2nD
(1) ? (2) Löve & Löve (1975) list three counts as arctic.
G
RUS SIB RFE ALA CAN GRL
Comments:
(1)
Yurtsev proposes to include the following: X Ledodendron Francis de Vos (1962),
Quart. Bull. Amer. Rhododendron Soc. 16: 272 [Ledum L. x Rhododendron L.], with
X Ledodendron vanhoeffenii (Abromeit) Dalgaard & Fredskild (1993), Nord. J. Bot.
13: 255; basionym: Rhododendron valhoeffeni Abromeit (1899), Biblioth. Bot. 42(2):
51 [Ledum palustre L. subsp. decumbens (Ait.) Hultén x Rhododendron lapponicum
(L.) Wahlenb.]. This genus and species should be not be included as this Greenland
plant is a primary hybrid, possibly with some local vegetative spread, but without any
efficient reproduction. See Dalgaard & Fredskild (1993): "All plants are completely
seed sterile, containing aborted seeds only". Also found to be nearly fully pollen
sterile. (Elven)
(2)
We agree to treat X Ledodendron only as a comment. (Yurtsev & Elven)
WARNING! The 'decumbens' entity possibly as a separate species.
76.2 Rhododendron L. (1753), Sp. Pl. 392.
Comments:
(1)
Kron & Judd (1990, Syst. Bot. 15: 57-68) analysed the relationships among the
genera close to Rhododendron and argue strongly for inclusion of Ledum in
Rhododendron, even at as low level as a subsection of one of the eight subgenera. At
the same time they presented convincing evidence for accepting Therorhodion as a
separate genus. We probably cannot at the same time retain Ledum as genus and hide
Therorhodion in Rhododendron. I have therefore accepted Therorhodion as a separate
genus below, even if there may be a recombination problem. (Elven)
76.2.1 Rhododendron aureum Georgi (1775), Reise 1: 91, 214.
S
2n=
26 (2x).
2nD
Janaki-Anmal et al. (1950).
G
RFE
Comments:
76.2.2 Rhododendron lapponicum (L.) Wahlenb. (1812), Fl. Lapp. 104.
B
Azalea lapponica L. (1753), Sp. Pl. 151.
S
Rhododendron parvifolium Adams (1834), Nouv. Mém. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 3, 9: 237; R.
lapponicum L. var. parvifolium (Adams) Herder *** [or I. Kuzn. (1916), Fl. Azii
Ross. 9: 16]; R. lapponicum (L.) Wahlenb. subsp. alpinum (Glehn) Khokhr. (1991),
Sosud. Rast. Sovet. Dal'nego Vostoka 5: 133.
2n=
26 (2x).
2nD
Löve & Löve (1975) list three counts, two as arctic.
G
NOR SIB RUS ALA CAN GRL
Comments:
(1)
The interrelations between R. parvifolium Adams and R. lapponicum (L.) Wahlenb.
need special monographic studies. There are two approaches to the resolution of the
problem: 1) R. parvifolium is considered as a robust shrubby form of R. lapponicum
[then 'R. lapponicum' is most common in Chukotka tundra, and 'R. parvifolium'
occurs in some woodland areas of the northwestern North America; the status of the
latter is no higher than var. parvifolium (Adams) Herder]; 2) The main difference
betwen the taxa is the number of stamens: 5 in typical R. lapponicum, 10 in typical R.
parvifolium, and (5) 8 (10) in many East Siberian - Far East populations
(Khokhryakov & Mazurenko 1991), mostly 7-8 in the plants of Alaska and Yukon
(Hultén 1968). Vinogradova in Vinogradova & Yurtsev (1980) confirmed constant
occurrence of 10 stamens in the Asian population. Statistical-geographic studies over
the whole range of the R. lapponicum (L.) Wahlenb. aggregate are needed to
determine the status of both taxa (subspecies? gene geography?). At the present stage
of knowledge of R. lapponicum s. lat., it would be better to include R. parvifolium
into the volume of R. lapponicum s. lat., the more so owing to the absolute
predominance in the Russian Arctic of the prostrate, facultatively calciphilous race.
