I L L I N O I S C O O P E R AT I V E C O L L E C T I O N
MANAGEMENT PROGRAM
A S TAT E W I D E C O L L E C T I O N M A P
R E S U LT S F R O M T H E S TAT E W I D E A S S E S S M E N T O F M O N O G R A P H S A N D E L E C T R O N I C
RESOURCES IN ILLINOIS
By
Mary H. Munroe, Northern Illinois University
Susan Braxton, Illinois State University
Carol Covey, Western Illinois University
David Hamilton, Illinois Digital Academic Library
Vanette Schwartz, Illinois State University
Marlene Slough, Eastern Illinois University
Carla Tracy, Augustana College
Table of Contents
I. History of the Project
II. Methodology
III. General Results
A. State of Illinois Collection: Titles By Division
B. State of Illinois: Percent of Collection By Division
IV. Electronic Usage Data
A. Average Searches/Page Hits per Month
B. Statewide Electronic Journal Use: Full Text Articles Retrieved
C. Comparison of Retrievals of Subsidized Electronic Resources
D.
V. Age of Institution Analysis
A. Monographic Title Count of Illinois Collections as a Function of Institution Age
B. Institutional FTE as a Function of Age of Institution
C. 2002 Fall FTE as a Function of Monographic Title Count
D. Post-Secondary Institution Libraries by Type and Age Class
E. Average Title Count (with Standard Deviation) for Libraries in Each Age Class
F. Average Title Count (with Standard Deviation) by Type of Institution
VI. Date Analysis
A. Divisions Ranked by Number of Titles in Statewide Collection for Four Publication Date Categories
B. Titles by Division, 1993-2003: Humanities
C. Titles by Division, 1993-2003: Sciences
D. Titles by Division, 1993-2003: Social Sciences
E. Titles by Division, 1993-2003: Other
F. Titles by Major Subject Area and Date of Publication, Pre-1900
G. Titles By Division and Date of Publication (pre-1900)
VII. Language Analysis
A. Languages Other than English in the State of Illinois
B. Humanities Titles by Language Family
2
C. Social Science Titles by Language Family
D. Science Titles by Language Family
E. Other Divisions by Language Family
VIII. Regional Analysis
A. Collection Totals by Region
B. Ranking of Titles by Division and Region
C. Totals by Region: Northeast
D. Totals by Region: Northwest
E. Totals by Region: Central
F. Totals by Region: Southern
IX. Type of Library Analysis
A. Totals by Type of Library
B. Collection Totals by Type of Institution: Public Institutions
C. Collection Totals by Type of Institution: Private Institutions
D. Collection Totals by Type of Institution: Community Colleges
X. Uniqueness Analysis
A. Percent of All Titles in Each Humanities Division Shared by 10 or Fewer Libraries
B. Percent of All Titles in Each Social Science Division Shared by 10 or Fewer Libraries
C. Percent of All Titles in Each Science Division Shared by 10 or Fewer Libraries
D. Percent of All Titles in Each Other Division Shared by 10 or Fewer Libraries
E. Percent of 1983-2002 Titles in Each Humanities Division Shared by 10 or Fewer Libraries
F. Percent of 1983-2002 Titles in Each Social Science Division Shared by 10 or Fewer Libraries
G. Percent of 1983-2002 Titles in Each Science Division Shared by 10 or Fewer Libraries
H. Percent of 1983-2002 Titles in Each Other Division Shared by 10 or Fewer Libraries
3
History of the Project
For 20 or more years, the Illinois Cooperative Collection Management Program (ICCMP) has worked to “enrich and strengthen the
collective information resources available to the customers of the consortium libraries and to the citizens of the State of Illinois.”1 In
order to strengthen those collective information sources, there must be adequate information about the collections in Illinois academic
libraries. The Illinois Citizen’s Agenda states frankly, “Illinois colleges and universities will hold students to even higher expectations
for learning and will be accountable for the quality of academic programs and the assessment of learning.”2
Assessment is not new to the ICCMP. Illinois has a heritage of collection sharing, and assessment has been an important tool to
accomplish that end. The ICAM (Illinois Collection Assessment Matrix) project was completed 20 years ago and surveyed the
collections of the ILSCO consortium. Later in the 1990s, some 27 libraries used the OCLC AMIGOS product to some effect as an
assessment tool.
The Statewide Assessment project was begun in 2000 and used an automated assessment tool called ICAS (Interactive Collection
Analysis Service). ICAS uses data from either the OCLC records in an individual institution’s online catalog or the OCLC WorldCat
database. ICAS provides information and reports at the levels of individual libraries, and different combinations of libraries. Our
report analyzed the Illinois collection and individual library collections based on the call number ranges (quite similar to the National
Shelflist Count ranges). The analysis was done by division (50 large subject areas such as Language and Literature), by category (500
call number ranges), by age, by subject (5,000 descriptors), and by 32 languages. The counts are done by title, not item, which gives a
more accurate picture of the holdings in a library by eliminating multiple copies of a title in an individual library.
Studies were done by age, by uniqueness and by overlap to identify those subjects, which contain a large number of unique items and
conversely by the gaps in materials present in the libraries and in the state. The project was funded by the ICCMP and by
contributions from participating libraries. The final reports were delivered in the Fall of 2004,
“A Plan for Collaborative Collections among Illinois Libraries,” prepared for the Illinois Libraries Cooperative Collection Management Program with the
assistance of George J. Soete.
2
State of Illinois Board of Higher Education, “A Citizens’ Agenda for Illinois Higher Education: The Illinois Commitment: Partnerships, Opportunities, and
Excellence,” item 5, Executive Summary.
1
4
This report is the culmination of that project. It has been prepared by a group of librarians using the data from the report in the hope
that it will inform consortial projects, give librarians in the state ideas of how to use the data in their libraries, and give a wide
ranging picture of the statewide collection and the regional collection of Illinois. Together it provides a conceptual collection map of
the state and should prove useful in many ways.
5
II.
