BIOMASS POTENTIAL IN UKRAINE
The fuel cost in the price of the heat energy
Type of fuel
Natural gas
Wood chips
Energy crops
Straw
Unit
Value
€/Gcal
20
€/MWh
€/Gcal
€/MWh
€/Gcal
€/MWh
€/Gcal
€/MWh
17,5
10
8,6
7,8
6,7
9,9
8,5
Biomass potential in Ukraine
Ukraine is one of the most energy intensive countries in the world. In Ukraine the primary
energy consumption has been quite the same during the last few years. The primary energy
consumption in the year 2005 was 143,6 Mtoe (or 205,2 Mtce, or 1670 TWh). About 79 % of the
total energy consumption in Ukraine in 2005 was produced by fossil fuels like coal, oil and
natural gas.
In EU biomass consumption is increased during the last few years. Ukraine is showing increased
interest towards renewable energy. The Energy Committee of Ukrainian Parliament has
undertaken coordination in preparation of energy strategy of Ukraine for the period until 2030
including the section of renewables. The strategy passed through the Parliament in March 2006.
According to the strategy, the targeted utilization rate of renewable sources of energy would be
6,6 Mtoe (4,7 % of Primary Energy Consumption (PEC)) in 2010 and 24,6 Mtoe (17,5 % of
PEC) in 2030. The target figure for biomass is 1,9 Mtoe (1,35 % of PEC) in 2010 and 6,5 Mtoe
(4,6 % of PEC) in 2030.
Bioenergy could supply a substantial part of the energy needs of individual communities in
Ukraine. It could improve energy security and, in particular, improve energy supply to areas with
poor energy infrastructure. Agriculture, real estate and transport are likely to be the biggest
consumers of energy from renewable sources. Bioenergy can offer new opportunities for job
creation, especially in areas of high unemployment. Further, land that, because of contamination,
is unsuitable for growing edible plants could be used for energy crops. Development of
bioenergy and, in general, the renewable energy sector, could help resolve many environmental
problems associated with the energy sector in Ukraine, as well as in other countries.
Total annual optimistic bioenergy potential in Ukraine is estimated to be 12,3 Mtoe (9 % of total
PEC). The most promising technologies are direct combustion of biomass for heat production,
production of biogas from manure on large animal farms, extraction and utilization of landfill
gas, co-combustion of biomass and fossil fuel for power production.
There are a lot of biomass energy sources in Ukraine. The biomass fuels are mainly wood
residues from forest industry and residues from agriculture. The wood residues and byproducts
from mill processing contain sawdust, shavings, slabs and bark. Logging residues contain tops
and branches and dead trees from final felling and logging residues and small wood from
thinning from young stands. Wood residues are chipped or crushed and delivered to power plant
where they are burnt and produced heat and power.
Agriculture residues contain of straw from cereal crops like wheat, barley and oat. In maize and
sunflower production the stems and other residues are possible to utilize as a fuel. Straw and
stems are chopped and used as a fuel like wood wastes.
Also manure is a product that is possible to utilize as raw material for biogas production. Biogas
is a product of anaerobic digestion process. The process uses biomass resources as animal
manure, waste from food processing industry, sewage sludge or separated household waste. The
process generates methane-rich biogas and liquid fertilizer with good nutrient value.
Basic parameters of different biomass fuels
Parameter
Logging
residue
chips
Whole
tree
chips
Sawdust
Shavings
Recycling
wood
chips
Straw
Moisture content, w-%
Effective heating value in dry
matter, MJ/kg
50-60
18,5-20
45-55
18,5-20
50-55
18,9-19.2
5-15
18,9
15-35
18-21
17-25
17,9-18,7
Effective heating value
as
received, MJ/kg
Bulk density as received,
kg/loose-m3
Effective heating value as
received, MWh/loose-m3
Ash content in dry matter, %
6-9
7-10
12-16
12,4-14,0
250-300
250-350
250-300
80-120
150-250
80
0,7-0,9
0,5-0,8
0.4-0.7
0.5
0.6-0.8
0,3-0,4
1-3
1-2
0,4-1,1
0,4
0,4-1
5
Regional biomass potential in Ukraine has been calculated in this report based on the available
statistical data from forestry and agriculture of 2004. Calculation has been produced for each of
the 25 regions of Ukraine. That kind of the detailed calculation gives us the opportunity to
estimate every region from the point of view of biomass potential.
The calculation of the regional potential is based on the data from the statistics from agriculture,
trade and forest.
Wood residues, evaluated in calculation, are logging residues from final and fellings and
thinnings, forest industry residues and firewood. The total amount of logging residues, forest
industry residues and firewood have been obtained from the relevant statistical report of the State
Forest Committee of Ukraine.
