LANDMARKS OF WORLD HISTORY
A Chronology of Remarkable Natural Phenomena
Renaissance, 1501-1700
G=Geological phenomenon M=Meteorological A=Astronomical
M
M
A
A
G
M
M
G
M
M
G
M
G
M
G
G
A
G
M
G
M
M
A
M
M
G
M
M
A
M
M
M
G
M
M
A
M
A
G
M
M
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A
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M
1504
YEAR A.D.
1502
1502
China
1504
1505
1506
1506
MONTH DAY
July
1
December
February 29
January 13
1507
1510
1508 (before)
1508
1508
1509
1509
1509
June
1510
1511
August 3
September
July
29
September
September
10
July
25
September
1513
1513
1513
1514
1515
1516
1517
1517
1517
1518
1520
July
21
September
January
July
19
January
January
June
March
1520
May
1522
1523
1523
1527
1527
1528
1529
1530
1530
12
15
26
23
26
March 13
November
April
1530
1530
1530
1531
1531
1532
1532
April
12
July
February 5
February
13
September
October 8
November
January 26
August 24
November
1533
LOCATION
Santo Domingo
13 (c)
Meteorite
Jamaica
Afghanistan
Pouille
England, France
Santorin
Earthquake
Milan, Italy
Santo Domingo
9
Santo Domingo
14
26
Bavaria
Earthquake
Hekla, Iceland
4
Bellizone, Alps
Earthquake
England
30
London
Central Europe
Abdus R., China
England
Valence, France
Bavaria
Béziers, France
Erdfut
Oliva-Gandia, Spain Meteorit e
Florence, Italy
Holland
Damascus
Ecuador
1535
1536
1537
1537
1538
1538
1538
1540
1540
1540
1540?
1540
1541
1542
1543
1543
April
March
January
August
21
23
6
15
January 9
September
March 23
April
28
November
December
April
20
Guatemala
England
France
China
Switzerland
Sunspots?
1
Rome
4
Lisbon, Portugal
China, Europe
2
Ecuador
Volcano
Sweden
Mt. Etna, Sicily
Florence, Italy
Austria, Italy
Naples, Italy
China, Europe
29
Central Europe
England
S. France
Limousin, France
26
England
12
Venezuela
Mississippi
PHENOMENON
Hurricane
Near Panama
'Large star' fell with noise like thunder
Lunar eclipse
Earthquake
Ball lightning?
Cold
Part of island sank into sea
Tornado
Hurricane
Britain
Hurricane
Turkey
Holland
Nordlingen. 2,000 k.
Volcano
Cremona, Italy
Mountain fell & diverted River Brennio
Heat
Switzerland
Cold
Rain floods
Meteorites
Severe winter
Snow
Earthquake
Snow
Tornado?
2 stones fell
Fall
Thunderstorm
England
Volcano
Rain
Rain
Comet
Mild winter
'Two eyes & brows' on Sun
Venezuela
Flood
Holland
Earthquake
Halley's Comet
North Sea
Volcano
Cotopaxi flung 200 ton stone 10 miles
Halo complex
Volcano
Aurora?
Hail
Ground uplift
Comet
Italy
Warm year
Hot summer
Cold
Meteorites?
