Nanobioprocessing section
Larry Walker (Cornell); Vince Bralts (Purdue); K.
Muthukumarappan (SDSU); Sandun Fernando
(Nebraska); Ali Demirci (Penn State); Terry Walker
(Clemson)
Terminology:
Bioprocessing: process by which we use a biological
process to create a desired compound from a defined
feedstock by use of "bioreactor" including anaerobic
digesters, agricultural fields, etc. – inclusive of
metabolic engineering to enhance these processes
nanobioprocessing – by way to use nanotechnology
to achieve the above goal
- use of molecular probes
- structure and biodynamics
- devices that allow us to quickly do the
fingerprinting, etc.
- science
- technology: designing an order to an enzyme
process to more efficiently achieve biocatylitic
capability
- serves as a tool to characterizing the enzyme,
etc.
I.
Background:
Definition: nanoscale science and tools to help us
to develop better processes utilizing enzymes,
microbes, plants and animals
- use of genomics, proteomics, and metabolic
engineering for processing techniques at the
molecular level
- use of nanodevices for sequenceing, assaying
Key areas:
1. nanoscience and tools to define, quantify and
manipulate metabolic pathways to improve
bioprocesses:
2. prospecting (searching) and screening for
novel biocatylsts, microbes, plant and animal
cell cultures
a. (e.g. from untapped sources (microbes in
oceans, rainforest, etc.), use of molecular
ecology (e.g. find termite, isolate portions,
sequence genome, utilize protein source
from genetic isolate))
b. tools
i. nanoscale dna sequencing
ii. nanoscale proteomics
3. nanoscience and tools (microfluidics) for
separation and quantification of biomolecules
4. nanoscience and tools for nanoscale
bioreactors:
i. enzymatic processes,
ii. microbial kinetics,
iii. molecular ecological and
environmental factors (responses, etc)
iv. single or mixed culture/enzyme
systems
v. examples (use of proteomics, etc. to
improve bioprocessing goals
(bioreactors) nanoreactors; use of
mitochodria reactors, microfluidics,
molecular separation techniques
within the system)
5. biosensors: crosscutting with 1st four areas
6. selective surfaces: crosscutting with 1st four
areas
1. Metabolic Engineering
i. smaller volumes, cheaper, more
accurate, DNA sequencing tools
ii. nanoscale proteomics
1. examples: nongel proteomics
iii. nanodevices and materials for enhanced
gene insertion processes
2. Prospecting and screening
i. nanotechniques for genomics
(sequencing, quantification,
computation) and proteomics
ii. molecular ecology (isolating DNA from
prospect samples to determine diversity
through databases)
3. Separation and quantification
i. nongel proteomic tools
ii. membranes, sieves, and packing to
separate biomolecules in the range of
<100nm
iii. quantification:
1. fluorescent dyes attached to
enzymes, etc.
2. nanoparticles, tags, markers
3. quantum dots
4. fiber optics
5. mass spectrometry
4. Nanobioreactors
i. pure and mixed
cultures/tissues/enzymes with multiple
cells in a microenvironment using
nanotechniques for operation
(plumbing, etc.), enhancing production
and analysis (using quantification
techniques above)
ii. single cell/mitochondrial reactors
iii. single molecule events
5. Biosensors
6. Selective surfaces
Budget:
Brainstorming session:
Mechanisms (bioreactors/catalysts)
Nano/Micro
Enzymes/Microbes/DNA/RNA/etc
Micro
Microbes
Macro
Plants
Animal
biosensors/biomaterials/biosurfaces/microfluidics overlap all areas here (crosscutting
theme)……………
Industrial enzyme
7 mill/yr
growing 10%
genomics/proteomics
metabolic engr.
prospecting (identify players)
screening
co-fermentation
tools for each above
nanodevices for rapid sequencing
tie in to bioinformatics/genomics
tie in to carbon sequestration/environment
biocontrol schemes
specific strains vs. mixed culture
biochip
screening/ assays
drug discovery
enzyme characterization
prospecting
mematics
protein engineering/site directed mutagenesis
protein separations/novel membranes (purification) –cheese whey
secondary metabolites
nanotechniques for DNA sequencing
Nanoscale working at the micro/macro levels
molecular ecology/sampling devices
apply advanced mixed culture systems
biocontrol (biosensors) plays important role here
-better science to do large scale processes (bioproduction) better
-nanoreactors within a large reactor system
mitochodria/chloroplasts utilization
environment
food safety initiatives
Macro
Plant
Tissue culture
metabolic engr. to alter feedstock for bioreactor
pharmaceutical production in plants
heterogeneous systems
multifunctional devices
assembly of these devices
production of better plant materials
nanotech particles for enhancing gene transfer
slow release of fertilizer with nanoparticles
molecular ecology to examine symbiotic mechanisms (tool to understand mechanism)
Proteomics: prospecting, characterization, analysis, sensing
Animals:
antibiotics
mammalian cell culture
metabolic engineering for biopharmaceutical/nutraceutical/enzymes etc.
biochips for screening of mammalian cells/products
How can nanotechnology help bioprocessing:
- help us to sequence
- help us to screen
- help us to sense
- help us to metabolically engineer enzyme, microbes, animal and plant
- help us to assay small volumes
Crosscutting themes
biosensors
selective surfaces (ordered enzyme/antibody/biocompound arrays, immobilized enzyme
surfaces)
Tools in Science
sustainability
biocomplexity/biodiversity
education
Budget
USDA NRI: 10M for nonfood use (drop the bucket)
NIH: 20B
NSF: 5B
DOE: bioenergy