It is assumed that 50 % of the total logging residue amount in Ukraine is able to be harvested for
fuel. All forest industry residues are evaluated to be used for fuel. Data for logging wood based
residues are available only from the State Forestry Committee of Ukraine. About 68,3 % of the
forest land are managed by the State Forestry Committee of Ukraine. Also the potential from the
rest forest land is taken into account in the calculation. It has been assumed that the rest 31,7 %
of forest land has the same distribution of wood resources as the state forest land. The energy
content of wood fuels is assumed to be 9,0 MJ/kg.
Agriculture residues are straw from winter and spring crops, maize stems and ears, sunflower
husks and stems. Dealing with straw, it is to be noted that straw used also for other purposes like
fodder and bedding purposes. This other use reduces the amount of straw available for energy
production. It is assumed that 30 % of the remaining amount of straw is possible to harvest for
fuel. Also part of the maize stems is used for other purposes. It is assumed that 50 % of the rest
amount of maize stems could be used for energy production. It is assumed that 100 % of the
sunflower husks and 80 % of the sunflower stems is used for fuel.
Manure is assumed to be used to produce biogas. Only 62 % of manure is assumed to be
available for anaerobic digestion.
The highest biomass potential is in Odesa (0,64 Mtoe/a), Dnipropetrovs’k 0,56 Mtoe/a), in
Poltava (0,51 Mtoe/a), in Kirovohrad (0,49 Mtoe/a), in Zaporizhya (0,44 Mtoe/a), in Donets’k
(0,43 Mtoe/a) and Kharkiv (0,41 Mtoe/a) regions. These regions cover 47,8 % of the total
biomass resources. These regions are located in western and southern Ukraine and that is why
there is lot of agriculture activities in these regions. The agriculture residues cover more than 79
% of the total biomass resources in these regions.
Also there is lot of biomass resources in Mykolayiv (0,40 Mtoe/a), in Kyiv (0,38 Mtoe/a), in
Kherson (0,32 Mtoe/a), in Chernihiv (0,31 Mtoe/a) and in Vinnytsya (0,29 Mtoe/a) regions.
These regions cover 23,4 % of the total biomass potential. These regions are also important
agriculture areas. The share of agriculture residues in these regions are more than 71 % of the
total biomass resources.
The potential from wood residues (forest, wood processing industry) is high in west in the
Zhytomyr (0,12 Mtoe/a), Zakarpattia (0,09 Mtoe/a), in Kyiv (0,073 Mtoe/a), in L’viv (0,062
Mtoe/a), in Kharkiv (0,058 Mtoe/a) and in Sumy (0,048 Mtoe/a) regions. These regions cover
46,7 % of the total biomass potential in Ukraine. These are situated in the western and northern
Ukraine (except Mykolayiv) where are the forests and forest industry located. The share of wood
from the total biomass potential in the regions is between 58,7 – 14,3 %.
The highest manure potential is in L’viv (0,039 Mtoe/a) and in Donets’k (0,039 Mtoe /a) regions.
Biomass potential of Ukraine, per type of biomass.
Biomass type
Agriculture:
- Winter and spring
crop straw
- Maize stems
- Maize ears
- Sunflower husks
- Sunflower stems
Manure:
- Cattle
- Pigs
- Sheep/Goats
- Horses
- Poultry
Wood:
- Logging residues
Amount
Share of biomass
available for energy
production
Biogas
amount (for
manure only)
LHV
Energy
potential of
biomass
Mm3
MJ/kg
Mtoe
(Wet)
kton
(Wet)
%
kton (Wet)
23.797,11
30
7.139,13
15,7
2,6782
9.866,13
11,31
431,21
4.575,17
50
50
100
80
4.933,06
5,66
431,21
3.660,13
13,7
14,7
15,4
13,7
1,6149
0,0020
0,1590
1,1982
33.976,58
6.037,78
1.007,29
2.207,72
2.590,88
62
62
62
62
62
21.065,48
3.743,42
624,52
1.368,79
1.606,35
20,0
20,0
20,0
20,0
20,0
0,4626
0,0780
0,0145
0,0317
0,0820
878,70
50
439,35
9,0
0,0945
849,15
143,11
26,54
58,17
150,52
- Forest industry
residues
- Firewood
475,60
100
475,60
9,0
0,1023
2.149,20
100
2.149,20
9,0
0,4622
Agriculture Potential, Mtoe
5,6523
Manure Potential, Mtoe
0,6687
Wood Potential, Mtoe
0,9648
7,2858
Total Biomass Potential, Mtoe
Biomass potential of Ukraine by regions.