Methodology
The Study counts only monographs (in the MARC record fixed field M). Because many of the libraries in Illinois use the Dewey
Decimal System, the study was done by Dewey and Library of Congress call numbers. Libraries which are primarily Dewey were
mapped to LC and libraries which are primarily LC were mapped to Dewey. The Dewey study includes all of the libraries in Dewey
format, and the LC study includes all of the libraries in LC format. The study is divided into Three Parts:
 The subject and title count by age. Each library was divided by publication date. Older materials were divided by century;
after 1900, materials are counted by decade and after 1980 by year.
o Divisions are broad and divided generally by two letter call numbers, although some subjects require more than one
call number range.
o Categories are more specific and are call number ranges.
o Subject levels are even more specific and the call number ranges short.
o 32 languages were analyzed.
 Numbers for the total collection. The files were pulled and the study performed in the summer of 2003. For that reason, in the
age analysis, the results for the last ten years does not include 2003, as only half of the year is included. Age for the purposes
of this study is publication date. There is a category called other in the age analyses. This category is used for titles whose
publication date is not included in the OCLC record.
 In the online study, the designation “All libraries” is a total of all titles in the statewide collection and includes duplicates if the
same title is owned by more than one library. In our analysis of the statewide collection, the report writers used the uniqueness
study to create a de-duplicated, statewide library in which each title was counted only once. In order to look at percentage of
subject areas to the collection, titles without a Dewey Decimal or Library of Congress call number were not included in graphs
of those subjects, although they are included in the entire study and in some of the analyses in this report.
 The Uniqueness study uses the subject and age breakdowns to examine the libraries by the degree of uniqueness. Uniqueness
was determined using the OCLC number, since the records came from WorldCat. One library did not use the WorldCat
records, and those were matched using title, author, edition, publisher, date, material type, IBSN, and ISSN, if present.
6
 The Overlap study shows the flip side of the uniqueness study and examined the libraries by the degree of overlap in the
collection in the subject and age breakdowns. The same matching methodology was used.
 The analysis of electronic resources comes from the IDAL statewide state-supported databases and gives some idea of the
coverage and the usage of those databases as an indicator of electronic serial coverage in the state.
 The figures for region and type of library, because they are not statewide totals, could not be deduplicated, and therefore titles
owned by multiple libraries are counted multiple times.
7
III.
General Results
The statewide collection map begins with an overall look at the collection. This view of the Illinois collection sees it as a single,
statewide collection, which means that each title in the state is counted only once. An overall look at that collection is presented
in the next two pages. Here are some results of that study:
 It is clear that, for books in Illinois, the traditional humanities – language and literature, history, philosophy and religion
– are the largest subject areas. They make up nearly 45% of the collection.
 Art and architecture, performing arts, and music, humanities subject areas as well, are not quite so large in Illinois.
Explanations for the art and architecture monographs might include the expense of books in that area. Music,
traditionally dependent on books, shows up low because many of the titles are scores, not cataloged as monographs. The
performing arts are relatively new as a separate field.
 Business and economics are also large, with nearly 10% of the collection. One research library found that the
explanation for this large number lay in the fact that HB, economic theory, a heavily monographic field, is included in
this division.
 The subject areas are very healthy, with only the subject areas that are traditionally more dependent on journals than
monographs showing lower numbers of books. The smallest subject division statewide still holds over 30,000 titles.
 Biological science, which is heavily dependent on journals, nevertheless shows up in the middle of the subject areas in
size in the statewide collection. One explanation is the botany and ecology books which are included in this section.
 Physics, thought to be heavily journal dependent, also shows up just below biology, but astronomy and some of the
general materials on physics may offer an explanation.
8
 The social sciences are also quite healthy, with the traditional social sciences – geography, political science, sociology,
education and anthropology – making up a little more than 14% of the statewide collection.
9
State of Illinois Collection:
Titles By Division (7,052.045)*
Chemistry
31,094
Computer Science
55,010
Anthropology
55,114
Physical Education
59,656
Performing Arts
66,468
Psychology
76,029
87,751
Mathematics
Music
103,592
Physics
107,449
133,155
Biological Sciences
141,938
Agriculture
176,976
Geography & Earth Sci.
Reference
195,355
Law
218,922
Political Science
222,889
Education
240,897
Sociology
296,835
Art and Architecture
312,581
Engineering & Technology
318,764
Medicine
324,730
546,617
Philosophy & Religion
670,172
Business & Economics
938,152
History
1,671,899
Language and Literature
0
200,000
400,000
600,000
800,000
1,000,000
1,200,000
1,400,000
1,600,000
1,800,000
*Does not Include Items without call number
10
State of Illinois: Percent of Collection By Division
Chemistry
0.44%
Computer Science
0.78%
Anthropology
0.78%
Physical Education
0.85%
Performing Arts
0.94%
Psychology
Mathematics
1.08%
1.24%
Music
1.47%
Physics
1.52%
Biological Sciences
Agriculture
Geography & Earth Sci.
Reference
1.89%
2.01%
2.51%
2.77%
Law
3.10%
Political Science
3.16%
Education
Sociology
3.42%
4.21%
Art and Architecture
4.43%
Engineering & Technology
4.52%
Medicine
4.60%
Philosophy & Religion
7.75%
Business & Economics
9.50%
History
13.30%
Language and Literature
0.00%
23.71%
5.00%
10.00%
15.00%
20.00%
25.00%
11
IV.
Electronic Usage Data
The data for the electronic resources was obtained by taking a large sampling of academic libraries. Because of the infancy of this
collection format, studies and statistics are more recent and are not composed of the same historical depth as that of print collections.
In addition, the focus of vendors has not been on providing usage statistics in much detail. It is only within the last year or two that
we have begun to receive enough data to determine how these resources are being used.
Monthly averages were determined using the categories of Full-Text Articles, Searches/Page Hits, and Retrievals from a select
sampling of publishers and vendors. The data used was not necessarily available for all years from all vendors, so in some cases the
time period covered may be different. For example, in the chart showing Electronic Journal usage, complete data was not available in
2000. Thus, the time period for the chart is 2001 through 2004. Despite the fact that availability of data for electronic resource usage
is in its early stages, it is clear that Illinois’ use of electronic resources has grown tremendously in just a few years.