Drought
Sicily
Earthquake
Flood
D
B
W
C
G
3
S
D
M
E
C
E
S
S
M
'
L
T
6
1
G
3
P
6
R
'
H
C
V
E
C
E
N
E
1
S
M
P
S
C
2
G
B
2
V
T
V
S
G
V
S
L
R
E
C
R
M
M
G
G
A
A
G
M
A
G
G
M
G
M
G
G
M
M
A
M
M
A
M
M
A
M
M
G
A
G
M
A
M
G
M
M
G
M
A
M
M
M
M
M
G
M
M
A
G
M
M
A
A
G
G
G
A
A
A
M
G
A
M
A
A
G
G
M
G
G
1545
Lyons
1545
1545
1546
1547
1548
1550
1551
1552
1554
1560
June
25
September
April
23
November
January 3
May
19
March
21
1554
May
1554
May
5
1555
1556
1556
January 23
1556
January 24
1556
September
1558
July
7
1559
January
30
1560
June
2
1560
December
1560
December
1561
April
14
1561
May
17
1563
January 4
1563
December
1564
July
1564
October 7
1565
1566
1567
1569
August
April
9
October 30
1570
1570
1572
1572
1572
1573
1574
1574
January 12
November
January 6
November
November
February 2
October 1
November
February
13
November
December
March 17
August 4
November
November
30
1570
1575
1575
1575
1577
1577
1577
1577
1578
1578
1578
1578
1580
1580
1580
1580
April
1580
1581
1581
6
1
27
October 1
July
26
August 27
1582
1582
1582
1582
1583
1584
May
13
August 12
September
January 9
March
1584
1586
1586
England
France
England
Guatimala
Earthquake
Basel, Switzerland
Rome
Notts., England
St.Jago, Chile
Earthquake
Bohemia
1
Prussia
1
11
Switzerland
Holland
14
Brabant
Aurora
Mexico
February 4
February 22
November
May
May
1584
Belgium
1
24
July
9
6
Yorks., England
England
8
Earthquake
Bergen, Norway
England
Korea
Azores
England
Europe
Earthquake
Nörten, Germany
Meteorite
China, Europe
Thuringia
Lithuania
Peru
Earthquake
Japan
Norfolk, England
Switzerland
July
Hail
England
6
Palestine
Europe
6
Italy
Lisbon, Portugal
Saxony
Earthquake
Iceland
Korea
Yugoslavia
England
China
E. Europe
23
England
Hungary
Aurora
France
24
27
Germany
Torgau, Prussia
England
Italy
Switzerland
Earthquake
England
Guatimala
Peru
Men & beasts k. Stones larger than lemons
Hail
Europe
Earthquake
Obscuration
Thuringia
Earthquake
Aurora
Meteorite
Subterranean noise. More shocks in April
Volcano
Aurora
Earthquake
Ball lightning
Earthquake
Earthquake
Malta
Tornado
Meteorites
'Burning spears'
Coloured rain
Lillebourne
Germany
Halo complex?
Meteorites
Tornado
Bergen, Norway
Earthquake
Aurora
Volcano Paraya erupted
Anomalous phen.
Solar eclipse
Tornado
Sea retreated, great landslips
Aurora
North Sea coast
Earthquake
England
Europe
Cold
Sea flood
London
Spears & armies in the air. Again Sept. 25
Europe
Valdivia, Chile
Tornado
Tornado?
China, Europe
'Very remarkable earthquake'
Fall
Snow
Comet
China
Volcano
Earthquake
Holland, Germany, England 'Very considerable'
Shower of stones
Comet
Meteorite
Aurora
Arequipa ruined
Comet
Tornado
China
Meteorite
Landslide
Also Italy. Lake Geneva much agitated
Lightning
Earthquake
Earthquake
F
E
W
R
B
A
'
S
L
F
S
8
8
2
W
7
5
R
M
A
G
3
H
A
7
'
D
C
6
T
S
W
C
S
L
2
A
C
E
B
'
C
Y
P
S
C
S
2
T
3
P
T
T
C
3
3
M
C
S
G
M
A
A
M
M
A
G
G
A
G
M
A
M
M
G
G
G
M
G
A
G
G
G
G
A
M
G
M
M
M
A
A
M
M
M
G
A
M
G
A
G
G
M
M
M
A
G
G
A
A
G
A
A
A
M
M
A
G
A
G
G
M
G
M
G
A
A
G
G
1586
1586
1586
1587
1587
1587
1587
1588
1590
1590
1591
1592
1594
1594
1594
1595
1595
1596
1596
1597
1598
1600
1600
September
October 8
December
March 5
July
2
September
October
March 25
September
December
July
26
1601
1604
1606
September
October 9
1606
1607
1607
1607
1607
1607
1608
1608
1608
1609
March 27
January 27
February
May
28
October 27
December
January 20
May
15
November
June
March
March
1
30
March 12
June
25
July
22
December
January 3
March 7
November
July
20
1601 (c.)
1606
1609
October
1610
1610
1611
1612
1613
1615
1616
1618
1618
1618
1618
1619
1619
1620
1620
1621
1621
June
22
July
6
December
November
8
May
29
May
1
June
August
August
25
September
November
February 14
July
June
15
December
April
10
September
2
1622
1623
1623
March
1623
January 10
24
November
1624
1625
1626
1626
1627
September
June
12
July
30
1627
1628
1628
1630
November
April
9
August 28
September
1627
Japan
Gale
Germany
Lunar event?