REGION
Agriculture
potential
Manure
potential
Wood
Total biomass
potential
potential
Mtoe 1
%
Mtoe
%
Mtoe
%
Mtoe
%
KRYM
0,1310
2,32%
0,0185
2,77%
0,0102
1,05%
0,1597
2,19%
VINNYTSYA
0,2202
3,90%
0,0317
4,75%
0,0390
4,04%
0,2909
3,99%
VOLYN’
0,0407
0,72%
0,0346
5,17%
0,0437
4,53%
0,1190
1,63%
DNIPROPETROVS’K
0,5335
9,44%
0,0261
3,91%
0,0045
0,46%
0,5640
7,74%
DONETS’K
0,3817
6,75%
0,0387
5,79%
0,0064
0,66%
0,4268
5,86%
ZHYTOMYR
0,0543
0,96%
0,0320
4,79%
0,1229
12,74%
0,2092
2,87%
ZAKARPATTIA
0,0520
0,92%
0,0185
2,76%
0,0904
9,37%
0,1609
2,21%
ZAPORIZHYA
0,4247
7,51%
0,0166
2,49%
0,0011
0,11%
0,4424
6,07%
IVANO-FRANKIVS’K
0,0089
0,16%
0,0224
3,35%
0,0447
4,63%
0,0760
1,04%
KYIV
0,2741
4,85%
0,0320
4,78%
0,0725
7,51%
0,3785
5,20%
KIROVOHRAD
0,4424
7,83%
0,0191
2,86%
0,0310
3,21%
0,4926
6,76%
LUGANS’K
0,1433
2,53%
0,0194
2,91%
0,0255
2,64%
0,1882
2,58%
L’VIV
0,0216
0,38%
0,0391
5,85%
0,0621
6,44%
0,1228
1,68%
MYKOLAYIV
0,3764
6,66%
0,0142
2,13%
0,0064
0,66%
0,3970
5,45%
ODESA
0,5850
10,35%
0,0373
5,58%
0,0172
1,78%
0,6395
8,78%
POLTAVA
0,4536
8,02%
0,0372
5,57%
0,0194
2,01%
0,5102
7,00%
RIVNE
0,0488
0,86%
0,0261
3,90%
0,0407
4,22%
0,1156
1,59%
SUMY
0,1221
2,16%
0,0216
3,22%
0,0480
4,98%
0,1917
2,63%
TERNOPIL’
0,0474
0,84%
0,0254
3,79%
0,0185
1,92%
0,0913
1,25%
1
LHV of oil equivalent fuel equals to 41,85 MJ/kg
KHARKIV
0,3208
5,68%
0,0287
4,29%
0,0581
6,03%
0,4077
5,60%
KHERSON
0,2859
5,06%
0,0228
3,41%
0,0149
1,55%
0,3237
4,44%
KHMEL’NYTS’KIY
0,1085
1,92%
0,0356
5,32%
0,0262
2,72%
0,1703
2,34%
CHERKASY
0,3210
5,68%
0,0289
4,32%
0,0456
4,73%
0,3955
5,43%
CHERNIVTSI
0,0338
0,60%
0,0144
2,16%
0,0534
5,53%
0,1017
1,40%
CHERNIHIV
0,2206
3,90%
0,0277
4,14%
0,0626
6,48%
0,3108
4,27%
UKRAINE
5,6523
100 %
0,6687
100% 0,9648
100%
7,2858
100%
Biomass Potential of Ukraine. Contribution of different kinds of biomass by
regions.
REGION
Agriculture
potential
Mtoe
%
Manure potential
Mtoe
%
Wood potential
Mtoe
%
Total Biomass
potential
Mtoe
%
KRYM
0,1310
82,06%
0,0185
11,58%
0,0102
6,36%
0,1597
100,00%
VINNYTSYA
0,2202
75,68%
0,0317
10,91%
0,0390
13,41%
0,2909
100,00%
VOLYN’
0,0407
34,22%
0,0346
29,07%
0,0437
36,71%
0,1190
100,00%
DNIPROPETROVS’K
0,5335
94,58%
0,0261
4,63%
0,0045
0,79%
0,5640
100,00%
DONETS’K
0,3817
89,43%
0,0387
9,07%
0,0064
1,49%
0,4268
100,00%
ZHYTOMYR
0,0543
25,96%
0,0320
15,31%
0,1229
58,74%
0,2092
100,00%
ZAKARPATTIA
0,0520
32,30%
0,0185
11,49%
0,0904
56,21%
0,1609
100,00%
ZAPORIZHYA
IVANOFRANKIVS’K
KYIV
0,4247
96,00%
0,0166
3,76%
0,0011
0,24%
0,4424
100,00%
0,0089
11,66%
0,0224
29,50%
0,0447
58,84%
0,0760
100,00%
0,2741
72,40%