12
Searches/Page Hits in Thousands
Average Searches/Page Hits per Month
2000-2004
2,000
1,900
1,800
1,700
1,600
1,500
1,400
1,300
1,200
1,100
1,000
900
800
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
Public Universities
172,000
FTE
Private Universities and
Colleges
167,000
FTE
Community Colleges
Average Total
202,000
FTE
180,000
FTE
13
Statewide Electronic Journals Use
Full Text Articles Retrieved
Multiple Vendors
2001 – 2004
Full
Text
Articles
950000
900000
850000
800000
750000
700000
650000
600000
550000
500000
450000
400000
350000
300000
250000
200000
150000
100000
50000
0
2001
2002
2003
2004
Jan
Feb
Mar
April
May
June
July
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
14
Comparison of Retrievals*
Of Subsidized Electronic Resources
Multiple Vendors – 2000 - 2004
OED
8.4%
Liebert Articles
1.0%
Harpweek Pages
1.4%
netLibrary
0.4%
EBSCOhost
88.8%
* The number of times the object (i.e. words, articles, pages, etc.) is downloaded or
viewed.
15
VI.
Age Of Institution Analysis
The size of individual library collections correlates with the age of the library, but only weakly so. Libraries between 100-150 years
of age appear to be larger, on average, than either newer or older libraries.
The FTE of institutions appears to be correlated with the size of library collections. Higher enrollments are associated with larger
collections.
NOTE: FTE data obtained from State of Illinois Board of Higher Education. 2002. Preliminary Fall 2002 Enrollments in Illinois
Higher Education. Retrieved from:
http://www.ibhe.state.il.us/memo/112002FallEnr.pdf on 10/26/2004.
16
Monographic Title Count of Illinois Collections as a Function of Institution Age
Titles = 2434(Age) + 49185
p<0.05, R2 = 0.047, N = 86 libraries
2,400,000
2,200,000
2,000,000
1,800,000
Number of titles
1,600,000
1,400,000
1,200,000
1,000,000
800,000
600,000
400,000
200,000
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
Age of institution (years)
17
Institutional FTE as a Function of Age of Institution
FTE = 10(Age) + 4222
p=0.54, R2 = 0.0046, N=79 institutions
(NOTE: includes post-secondary institutions only.)
40000
35000
Fall 2002 FTE (preliminary)
30000
25000
20000
15000
10000
5000
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
Age (years)
18
2002 Fall FTE as a Function of Monographic Title Count
40000
FTE = 0.012(Titles) + 2067
p<0.005, R2=0.67, N=77 institutions
(NOTE: Includes post-secondary institutions only; Northwestern
and Loyola excluded because title counts for multiple libraries at
those institutions could not be deduplicated.)
35000
Fall 2002 FTE (preliminary)
30000
25000
20000
15000
10000
5000
0
0
250,000
500,000
750,000
1,000,000
1,250,000
1,500,000
1,750,000
2,000,000
2,250,000
2,500,000
Number of titles
19
Post-Secondary Institution Libraries by Type and Age Class
25
Comm Coll
Public Univ
Private NFP
25
Number of libraries
20
15
13
10
10
10
8
6
5
4
4
1
1
0
0
0
0-49 years
50-99 years
100-149 years
150+ years
20
Average Title Count (with Standard Deviation) for Libraries in Each Age Class
1,000,000
900,000
800,000
~10% of statewide total
of 8,460,893 titles
Average number of titles
700,000
600,000
500,000
N = 36
400,000
N = 11
300,000
N = 15
200,000
100,000
N = 24
0
1-49 years
50-99 years
100-149 years
150+ years
21
Average Title Count (with Standard Deviation) by Type of Institution
1400000
Note: Average title count of public university libraries is
significantly greater than the average title count of private
not for profit institution libraries (t=3.19, p<0.001).
1300000
1200000
1100000
1000000
900000
800000
~10% of statewide total
of 8,460,893 titles
N=1
3
700000
600000
500000
400000
300000
N=5
1
200000
100000
N=1
8
0
Comm Coll
Public University
Private NFP
22
VI.
Date Analysis
Viewed over time, the collection size in any division—as relative to the entire statewide monograph collection and measured by
number of titles held—seems to mirror changing collection management policies for the division as well as variations by disciplines
within the division. For example, the Humanities show a slight increase in relative collection size overall, while the steady growth and
ultimate dominance of Language and Literature monographs reflects both high acquisitions and the importance of historic works in the
discipline, which consequently are not weeded from the collection. The Sciences, on the other hand, show a significant decrease in
relative collection size, probably due to the value placed on journals for their content currency and to the increasing availability of
online literature in the field. Specifically, the dropping ranks of Physical Science and Chemistry probably indicate the rising
prominence of the journal literature in those disciplines as well as the likelihood that outdated materials were weeded from many
collections. The rising prominence of Computer Science monographs over time reflects the inception and rapid growth of the
discipline.
In general, the Social Sciences maintained a stable relative collection size rank over time, but this resulted from a decline in some
disciplines and significant growth in others. For example, relative size of monograph collections in Psychology decreased markedly
from pre-1800 to 2002, probably due in large part to the growing importance of journal literature in the field. Meanwhile, the relative
ranking of Education and Sociology showed a significant upward shift. This trend probably reflects both increased publishing in these
fields as well as an increase in interdisciplinary studies and new areas of research (such as Women’s Studies, Special Education, etc.),
many of which are classified as part of Education or Sociology.
In the most recent decade examined (1993-2002), monographic acquisitions in the Humanities (687,239 total unique titles) were
nearly twice as great as in the Social Sciences (382,842 total unique titles) and nearly three times as great as in the Sciences (255,524
total unique titles). The importance of journal literature in both the Social Sciences and the Sciences may have resulted in decreased
monograph acquisitions for two reasons: (a) once again, journals may be preferred over monographs in these fields, and (b) the high
cost of journals may have limited funds available for monograph purchases, even if selectors would have liked to acquire them.
23
Two disciplines—Geography and Library Science/Generalities/Reference—were designated as “Other” due to their interdisciplinary
nature and the inclusion of monographs such as U.S. Geological Survey literature, encyclopedias, reference books, and so forth. In
terms of relative collection size ranking, both areas showed a marked decrease, probably due again to the increased availability of
online materials and the value placed upon content currency.
Historical works in Humanities make up a greater percentage of the statewide monograph collection than do historical works in other
major subject groups. Historical works in the Sciences make up less than 0.5% of the total statewide monograph collection. The
largest collection of historic (pre-1900) monographs is in the Language, Linguistics & Literature division, with History, Business,
Philosophy, and Medicine rounding out the top 5 historic monograph collections. The smallest collections of historic monographs
(listed in increasing size order) were in Computer Science, Chemistry, Phys Education, Performing Arts, and Anthropology.
