Name______________ Date_____
Chapter 1, lesson 1
What are the properties of ____________?
Gold is an example of a
* Elements:
______ _____________
Living things contain mostly
____________, ___________, hydrogen,
nitrogen, sulfur, and phosphorus.
These few elements in many
_________________ make up nearly
_____________ known minerals on
Earth.
_____ of our body is carbon, hydrogen,
oxygen, and nitrogen.
Our body is _______ oxygen.
Oxygen is found in ___________,
_____________, _____________, and
____________________________.
Water:
* Physical properties:
Ex. Copper is shiny and solid
___________ = the amount of
____________ in an object.
___________ = the pull of gravity
(scale)
* Chemical properties:
Ex. Wood burns and makes ash and
gasses.
Name______________ Date_____
Chapter 1, lesson 1
What are the properties of matter?
Gold is an example of a
Pure element.
* Elements: are building blocks of
matter They cannot be broken down
into smaller pieces.
Living things contain mostly carbon,
oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, sulfur, and
phosphorus.
These few elements in many
combinations make up nearly 3,500
known minerals on Earth.
96 % of our body is carbon, hydrogen,
oxygen, and nitrogen.
Our body is 60% oxygen.
Oxygen is found in water, proteins,
sugars and
fats in our body.
Water: is the most important substance
to all living things.
* Physical properties: what can be seen
or measured without changing a
material.
Ex. Copper is shiny and solid
Mass= the amount of matter in an object.
Weight = the pull of gravity (scale)
* Chemical properties: tell how the
substance forms new substances when
it mixes with something else.
Ex. Wood burns and makes ash and
gasses.
Name______________ Date_______
Chapter 4, Lesson 2
What makes up matter?
Diagram of an ___________
All __________ is made of atoms.
Atoms are ___________ of
elements. __________ combine to
form _______________.
*Atom:
The __________ of an atom
determines how the element can
combine with other ____________.
Pure substances such as
aluminum are made up of
_________ ________.
Nucleus:
Neutrons:
Protons:
Atoms are made of ___________
________. (__________, _________,
__________, and ____________)
* Atomic number:
Electrons:
Diagram of a ____________
*Molecule:
A molecule is the smallest part of
a ____________ made from more
than one _______ that still has the
______________ of that substance.
Name______________ Date_______
Chapter 4, Lesson 2
What makes up matter?
Diagram of an atom
All matter is made of atoms.
Atoms are particles of elements.
Atoms combine to form
molecules.
*Atom: smallest particle of an
element that has the same
properties of the element.
The structure of an atom
determines how the element can
combine with other elements.
Pure substances such as
aluminum are made up of tiny
atoms.
Nucleus: The center of the atom
Neutrons: No electrical charge
Protons: Positive charge
Electrons: Negative charge
Diagram of a molecule
Atoms are made of smaller parts.
(nucleus, neutrons, protons, and
electrons.)
* Atomic number: the number of
protons in a nucleus. The atomic
number is the element’s most
important property.
*Molecule: are formed when
atoms combine.
A molecule is the smallest part of
a substance made from more
than one atom that still has the
properties of that substance.
Chapter 4, lesson 2 continued
_________ ___________
*Periodic Table:
Similar properties
are __________
____________
_____________ of
one or two letters.
Each __________ is
made of one kind
of _________
Metals:
Nonmetals:
Each column is a
group or _________
and has similar
_________________.
Metalloids:
Metals such as gold
and _________ are
pure ___________
and made of one
kind of _________.
Metals that are not
pure elements are
made of ________
than one kind of
_________.
__________ are made of mixing a metal with
another ___________. (steel is made from iron
and _________).
Chapter 4, lesson 2 continued
Periodic Table of Elements
Metals: usually solid, good conductors of
electricity, may be hammered
Nonmetals: brittle, poor conductors of heat and
electricity
Metalloids: some properties of both
*Periodic Table:
Elements are in
order by atomic
number and
chemical
properties.
Similar
properties are
grouped
together.
Symbol of one
or two letters.
Each element is
made of one
kind of atom.
Each column is a
group or family
and has similar
properties.
Metals such as
gold and copper
are pure
elements and
made of one
kind of atom.
Alloys are made of mixing a metal with another
element. (steel is made from iron and carbon).
Metals that are
not pure
elements are
made of more
than one kind of
atom.
Ch. 1, Lesson 3
What are compounds?
Example of a _______________
*Compound:
Most things you see around you
are ______________because
compounds have
_________________ made of more
than one kind of _______________.
____________
Every compound has a
______________ that shows how
many ___________ of each
________________ are in the
compound.
Ex. Water H20 ____ Hydrogen
____ Oxygen
Salt ____________ form by
________________ making a
________________ pattern.
Ex. Cube shape
Sodium Chloride= _____________
Many kinds of __________.
Salts are ______________ made of
particles held together by
______________ _______________.
The particles may be _________
atoms.
Particles with more ___________
than protons have a ____________
charge. More _____________ = a
_____________ _____________
Ch. 1, Lesson 3
What are compounds?
Example of a Compound
*Compound:
Matter made of a combination of
two or more elements.
Most things you see around you
are compounds because
compounds have molecules made
of more than one kind of element.
Salt
Every compound has a formula
that shows how many atoms of
each element are in the
compound.
Ex. Water H20 2 Hydrogen
1 Oxygen
Salt crystals form by particles
making a regular pattern.
Ex. Cube shape
Sodium Chloride= table salt
Many kinds of salts.
Salts are compounds made of
particles held together by
opposite charges.
The particles may be charged
atoms.
Particles with more electrons than
protons have a negative charge.
More protons = a positive charge
Ch. 1, Lesson 4
“How can we separate mixtures?”
Example of a ______________
Sometimes ___________ and
_______________ are mixed
together but not
______________
_________________.
*Mixtures:
Ex. Soup
You can ___________ the
materials of mixtures.
*Solutions:
(To dissolve means to spread
evenly and not settle to the
bottom.)
*Solute:
Ex. chocolate syrup
*Solvent
Ex. milk
*Solubility:
Ch. 1, Lesson 4
“How can we separate mixtures?”
Example of a Mixture
Sometimes elements and
compounds are mixed together
but not chemically combined.
*Mixtures: different materials
are placed together but they
keep their own properties.
Ex. Soup
You can separate the materials
of mixtures.
*Solutions: a special kind of
mixture in which a substance
is dissolved.
(To dissolve means to spread
evenly and not settle to the
bottom.)
*Solute: the substance that
dissolves
Ex. chocolate syrup
*Solvent: the substance is
which the solute is being
dissolved
Ex. milk
*Solubility: physical property
of a substance