0,0320
8,45%
0,0725
19,14%
0,3785
100,00%
KIROVOHRAD
0,4424
89,82%
0,0191
3,88%
0,0310
6,30%
0,4926
100,00%
LUGANS’K
0,1433
76,14%
0,0194
10,33%
0,0255
13,53%
0,1882
100,00%
L’VIV
0,0216
17,56%
0,0391
31,86%
0,0621
50,58%
0,1228
100,00%
MYKOLAYIV
0,3764
94,81%
0,0142
3,58%
0,0064
1,61%
0,3970
100,00%
ODESA
0,5850
91,48%
0,0373
5,83%
0,0172
2,69%
0,6395
100,00%
POLTAVA
0,4536
88,91%
0,0372
7,30%
0,0194
3,80%
0,5102
100,00%
RIVNE
0,0488
42,19%
0,0261
22,59%
0,0407
35,22%
0,1156
100,00%
SUMY
0,1221
63,71%
0,0216
11,25%
0,0480
25,04%
0,1917
100,00%
TERNOPIL’
0,0474
51,98%
0,0254
27,77%
0,0185
20,25%
0,0913
100,00%
KHARKIV
0,3208
78,70%
0,0287
7,04%
0,0581
14,26%
0,4077
100,00%
KHERSON
0,2859
88,34%
0,0228
7,04%
0,0149
4,61%
0,3237
100,00%
KHMEL’NYTS’KIY
0,1085
63,74%
0,0356
20,88%
0,0262
15,38%
0,1703
100,00%
CHERKASY
0,3210
81,17%
0,0289
7,30%
0,0456
11,54%
0,3955
100,00%
CHERNIVTSI
0,0338
33,30%
0,0144
14,21%
0,0534
52,50%
0,1017
100,00%
CHERNIHIV
0,2206
70,96%
0,0277
8,91%
0,0626
20,13%
0,3108
100,00%
UKRAINE
5,6523 77,58% 0,6687 9,18% 0,9648 13,24% 7,2858 100,00%
0%
1%
2%
3%
5%
6%
7%
8%
9%
3,90%
VINNYT SYA
0,72%
9,44%
DNIPROPET ROVS'K
6,75%
DONET S'K
ZHYT OMYR
0,96%
ZAKARPAT T IA
0,92%
7,51%
ZAPORIZHYA
IVANO-FRANKIVS'K
0,16%
4,85%
KYIV
7,83%
KIROVOHRAD
2,53%
LUHANS'K
L'VIV
0,38%
6,66%
MYKOLAYIV
10,35%
ODESA
8,02%
POLT AVA
RIVNE
0,86%
2,16%
SUMY
T ERNOPIL'
0,84%
5,68%
KHARKIV
5,06%
KHERSON
1,92%
KHMEL'NYT S'KIY
5,68%
CHERKASY
CHERNIVT SI
CHERNIHIV
10% 11% 12%
2,32%
KRYM
VOLYN'
4%
0,60%
3,90%
Figure 1. Agriculture potential (straw, maize stems, maize ears, sunflower husks,
stems) by Regions.
0,00%
1,00%
2,00%
3,00%
4,00%
5,00%
6,00%
2,77%
KRYM
4,75%
VINNYT SYA
5,17%
VOLYN'
3,91%
DNIPROPET ROVS'K
5,79%
DONET S'K
4,79%
ZHYT OMYR
2,76%
ZAKARPAT T IA
ZAPORIZHYA
2,49%
3,35%
IVANO-FRANKIVS'K
4,78%
KYIV
KIROVOHRAD
2,86%
LUHANS'K
2,91%
5,85%
L'VIV
MYKOLAYIV
2,13%
5,58%
ODESA
5,57%
POLT AVA
3,90%
RIVNE
3,22%
SUMY
3,79%
T ERNOPIL'
4,29%
KHARKIV
3,41%
KHERSON
5,32%
KHMEL'NYT S'KIY
4,32%
CHERKASY
CHERNIVT SI
2,16%
CHERNIHIV
Figure 2. Potential of biogas from manure by regions.
4,14%
7,00%
0%
KRYM
2%
4%
6%
0,46%
0,66%
12,74%
9,37%
ZAKARPAT T IA
0,11%
4,63%
IVANO-FRANKIVS'K
7,51%
KYIV
3,21%
KIROVOHRAD
2,64%
LUHANS'K
6,44%
L'VIV
MYKOLAYIV
ODESA
POLT AVA
0,66%
1,78%
2,01%
4,22%
RIVNE
4,98%
SUMY
T ERNOPIL'
1,92%
6,03%
KHARKIV
KHERSON
KHMEL'NYT S'KIY
CHERKASY
CHERNIVT SI
CHERNIHIV
14%
4,53%
ZHYT OMYR
ZAPORIZHYA
12%
4,04%
VOLYN'
DONET S'K
10%
1,05%
VINNYT SYA
DNIPROPET ROVS'K
8%
1,55%
2,72%
4,73%
5,53%
6,48%
Figure 3. Wood Potential of Ukraine by Regions.