Overall, it is clear that the Humanities dominate the monograph collections of Illinois academic libraries. Perhaps the most important
reason for its much greater relative collection size is that in many disciplines within the Humanities, the library is the laboratory.
Monographs provide both the objects of research and the secondary sources as well.
24
Divisions Ranked by Number of Titles in Statewide Collection
for Four Publication Date Categories
(1 is largest division, 24 is smallest)
Rank (by number of titles published in time period)
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1850-1899
1800-1849
pre-1800
1993-2002
1
BUS & ECON.
LANG., LING., & LIT
LANG., LING., & LIT
LANG., LING., & LIT
2
PHILOSOPHY & RELIGION
BUS & ECON.
HISTORY & AUX. SCI.
HISTORY & AUX. SCI.
3
LANG., LING., & LIT
HISTORY & AUX. SCI.
PHILOSOPHY & RELIGION
BUS & ECON.
4
HISTORY & AUX. SCI.
PHILOSOPHY & RELIGION
BUS & ECON.
PHILOSOPHY & RELIGION
5
PHYS. SCI.
MEDICINE
MEDICINE
SOCIOLOGY
6
MEDICINE
PHYS. SCI.
GEOG. & EARTH SCI.
ART & ARCH.
7
LIBRARY SCI., GEN. & REF.
LAW
ART & ARCH.
MEDICINE
8
LAW
LIBRARY SCI., GEN. & REF.
LIBRARY SCI., GEN. & REF.
ENGINEERING & TECH.
9
POLITICAL SCI.
GEOG. & EARTH SCI.
AG.
LAW
10
GEOG. & EARTH SCI.
BIOL. SCI.
BIOL. SCI.
ED.
11
MATH.
ART & ARCH.
PHYS. SCI.
POLITICAL SCI.
12
ENGINEERING & TECH.
POLITICAL SCI.
ENGINEERING & TECH.
GEOG. & EARTH SCI.
13
BIOL. SCI.
ENGINEERING & TECH.
POLITICAL SCI.
COMPUTER SCI.
14
ART & ARCH.
SOCIOLOGY
LAW
LIBRARY SCI., GEN. & REF.
15
SOCIOLOGY
ED.
ED.
BIOL. SCI.
16
AG.
MATH.
SOCIOLOGY
MUSIC
17
PSYCH.
MUSIC
MATH.
AG.
18
MUSIC
AG.
MUSIC
PHYS. SCI.
19
ED.
PSYCH.
ANTHRO.
PERF. ARTS
20
CHEM.
ANTHRO.
PSYCH.
PSYCH.
21
ANTHRO.
CHEM.
PERF. ARTS
MATH.
22
PERF. ARTS
PHYS. ED. & REC.
PHYS. ED. & REC.
PHYS. ED. & REC.
23
PHYS. ED. & REC.
PERF. ARTS
CHEM.
ANTHRO.
24
COMPUTER SCI.
COMPUTER SCI.
COMPUTER SCI.
CHEM.
25
Statewide Assessment 1993-2002: 687,239 Unique Titles within the Humanities
(Humanities = 49.44% of 1,390,101 Total Unique Titles)
350,000
301,046
300,000
Number of Book Titles
250,000
200,000
174,950
150,000
Performing Arts
Music
Art & Architecture
Philosophy & Religion
History & Auxiliary Sciences
Language, Linguistics & Literature
96,635
100,000
77,667
50,000
17,410
19,531
0
Six Divisions with the Humanities Grouping
26
Statewide Assessment 1993-2002: 255,524 Unique Titles within the Sciences
(Sciences = 18.38% of 1,390,101 Total Unique Titles)
80,000
75,985
69,229
70,000
Number of Book Titles
60,000
50,000
40,000
30,000
27,099
24,491
18,799
20,000
Chemistry
Mathematics
Physical Sciences
Agriculture
Biological Sciences
Computer Science
Engineering & Technology
Medicine
19,018
15,469
10,000
5,434
0
Eight Divisions with the Sciences Grouping
27
Statewide Assessment 1993-2002: 394,714 Unique Titles within the Social Sciences
(Social Sciences = 28.39% of 1,390,101 Total Unique Titles)
140,000
123,674
120,000
Number of Book Titles
100,000
83,392
80,000
60,000
46,964
47,503
49,234
Anthropology
Physical Education & Recreation
Psychology
Political Science
Education
Law
Sociology
Business & Economics
40,000
20,000
13,191
14,160
16,596
0
Eight Divisions within the Social Sciences Grouping
28
Statewide Assessment 1993-2002: 52,624 Unique Titles within the 'Other' Grouping of
Divisions
('Other' Subject Area = 3.79% of 1,390,101 Total Unique Titles)
27,500
27,133
Number of Book Titles
27,000
26,500
Library Science, Generalities & Reference
Geography & Earth Sciences
26,000
25,491
25,500
25,000
24,500
Two Divisions within 'Other' Grouping
29
Titles by Major Subject Area and Date of Publication, pre-1900
325000
300000
275000
250000
173,493
225000
Titles
200000
1850-1899
1800-1849
Pre-1800
175000
150000
125000
86,730
100000
25,629
75000
35,997
10,335
3,149
5,099
50000
27,383
66,623
35,078
25000
9,136
11,785
0
Humanities (6 Div.)
Social Science (8 Div.)
Science (8 Div.)
Other (2 Div.)
30
Titles by Division and Date of Publication (pre-1900)
0
20,000
40,000
60,000
80,000
100,000
120,000
140,000
160,000
LANGUAGE, LINGUISTICS, & LITERATURE
HISTORY & AUXILIARY SCIENCES
BUSINESS & ECONOMICS
PHILOSOPHY & RELIGION
MEDICINE
PHYSICAL SCIENCES
LIBRARY SCIENCE, GENERALITIES & REFERENCE
GEOGRAPHY & EARTH SCIENCES
LAW
ART & ARCHITECTURE
BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
POLITICAL SCIENCE
ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY
Pre-1800
1800-1849
1850-1899
AGRICULTURE
SOCIOLOGY
MATHEMATICS
EDUCATION
MUSIC
PSYCHOLOGY
ANTHROPOLOGY
PERFORMING ARTS
PHYSICAL EDUCATION & RECREATION
CHEMISTRY
COMPUTER SCIENCE
31
VII.