(Yurtsev)
(2)
In the distributional table received, R. parvifolium is omitted and the data included in
R. lapponicum. I have done accordingly in the text. (Elven)
(3)
In the North Atlantic sector, R. lapponicum reaches north to zone C (Svalbard:
Spitsbergen) and even B (North Greenland), in northeastern Asia only zone D, but its
range R. lapponicum s. lat. widely protrudes into Boreal region - up to the northern
Mongolia. (Yurtsev)
(4)
Forget Svalbard! This recurrent error has been corrected several times (e.g. by Elven
& Elvebakk 1996) but still crops up. It is based on a misinterpretation of the
abbreviation 'Rhod.' from Bear Island (not Spitsbergen), 'Rhod.' here stands for
Rhodiola, not Rhododendron! (Elven)
76.2.3 Rhododendron adamsii Rehd. (1921), Publ. Arnold Arboret. 9: 190.
S
2n=
(1) 26. (2) 55-58.
2nD
(1) *** East Sayan Mts. (2) *** South Muyan Range, southern East Siberia. Both
non-arctic.
G
SIB
Comments:
76.3 Therorhodion Small (1914), N. Amer. Fl. 29: 45.
S
Rhododendron L. p. p.
Comments: see Rhododendron.
76.3.1 Therorhodion camtschaticum (Pallas) Small (1914), N. Amer. Fl. 29: 45.
B
Rhododendron camtschaticum Pallas (1784), Fl. Ross. 1, 1: 48.
S
2n=
For the collective species. 24 (2x, x=12).
2nD
Löve & Löve (1975) list three non-arctic counts.
Comments:
(1)
2n=24 was counted in Kamtchatkan plants (subsp. camtschatica). (Yurtsev)
76.3.1.1 Therorhodion camtschaticum (Pallas) Small. subsp. glandulosum (Standl. ex
Small) comb. nov. needed?
B
Therorodion glandulosum Standl. ex Small (1914), N. Amer. Fl. 29: 45.
S
Rhododendron camtschaticum Pallas subsp. glandulosum (Standl. ex Small) Hultén
(1930), Fl. Kamtch. 4: 14.
2n=
2nD
G
RFE ALA
Comments:
76.4 Loiseleuria Desv. (1813), nom. conserv., J. Bot. Agric., sér. 2, 1: 35.
76.4.1 Loiseleuria procumbens (L.) Desv. (1813), J. Bot. Agric., sér. 2, 1: 35.
B
Azalea procumbens L. (1753), Sp. Pl. 151.
S
2n=
24 (12).
2nD
Löve & Löve (1975) list five counts, three as arctic.
G
ICE NOR RUS SIB RFE ALA CAN GRL
Comments:
76.5 Kalmia L. (1753), Sp. Pl. 391.
76.5.1 Kalmia polifolia Wangenh. (1788), Schr. Ges. Naturf. Freunde Berlin 8, 2: 130.
S
2n=
48 (4x).
2nD
Löve & Löve (1975) list three non-arctic counts.
G
CAN
Comments:
76.6 Phyllodoce Salisb. (1806), Parad. Lond. 1: t. 36.
76.6.1 Phyllodoce caerulea (L.) Bab. (1843), Man. Brit. Bot. 194.
B
Andromeda caerulea L. (1753), Sp. Pl. 393.
S
2n=
24 (2x).
2nD
Löve & Löve (1975) list several counts, most as arctic.
G
ICE NOR RUS RFE ALA CAN GRL
Comments:
76.6.2 Phyllodoce aleutica (Spreng.) Heller (1900), Muhlenbergia 1: 1.
B
Menziesia aleutica Spreng. (1825), Syst. 2: 202.
S
2n=
2nD
G
ALA
Comments: Subsp. aleutica in the Arctic.
(1)
Replaced in non-arctic western North America by subsp. glanduliflora (Hook.)
Hultén [Phyllodoce glanduliflora (Hook.) Coville]. (Elven)
76.7 Calluna Salisb. (1802), Trans. Linn. Soc. London 6: 317.
76.7.1 Calluna vulgaris (L.) Hull (1808), Brit. Fl., ed. 2, 1: 114.
B
Erica vulgaris L. (1753), Sp. Pl. 352.
S
2n=
16 (2x).
2nD
Löve & Löve (1975) list five counts, one Icelandic.
