THE 4 BASIC STATES OF MATTER
Solids – Have definite ____________ and ___________________.
The particles (atoms or molecules) of a substance in a solid-state
__________________________ in place, but the vibration isn’t
great enough to overcome the attraction between the particles and
cause them to separate. Solids are the most _________________
type of matter.
. “Water in the Solid State”
Liquids – Have definite _____________________ but take the
_____________________ of their container. Liquids can flow
because the particles that makes up the liquid move
_____________ then the particles in a solid. As a result, the
particles of a liquid overcome some of the __________________
between them. The particles of a liquid can flow around and over
each other. If you spill a glass of water on the floor the water will
stick together enough to form puddles but will not keep its
___________________ shape. This is called Cohesion which is
the molecular attraction between similar types of molecules. The
density of a liquid is between a __________________ and ______.
‘Water in the Liquid State’
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Gases – Take on the ________________ and _________________
of its container. Gases can _________________. The particles of a
gas move the _____________________ of any state of matter.
They have the ability to overcome the ________________ between
them and separate entirely from each other. That is why a gas will
spread out in all__________________, filling up a balloon, a
room, or the atmosphere. Gases are the _____________ dense type
of matter.
Video review http://vespr.org/chemistry/phases-of-matter/properties-of-solids-liquidsand-gases
“Water in the Gaseous State”
Vocabulary To Understand Plasma State Of Matter
Atom and its Basic Parts – An atom is the smallest particle into
which an element (such as gold) can be divided and still maintain
the ____________________ of that element. Atoms are considered
the building blocks of ___________________. Atoms are made up
of smaller particles called _____________________ which have
no electrical charge (neutral), ____________________ which have
a positive (+) electrical charge, and ____________________
which have a negative (-) electrical charge. The protons and
neutrons are located in the center of an atom called the
_______________________. The electrons _______________
around the nucleus of the atom. Atoms are electrically neutral
because they have the _____________________ number of
positive protons as negative electrons.
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http://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/build-an-atom - website use
Ion – Is an atom or particle that has an ________________
charge. If an atom _______________ electrons it becomes
negatively charged because it would have more negative
________________ than positive ________________. If an atom
loses electrons it becomes _____________________ charged
because it would have more __________________ protons than
___________________ electrons.
Plasma - Plasmas are a lot like gases, but the
atoms are different because they are made up
of free electrons and ___________ of the
element. A plasma is like two gasses
intermixed – a gas of ________________
and a gas of _____________. Plasma is
electrically ___________________ because
the positive and negative charges balance each other out. Plasma is
the most common form of matter because it is found in space and
makes up the majority of matter in _____________ like our sun.
They aren't things that happen regularly on Earth. If you have ever
heard of The Northern Lights and Southern Lights, these lights in
the sky are an example of matter on the Earth in the
_________________ state.
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Finding Plasma
You won't find plasmas just anywhere. However,
there may be some in front of you. Think about a
fluorescent ____________ _____________. They
are not like regular light bulbs. Inside the long
tube is a ___________. ________________ flows
through the tube when the light is turned on. The
____________________ acts as that special
energy and charges up the gas. This charging and
exciting of the atoms creates glowing plasma
inside the bulb.
Another example of plasma is a neon sign. Just
like a fluorescent light, neon signs are glass tubes
filled with _____________. When the light is turned on, the
___________________ flows through the tube. The electricity
charges the gas, possibly neon, and creates plasma inside of the
tube. The plasma glows a special color depending on what kind of
gas is inside.
You also see plasma when you look at ___________.
___________ are big balls of gases at really high temperatures.
The high temperatures charge up the atoms and
create__________________. Stars are another good example of
how the ___________________________ of plasmas can be very
different. Fluorescent lights are ______________ compared to
really _______________ stars. They are still both forms of plasma,
even with different physical characteristics. Like a gas it does not
have a definite ________________ or _____________ but takes
the shape of its container.
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CHANGING STATES OF MATTER
Phase Diagram
Freezing is the phase change as a substance changes from a
_____________ to a ____________________.
Melting is the phase change as a substance changes from a
______________ to a ____________________.
Condensation is the phase change as a substance changes from a
____________ to a _________________.
Vaporization or evaporation is the phase change as a substance
changes from a ______________to a ______________.
Sublimation is the phase change as a substance changes from a
_____________ to a __________________ without passing
through the intermediate state of a liquid.
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Deposition is the phase change as a substance changes from a
___________ to a _________________ without passing through
the intermediate state of a liquid.
To change a substance from a solid to a liquid or a liquid to a gas
you must add _________________ energy to the particles of
matter. Adding heat energy to a substance will make the substance
expand and take up _______________ _____________ or volume.
The substance that is heated will also be ___________ dense.
To change a substance from a gas to a liquid or a liquid to a solid
you must take away ____________________ energy, which will
make the particles of matter ___________________. Taking away
heat energy will cause a substance to contract and take up
_________ ____________________ or volume.
Air pressure also affects the _______________________ in which
a solid turns to a liquid and a liquid turns to a gas. The greater the
atmospheric pressure the more _______________ energy it takes
for a material to change state. The less the atmospheric pressure
the __________________ heat energy it takes for a material to
change state. High up in the mountains water will boil at
temperatures a lot ___________________ than at sea level. It takes
______________________ to cook food in water because the
water is at a much lower temperature.
Instead of using the word vaporization we can use the word
“evaporation”. The enthalpy of a system changing state can be
viewed as the heat added or lost by the system; as we go from a
solid to gas we are _________________ heat to the system.
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