Language Analysis
In all subject areas of the statewide collection, German and French are the most frequently represented non-English languages, with
Spanish and Russian close behind. Two notable subject areas of strength are History and Business, which both include a particularly
large number of monographs in many non-English languages.
Given potential users of specific collections, possible weaknesses include the very few items in Modern Greek in any subject and the
very few items in Hindi in science.
32
Languages Other Than English in the State Of Illinois
(32 languages analyzed, Other is all other languages)
Languages
Titles
German
French
Spanish
Other
Russian
Italian
Chinese
Portuguese
Japanese
Latin
Polish
Arabic
Hindi
Indonesian
Swedish
Ukrainian
Dutch
Czech
Korean
Hungarian
Hebrew
Thai
Danish
Romanian
Norwegian
Bulgarian
Turkish
Persian
Greek, Modern
448,995
381,637
354,808
215,764
199.335
128,596
89,627
56,449
43,885
38,315
37,542
32,935
26,980
24,228
20,834
17,728
16,778
14,703
13,816
13,494
13,413
11,959
8,690
8,478
8,333
7,342
6,498
6,047
5,257
Percent of Non-English
Collection
19.9%
16.9%
15.8%
9.6%
8.8%
5.7%
4.0%
2.5%
1.9%
1.7%
1.7%
1.5%
1.2%
1.1%
0.9%
0.8%
0.7%
0.7%
0.6%
0.6%
0.6%
0.5%
0.4%
0.4%
0.4%
0.3%
0.3%
0.3%
0.2%
33
Humanities Titles By Language Family
hy
10,911
19,017
12,639
19,655
Ph
ilo
so
p
138,399
.A
rts
311
1,739
4,010
1,674
Pe
rfo
rm
14,864
us
ic
255
1,130
3,303
1,869
M
21,459
Li
t.
63,950 107,162
110,681
La
ng
.&
488,396
or
y
11,255
49,956
56,387
25,600
H
is
t
249,956
.
640
8,062
10,740
3,855
Ar
t/A
rc
h
Divisions
Middle Eastern
Asian
East European
Other
West European
29,752
94,808
0
100,000
200,000
300,000
400,000
500,000
600,000
Titles (Deduped)
34
Science Divisions By Language Family
653
16,785
5,037
4,033
Physc.Sci.
144
2,002
Medicine
224
23,420
5,098
2,371
494
45
Divisions
17,195
5,486
4,948
Math
5,853
Eng.& Tech.
8,420
179
206
Comp. Sci.
9
17,628
11,202
1,123
794
537
111
Chemistry
9
920
834
2,722
666
Bio.Sci
55
0
14,083
3,747
2,852
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
Titles (DeDuped)
Middle Eastern
East European
Asian
West European
Other
35
Social Sciences Language by Language Family
1,114
5,300
7,956
10,116
Sociology
92
775
Psychology
1,479
1,284
9,943
1,252
3,426
8,411
13,529
Political Science
49,510
28
314
720
534
2,867
Physical Education
Divisions
46,958
543
2,186
3,158
6,562
Law
40,004
453
2,443
4,249
3,327
1,590
Education
19,306
19,103
20,457
Bus/Econ.
27,240
109,908
358
2,545
3,214
3,253
Anthropology
12,554
41
548
Agriculture
1,602
2,304
7,552
0
20,000
40,000
60,000
80,000
100,000
120,000
Titles (Deduped)
Western European
Eastern European
Asian
Other
Middle Eastern
36
Other Divisions By Language Family
1,126
4,430
Lib.Sci.&Ref.
5,762
11,024
Division
37,800
302
1,375
Geog./Earth Sci.
2,009
9,804
23,159
0
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
30,000
35,000
40,000
Titles (Deduped)
West European
East European
Asian
Other
Middle Eastern
37
VII.
Regional Analysis
Several subject concentrations vary somewhat by region, and reasons for these variations may be inferred. For example, collections in
the Northeast region are especially strong in philosophy and religion—11.7% of the total holdings—possibly due to the large number
of church-related colleges and universities in this area. Conversely, the number of Agriculture books is low in the Northeast—only
.6% of the total holdings—presumably because it is an urban rather than rural area. Following this logic, Agriculture holdings rise to
1.4% of the collection in the Southern region and 2.8% of the collection in the Central region. South and Central Illinois are, of course,
more rural than the Northeast.
It should be noted that the software used for the study did not allow a regional analysis by unique titles. Therefore, in the regional
analysis, a given monograph is counted each time it is part of any library collection in the study.