Tornado
Holland
Korea
Comet
France
Earthquake
15
Austria
7
West Africa
Azores
Earthquake
Austria
Cold winter
Italy
Meteorites
England
Gales
Europe
Cold winter
Colombia
Volcano
France
River burst
Japan
Earthquake
England
Hekla, Iceland
Volcano
Hungary
Solar eclipse
26?
Peru
Volcano
Tyrol
River burst
Unknown
Volcano
Great eruption created haze over Scandinavia
8
Europe
China, Europe
Supernova
Germany
Drought
Japan
Earthquake
Mountain rose from sea in one night
Belgium
Gale
Severn, England
Sea flood
Switzerland
Mild winter
Prague
Sunspot
Halley's Comet
London
England
Severe winter
Dantzig
Cold spring
8
Scotland
England
Moon
England
Severe winter
Frost lasted 4 months. Thames frozen
France
Glacier advance
Lunar eclipse
2
Sanriku, Japan
Crete
Earthquake
Buildings thrown down. Also Germany to Dec. 7
Thuringia
Cloudburst
England
Late snow
Switzerland
Hot summer
Styria
Meteor
Switzerland
Earthquake
Mt. Conto in the Grisons fell, 1,200 k.
4
Switzerland
16
China
Comet
Hekla, Iceland
Volcano
Europe
Lunar eclipse
9
Europe
Jalandhar, India
Meteorite
I ron fall. Made into weapons
France
Aurora
All over France
Europe
Cold winter
Devon, England
Meteorite
Norway
Earthquake
'More violent than any remembered'
17
Germany
Azores
Earthquake
Island 1½ leagues long rose nr. St. Michel
2
Katla, Iceland
London
Waterspout
Italy
Earthquake
Apulia
Flood
Phillipines
Earthquake
Mountain 'levelled' in Cagayan province
27
Nice, France
England
Meteorites
Pleurs, Italy
Landslide
2
Azores
England
6
England
Germany
E
H
B
'
F
F
T
Y
E
S
L
W
S
1
L
M
I
S
B
1
R
E
V
E
D
N
M
H
V
S
P
C
F
D
E
1
L
1
E
F
S
H
'
R
C
T
A
M
L
A
1
M
V
O
3
1
M
3
2
V
A
G
G
A
M
A
G
G
G
G
G
M
A
A
M
M
G
A
M
A
A
A
M
G
G
G
G
M
A
A
M
A
G
A
G
A
G
A
G
M
M
M
M
G
M
M
M
G
M
M
M
A
G
M
M
M
M
M
M
G
G
M
G
G
G
M
M
M
G
A
1630
1631
1633
1634
1634
1634
1634
1636
1638
1638
1638
1638
1639
1639
1640
1640
1640
1642
1642
1642
1642
1643
1643
1643
1645
1645
1646
1646
1647?
1647
1648
1649
1650
1652
1652
1652
1653
1654
1654
1655
1657
1658
1660
1660
1660
1661
1661
1662
1662
1662
1662
1662
1663
1663
1663
1664
1664
1665
1665
1665
1666
1666
1666
1667
1667
1667
1667
1667
1667
1668
November
December
August 15
October 11
October 27
December
January 25
29
16
Ethiopia
Messina, Italy
North Sea
Belgium
Azores
Java
March 27
Italy & Sicily
June
2
New England
October 21
Devon, England
China
Meteorite?
November
29
Chile
January 27
England
April
4
Europe
April
14
Europe
June
Germany
August 4
England
December
2
Ofen, Hungary
Meteorit e
Europe
March 10
S. England
April
12
New Guinea
Earthquake
February 12
Norway
November
30
April
5
Constantinople
May
16
Hasnia, Italy?
Rochefort
Meteorite?