G
ICE NOR RUS
Comments:
76.8 Cassiope D. Don (1834), Edinb. N. Philos. J. 17: 157.
76.8.1 Cassiope tetragona (L.) D. Don (1834), Edinb. New Philos. J. 17: 158.
B
Andromeda tetragona L. (1753), Sp. Pl. 393.
S
2n=
26 (2x).
2nD
Löve & Löve (1975) list several counts, all as arctic.
G
NOR RUS SIB RFE ALA CAN GRL
Comments: Subsp. tetragona in the Arctic.
(1)
The zonal range of C. tetragona is drastically different in different sectors of the
Arctic. In Greenland it avoids both zone E (the southernmost) and A (the
northernmost), whereas in northeastern Asia and Canada it is common also in zone E
and in the subarctic conifer woodlands, including subarctic alpine belt predominantly on basic siliceous and carbonate rocks. (Yurtsev)
(2)
Don't forget the NW European occurrence, where it also occurs in the subarctic alpine
and even subalpine forests. Also in Baffin Island and Labrador it reaches far south.
Greenland is therefore a special (local) case, and we don't need to specify every such
case. (Elven)
76.8.2 Cassiope ericoides (Pallas) D. Don (1834), Edinb. New Philos. J. 17: 158.
B
Andromeda ericoides Pallas (1788), Fl. Ross. 1, 2: 56.
S
2n=
2nD
G
RFE
Comments:
(1)
Yurtsev proposes a separate entry for C. anadyrensis Jurtz. in Tolm. (1980), Fl. Arct.
URSS 8: 130 [C. ericoides (Pallas) D. Don x tetragona (L.) D. Don]; type: Russian
Far East: Pars septentrionalis jugi montium Zolotoi, ad rivulum Volnyi, in parte
basali declivii septentrionlis, 20.07.1978, leg. B. Jurtzev & N. Sekretareva (LE)
holotype. It is reported from RFE.
(2)
About C. anadyrensis: A hybridogenous taxon, represented sometimes by populations
with an intermediate ecology. (Yurtsev)
(3)
About C. anadyrensis: This entity needs to be sufficiently justified before acceptance.
Otherwise, it should be omitted altogether or reduced to a comment under the
(alphabetically) first parental species as done here. (Elven)
76.8.3 Cassiope lycopodioides (Pallas) D. Don (1834), Edinb. N. Philos. J. 17: 158.
B
Andromeda lycopodioides Pallas (1788), Fl. Ross. 1, 2: 55.
S
2n=
2nD
G
ALA
Comments:
(1)
The records for the southeastern Chukchi Peninsula (Hultén 1968) was not confirmed
by the recent intensive floristic studies in Chukotka. The only arctic locality known is
from the Kuskokwim Mts. [and in the coastal parts] in Southwest Alaska. (Yurtsev)
76.9 Harrimanella Coville (1901), Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci. 3: 569.
Comments:
(1)
The status of Harrimanella as a genus separate from Cassiope should be discussed
before final decision. I tend to agree with it from a northern viewpoint but I have no
idea about the global variation. (Elven)
WARNING! The genus might be merged with Cassiope.
76.9.1 Harrimanella hypnoides (L.) Coville (1901), Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci. 3: 575.
B
Andromeda hypnoides L. (1753), Sp. Pl. 393.
S
Cassiope hypnoides (L.) D. Don (1834), Edinb. New Philos. J. 17: 158.
2n=
32 (4x).
2nD
Löve & Löve (1975) list four counts, two as arctic.
G
NOR RUS SIB CAN GRL
Comments:
(1)
The northernmost advance of the species, up to zone C, is recorded in Spitsbergen. Its
relative in the North Pacific, H. stelleriana, an alpine ("goltsy") plant, barely
penetrates the Arctic in Seward Peninsula [Beringian Alaska]. The latter seems to be
closer to the proposed ancestor of the genus. (Yurtsev)
76.9.2 Harrimanella stelleriana (Pallas) Coville (1901), Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci. 3: 570, 574.
B
Andromeda stelleriana Pallas (1788), Fl. Ross. 1, 2: 58.
S
Cassiope stelleriana (Pallas) DC. (1839), Prodr. 7: 611.
2n=
2nD
G
ALA
Comments:
(1)
See note under H. hypnoides. Harrimanella stelleriana also occurs in the arctic parts
of SW Alaska, not only the Seward Peninsula. (Elven)