38
39
Percentages and Ranking By Region
Division
AGRICULTURE
ANTHROPOLOGY
ART AND ARCHITECTURE
BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
BUSINESS AND ECONOMICS
CHEMISTRY
COMPUTER SCIENCE
EDUCATION
ENGINEERING
GEOGRAPHY
HISTORY
LANGUAGES AND
LITERATURE
LAW
REFERENCE
MATHEMATICS
MEDICINE
MUSIC
PERFORMING ARTS
PHILOSOPHY AND RELIGION
PHYSICAL EDUCATION
PHYSICAL SCIENCES
POLITICAL SCIENCE
PSYCHOLOGY
SOCIOLOGY
Chicago
0.6%
0.8%
4.8%
1.9%
10.0%
0.7%
0.9%
3.7%
3.0%
1.7%
13.3%
Northeast
0.6%
0.8%
4.2%
2.3%
7.4%
0.6%
0.8%
5.6%
2.8%
1.3%
12.4%
Northwest
0.9%
0.8%
4.3%
2.4%
11.5%
0.6%
0.9%
4.7%
3.7%
2.3%
13.0%
Central
2.8%
0.8%
3.7%
2.6%
9.8%
0.6%
0.8%
3.8%
4.3%
2.7%
12.4%
South
1.4%
0.8%
4.1%
2.5%
9.3%
0.6%
1.1%
5.6%
4.9%
2.0%
12.4%
Chicago
4
1
1
5
2
1
2
4
4
4
1
Northeast
4
1
3
4
5
2
3
1
5
5
3
Northwest
3
1
2
3
1
2
2
2
3
2
2
Central
1
1
5
1
3
2
3
3
2
1
3
21.0%
3.0%
2.7%
1.4%
6.4%
1.5%
1.2%
8.6%
0.4%
1.8%
3.6%
1.4%
5.6%
19.8%
2.0%
2.7%
1.3%
5.7%
1.7%
1.2%
11.7%
1.1%
1.6%
3.3%
2.1%
7.0%
21.1%
2.8%
2.7%
1.4%
4.0%
1.9%
1.3%
5.3%
1.0%
1.9%
4.0%
1.6%
5.9%
19.5%
4.4%
2.8%
2.0%
4.7%
1.6%
1.1%
4.9%
1.0%
1.9%
4.1%
1.5%
6.1%
20.4%
3.6%
3.3%
1.7%
4.7%
1.7%
1.4%
5.0%
1.1%
1.8%
3.7%
1.7%
5.6%
2
3
3
3
1
4
3
2
3
2
4
5
4
4
5
3
4
2
2
3
1
1
3
5
1
1
1
4
3
3
4
1
2
3
2
1
2
3
3
5
1
2
1
3
3
4
4
2
1
1
4
2
South
2
1
4
2
4
2
1
1
1
3
3
3
2
1
2
3
2
1
5
1
2
3
2
4
40
0.6%
15,240
0.6%
15,683
0.8%
19,953
0.8%
20,682
1.1%
25,895
1.2%
29,748
1.3%
32,382
1.3%
33,062
1.6%
38,425
1.7%
42,141
2.0%
49,388
2.1%
52,229
2.3%
57,027
2.7%
66,045
2.8%
68,550
3.3%
80,462
4.2%
102,805
5.6%
137,540
5.7%
140,918
7.0%
171,901
7.4%
181,652
11.7%
CHEMISTRY
AGRICULTURE
COMPUTER SCIENCE
ANTHROPOLOGY
PHYSICAL EDUCATION
PERFORMING ARTS
MATHEMATICS
GEOGRAPHY
PHYSICAL SCIENCES
MUSIC
LAW
PSYCHOLOGY
BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
LIBRARY SCIENCE
ENGINEERING
POLITICAL SCIENCE
ART AND ARCHITECTURE
EDUCATION
MEDICINE
SOCIOLOGY
BUSINESS AND ECONOMICS
PHILOSOPHY AND RELIGION
HISTORY
12.4%
LANGUAGES
19.8%
0
Aurora, Benedictine, COD, Dominican,
Elgin, Elmhurst, Governor's State,
IMSA, Joliet, Judson, Lake Forest,
Lewis, Midwestern, MVCC,National,
National-Louis, North Central,
Northern Baptist, Oakton, Olivet,
Prairie State, Triton, U of St. Francis,
Wheaton
287,795
305,658
488,080
100,000
200,000
300,000
400,000
500,000
600,000
41
CHEMISTRY
0.6%
ANTHROPOLOGY
0.8%
AGRICULTURE
0.9%
COMPUTER SCIENCE
0.9%
PHYSICAL EDUCATION
1.0%
PERFORMING ARTS
1.3%
MATHEMATICS
1.4%
PSYCHOLOGY
1.6%
PHYSICAL SCIENCES
1.9%
MUSIC
1.9%
GEOGRAPHY
2.3%
BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
2.4%
LIBRARY SCIENCE
2.7%
LAW
2.8%
ENGINEERING
3.7%
MEDICINE
4.0%
POLITICAL SCIENCE
4.0%
ART AND ARCHITECTURE
4.3%
EDUCATION
4.7%
PHILOSOPHY AND RELIGION
5.3%
SOCIOLOGY
5.9%
18,817
25,782
29,585
29,707
42,224
44,855
BUSINESS AND ECONOMICS
11.5%
HISTORY
13.0%
LANGUAGES
21.1%
0
Augustana, Bradley, Carl
Sandberg, Eureka, Illinois State
University, IVCC, Kishwaukee,
Knox, Monmouth, NIU, Rock
Valley, Sauk Valley, Illinois
Wesleyan
31,386
49,191
58,749
59,829
72,566
75,868
85,834
89,382
116,540
126,316
127,001
135,275
147,712
166,945
186,123
363,285
409,319
666,873
100,000
200,000
300,000
400,000
500,000
600,000
700,000
800,000
42
0.6%
24,259
0.8%
34,671
0.8%
35,309
1.0%
45,261
1.1%
47,671
1.5%
64,904
1.6%
70,481
1.9%
80,629
2.0%
85,187
2.6%
111,308
2.7%
114,606
2.8%
122,264
2.8%
123,077
3.7%
160,626
3.8%
162,735
4.1%
176,003
4.3%
186,899
4.4%
191,823
4.7%
204,297
4.9%
212,233
6.1%
265,498
9.8%
CHEMISTRY
ANTHROPOLOGY
COMPUTER SCIENCE
PHYSICAL EDUCATION
PERFORMING ARTS
PSYCHOLOGY
MUSIC
PHYSICAL SCIENCES
MATHEMATICS
BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
GEOGRAPHY
AGRICULTURE
LIBRARY SCIENCE
ART AND ARCHITECTURE
EDUCATION
POLITICAL SCIENCE
ENGINEERING
LAW
MEDICINE
PHILOSOPHY AND RELIGION
SOCIOLOGY
BUSINESS AND ECONOMICS
HISTORY
12.4%
LANGUAGES
19.5%
0
Blessing, Danville CC, Eastern,
Greenville, Illinois College,
MacMurray, Midstate, Millikin,
Parkland, Quincy, Southern
Illinois College of Medicine,
Springfield College, UIUC, U of I
Springfield, Western
421,621
535,272
843,880
100,000
200,000
300,000
400,000
500,000
600,000
700,000
800,000
900,000
43
0.6%
10,081
0.8%
12,733
1.1%
17,616
1.1%
18,050
1.4%
21,861
1.4%
21,863
1.7%
26,525
1.7%
27,083
1.7%
27,641
1.8%
28,626
2.0%
32,506
2.5%
40,603
3.3%
52,002
3.6%
57,420
3.7%
59,634
4.1%
65,265
4.7%
74,433
4.9%
77,817
5.0%
79,973
5.3%
84,190
5.6%
89,481
9.3%
CHEMISTRY
ANTHROPOLOGY
PHYSICAL EDUCATION
COMPUTER SCIENCE
PERFORMING ARTS
AGRICULTURE
MUSIC
MATHEMATICS
PSYCHOLOGY
PHYSICAL SCIENCES
GEOGRAPHY
BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
LIBRARY SCIENCE
LAW
POLITICAL SCIENCE
ART AND ARCHITECTURE
MEDICINE
ENGINEERING
PHILOSOPHY AND RELIGION
EDUCATION
SOCIOLOGY
BUSINESS AND ECONOMICS
HISTORY
12.4%
LANGUAGES
20.4%
0
McKendree,
Southeastern Illinois,
SIUE, SIUC
148,704
198,089
326,127
50,000
100,000
150,000
200,000
250,000
300,000
350,000
44
IX.
Type of Library Analysis
The analysis by type of library shows the number of monographs held by each type of institution.
Number of institutions in each group is:
Publicly Funded colleges and universities:
Privately Funded colleges and universities:
Community Colleges:
Not included in this analysis:
16
51
18
Chicago Public Library
Newberry Library
Again, the software used for the study did not allow an analysis by type of library using unique titles. Therefore, in the type of library
analysis, a given monograph is counted each time it is part of any library collection in the study.
45
20,000,000
18,000,000
16,000,000
14,000,000
12,000,000
10,000,000
8,000,000
6,000,000
4,000,000
2,000,000
0
Publicly Funded
Privately Funded
Community College
Grand Total
46
0.66%59,583
0.81%73,424
CHEMISTRY
ANTHROPOLOGY
1.02%91,909
1.10% 99,095
PHYSICAL EDUCATION
COMPUTER SCIENCE
1.21%109,158
1.53% 138,266
PERFORMING ARTS
PSYCHOLOGY
MATHEMATICS
1.54% 138,290
1.86% 167,872
AGRICULTURE
1.88%
169,445
PHYSICAL SCIENCES
1.98%
178,503
GEOGRAPHY
2.46%
221,764
BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
2.56%
230,924
LIBRARY SCIENCE
3.07%
LAW
3.87%
348,792
POLITICAL SCIENCE
3.96%
356,840
ART
4.08%
367,800
PHILOSOPHY
4.34%
ENGINEERING
4.52%
406,893
EDUCATION
4.57%
411,991
MEDICINE
5.61%
SOCIOLOGY
6.07%
BUSINESS
10.90%
HISTORY
11.98%
LANGUAGES
20.27%
MUSIC
0
276,817
390,847
505,093
546,903
200,000
982,437
1,079,241
1,826,342
400,000
600,000
800,000
1,000,000 1,200,000 1,400,000 1,600,000 1,800,000 2,000,000
47
0.60%47,035
0.70% 49,275
PHYSICAL EDUCATION
AGRICULTURE
COMPUTER SCIENCE
0.80%57,165
0.80%61,257
ANTHROPOLOGY
1.00%73,861
CHEMISTRY
MATHEMATICS
1.60%113,212
1.80%127,627
GEOGRAPHY
2.00%146,683
PSYCHOLOGY
2.00%146,725
PHYSICAL SCIENCES
2.10% 151,887
PERFORMING ARTS
2.30% 166,669
2.50% 180,685
MUSIC
BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
ENGINEERING
3.10%
227,855
LIBRARY SCIENCE
3.30%
241,342
LAW
3.40%
245,135
POLITICAL SCIENCE
4.60%
EDUCATION
5.10%
ART AND ARCHITECTURE
5.80%
MEDICINE
6.60%
SOCIOLOGY
7.20%
BUSINESS AND ECONOMICS
11.60%
PHILOSOPHY AND RELIGION
13.80%
HISTORY
17.60%
LANGUAGES
27.00%
0
336,930
372,471
424,967
480,153
524,201
845,468
1,006,764
1,283,973
1,975,439
500,000
1,000,000
1,500,000
2,000,000
2,500,000
48
0.43% 5,114
0.97%11,503
CHEMISTRY
ANTHROPOLOGY
COMPUTER SCIENCE
1.06% 12,592
MATHEMATICS
AGRICULTURE
1.06%12,617
1.43% 16,998
PHYSICAL EDUCATION
1.46% 17,309
PHYSICAL SCIENCES
1.54% 18,198
1.56% 18,491
PERFORMING ARTS
1.64% 19,415
1.67% 19,840
GEOGRAPHY
MUSIC
PSYCHOLOGY
2.10%
24,906
LIBRARY SCIENCE
2.19%
26,024
LAW
2.59%
30,754
BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
2.69%
31,885
POLITICAL SCIENCE
3.41%
EDUCATION
4.11%
48,694
PHILOSOPHY
4.19%
49,660
ENGINEERING
5.13%
ART
5.33%
MEDICINE
5.96%
BUSINESS
7.04%
SOCIOLOGY
8.01%
HISTORY
14.34%
LANGUAGES
21.48%
0
40,404
60,763
63,199
70,623
83,368
94,869
169,959
254,556
50,000
100,000
150,000
200,000
250,000
300,000
49
X.
Uniqueness Analysis
In most disciplines, more than 90% of the monographs in the statewide collection are owned by 10 or fewer libraries. In all but a few
disciplines, 40-50% of the statewide collection is owned by only one library! Admittedly, slight variations in cataloging will result in
“false uniqueness”—that is, the analysis will designate each of two identical books as unique due to insignificant differences in the
records rather than true uniqueness. In addition, multiple editions or printings of a certain book may be designated as unique despite
the fact that they are essentially the same book. However, the fact that the percentages of “owned by 10 or fewer” and “owned by one”
are extremely high means that even with a generous allowance for shortcomings in the analysis, the concept of the “Vanilla Library”
that has caused such great concern over the last few decades is not a reality. All academic libraries do not own essentially the same
books—not even close!
The disciplines that show somewhat more duplication of titles across libraries are Education, Psychology, Sociology, Chemistry, and
Performing Arts. But even in these cases, the percentage held by 10 or fewer libraries does not fall below 85%.
50
Percent of All Titles in Each Humanities Division
Shared by 10 or Fewer Libraries
100%
90%
3.01%
5.04%
80%
11.08%
3.07%
5.32%
2.88%
5.08%
8.34%
8.60%
3.34%
5.30%
9.02%
70%
60%
3.46%
5.46%
8.75%
5.47%
9.28%
17.88%
22.20%
21.90%
3.74%
20.33%
19.38%
18.14%
50%
40%
30%
48.75%
53.50%
48.62%
47.98%
46.52%
20%
10 libraries
9 libraries
8 libraries
7 libraries
6 libraries
5 libraries
4 libraries
3 libraries
2 libraries
1 library
42.24%
10%
0%
LANGUAGE,
LINGUISTICS, &
LITERATURE
PHILOSOPHY &
RELIGION
HISTORY & AUXILIARY ART & ARCHITECTURE
SCIENCES
MUSIC
PERFORMING ARTS
51
Percent of All Titles in Each Social Science Division
Shared by 10 or Fewer Libraries
100%
90%
3.94%
80%
5.76%
5.07%
7.09%
3.06%
4.68%
7.41%
70%
8.21%
9.17%
3.39%
5.24%
8.71%
3.35%
5.09%
2.89%
4.08%
8.21%
6.43%
3.50%
5.05%
4.08%
7.83%
7.99%
17.63%
15.09%
43.63%
44.77%
SOCIOLOGY
PSYCHOLOGY
5.17%
15.43%
60%
19.08%
17.51%
26.30%
21.12%
20.05%
50%
40%
30%
47.71%
48.07%
LAW
PHYSICAL
EDUCATION &
RECREATION
20%
10 libraries
9 libraries
8 libraries
7 libraries
6 libraries
5 libraries
4 libraries
3 libraries
2 libraries
1 library
52.31%
44.08%
46.24%
45.60%
BUSINESS &
ECONOMICS
ANTHROPOLOGY
POLITICAL
SCIENCE
10%
0%
EDUCATION
52
Percent of All Titles in Each Science Division
Shared by 10 or Fewer Libraries
100%
90%
2.28%
3.99%
5.90%
3.72%
5.74%
80%
13.71%
9.56%
5.80%
5.08%
4.30%
4.15%
7.29%
6.35%
6.16%
10.54%
9.76%
7.38%
70%
18.60%
60%
10.76%
12.78%
4.52%
5.69%
5.13%
7.94%
6.63%
8.93%
17.74%
50%
13.41%
17.52%
18.73%
18.41%
15.54%
40%
69.90%
30%
10 libraries
9 libraries
8 libraries
7 libraries
6 libraries
5 libraries
4 libraries
3 libraries
2 libraries
1 library
52.20%
20%
38.40%
42.00%
43.64%
MEDICINE
BIOLOGICAL
SCIENCES
46.56%
39.51%
36.97%
10%
0%
AGRICULTURE
ENGINEERING &
TECHNOLOGY
COMPUTER
SCIENCE
PHYSICAL
SCIENCES
MATHEMATICS
CHEMISTRY
53
Percent of All Titles in Each "Other" Division
Shared by 10 or Fewer Libraries
100%
90%
80%
2.88%
4.23%
3.30%
6.96%
5.42%
9.21%
70%
17.37%
60%
19.52%
50%
40%
30%
59.16%
10 libraries
9 libraries
8 libraries
7 libraries
6 libraries
5 libraries
4 libraries
3 libraries
2 libraries
1 library
48.81%
20%
10%
0%
GEOGRAPHY & EARTH SCIENCES
LIBRARY SCIENCE, GENERALITIES & REFERENCE
54
Percent of 1983-2002 Titles in Each Humanities Division Shared by 10 or Fewer Libraries
100
90
2.92
5.07
80
3.55
4.97
3.13
4.97
2.44
4.16
7.32
9.05
7.79
2.93
5.13
8.44
7.49
70
3.26
5.00
8.77
60
22.12
18.73
21.05
19.41
17.59
17.48
50
40
30
49.94
50.69
50.09
52.03
10 Libraries
9 Libraries
8 Libraries
7 Libraries
6 Libraries
5 Libraries
4 Libraries
3 Libraries
2 Libraries
1 Library
49.27
43.36
20
10
0
LANGUAGE,
LINGUISTICS, &
LITERATURE
PHILOSOPHY &
RELIGION
ART &
ARCHITECTURE
HISTORY &
AUXILIARY
SCIENCES
MUSIC
PERFORMING
ARTS
55
Percent of 1983-2002 Titles in Each Social Science Division
Shared by 10 or Fewer Libraries
100
90
4.23
80
8.32
4.74
70
9.50
2.99
4.36
3.83
7.36
5.42
3.46
4.42
7.63
7.24
5.31
3.16
4.02
20.19
16.70
15.39
18.58
19.52
46.22
46.36
3.79
7.38
6.97
17.78
13.54
6.03
5.77
60
3.30
4.70
5.36
14.74
50
40
30
48.50
45.80
PHYSICAL
EDUCATION &
RECREATION
LAW
49.82
50.99
44.03
20
10 Libraries
9 Libraries
8 Libraries
7 Libraries
6 Libraries
5 Libraries
4 Libraries
3 Libraries
2 Libraries
1 Library
47.28
10
0
ANTHROPOLOGYBUSINESS &
ECONOMICS
POLITICAL
SCIENCE
EDUCATION
SOCIOLOGY PSYCHOLOGY
56
Percent of 1983-2002 Titles in Each Science Division
Shared by 10 or Fewer Libraries
100
90
4.15
6.59
80
8.53
3.89
5.98
6.11
4.81
7.87
7.35
6.60
11.32
9.37
7.31
9.79
70
17.77
17.35
60
5.30
5.69
7.50
8.27
10.71
11.42
7.79
8.56
50
6.38
9.82
16.60
18.56
13.20
17.68
17.69
14.48
40.10
38.48
37.25
37.43
40
30
56.57
53.34
20
43.19
38.71
10 Libraries
9 Libraries
8 Libraries
7 Libraries
6 Libraries
5 Libraries
4 Libraries
3 Libraries
2 Libraries
1 Library
10
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57
Percent of 1983-2002 Titles in Each "Other" Division
Shared by 10 or Fewer Libraries
100
90
3.89
80
4.91
7.80
70
60
3.09
4.52
7.69
15.82
18.27
50
40
30
54.33
10 Libraries
9 Libraries
8 Libraries
7 Libraries
6 Libraries
5 Libraries
4 Libraries
3 Libraries
2 Libraries
1 Library
49.75
20
10
0
GEOGRAPHY & EARTH SCIENCES
LIBRARY SCIENCE, GENERALITIES & REFERENCE
58