February 18
Saxony
Europe
September
1
September
24
April
8
Scotland
Palma, Canaries
November
2
Smyrna
March 30
Denmark
July
23
Italy
December
10
June
21
England
February 27
Europe
June
2
England
June
21
Pyrenees
November
3
February 20
Gdansk
March 21
London
Oomi, Japan
Earthquake
January 15
London
February 18
England
July
20
England
December
10
Novy-Ergi, Russia Meteorite
February 5
Canada
August 15
Russia
August 28
England
February 19
England
August 16
London
March 21
Germany
July
2
England
October
15
Canada
Earthquake
January
18
Hungary
Earthquake
April
21
Kent, England
November
Assyria
Earthquake
Schamaki
April
6
Italy
August 27
Virginia
September
1
October 23
Lincs., England
November
March 5
Europe
Alsace
Vesuvius, Italy
Volcano?
Mirage
Sea flood
Meteorites
Mt. Etna, Sicily
Volcano
Volcano
Earthquake
Earthquake
Tornado
Stone fell, destroyed many houses. Many people k.
England
Aurora
Aurora
Earthquake
Lunar eclipse
Fall
Meteorit e
'Mass' fell. 'Doubtful'
Sunspots
Aurora
Several shocks
Whirlpool
Phillipines
Earthquake
Fall
8lb. stone fell on ship, killing 2 men
Meteorite
Noctilucent clds.
Hamburg
Santorin Island
Solar eclipse
Volcano
Europe
Earthquake
Meteorites
Earthquake
Scotland
Hot summer
Cold winter
Tornado
Earthquake
Katla, Iceland
Halo complex
Aurora
Mountain sank & left level ground
Mild winter
Gale
Tornado
Fireball, detonations, shower of stones
Earthquake
Anomalous phen.
Summer cold
Haloes
Thunderstorm
Fall
Tornado?
Preceded by very loud noise
Also shock in England, prob. same date
Fall
5 towns & 45 villages ruined, 4 new mts. raised
Earthquake
Earthquake
Hurricane
St. Kitts
Tornado
Caucasia
Comet
M
V
'
F
G
S
V
S
R
S
H
S
T
A
S
F
M
B
4
A
S
M
E
W
R
5
M
M
V
M
E
C
3
M
M
B
H
G
W
M
V
2
2
L
S
'
S
H
G
2
I
B
'
2
8
5
J
H
M
E
T
A
G
A
G
M
M
A 1670
A
1671
G
M
G
G
G
M
A
A
A
G
G
M
G
1679
M
G
A
M
G
A
M
M
M
G
1686
M
M
M? 1686
M
M
M
G
M
G
G
M
M 1688
A
M
G
1690
G
G
1692
G
G
G
1693
inhab. fled
G
G
M
G
M
M
M
M
M
A
M
M
G
G
A
1668
1668
1668
1669
1669
1670
June
21
August 17
November
March 11
March 17
June
20
July
11
February
27
1671
March 31
1671
December
1672
1672
April
14
1673
1674
August 1
1676
March 21
1676
September
1677
May
28
1677
November
1678
June
17
1678
August
June
4
1680
July
18
1680
October 9
1680
November
1681
July
1682
May
2
1682
September
1684
January 1
1684
February 9
1684
December
1686
1686
July
1686
1687
1687
1687
1688
1688
1688
1688
January
May
9
July
July
August
October
31
29
4
25
20
March 1
July
10
October 30
December 20
1689
November
1690
January 11
October
17
1691
February 19
1692
1692
June
7
September
1693
1693
1694
1694
1694
1695
1695
1695
1695
1695
1697
1698
1698
1699
1700
January 9
January 13
April
22
September
November
January
June
October
May
May
June
January
29
28
4
3
19
5
Italy
Turkey
Meteorites
Earthquake
Boston, Mass.
Etna, Sicily
Volcano
France
Fall
England
Halo complex
China
Met eorit e
House damaged by fall
Ortenau, Germany Met eorit e
10 lb. stone fell
Schamaki
Earthquake
9
S. England
Greek Islands
Earthquake
Italy
Earthquake
Canaries
Volcano
Holland
Tornadoes
Italy
Meteor
20
England
Germany
Meteorites?
13
Palma, Canaries
Peru
Earthquake
Herts., England
Crop circle
Ararat
Earthquake
Devastating. Flames issued from ground
Massachusetts
Tornado
Spain
Earthquake
14
Saxony
Cape Cod
Fall
Europe
Earthquake
4
Europe
England
Severe winter
English Channel
Sea ice
23
S. England
Ternate
Volcano
'Vast shower of ashes'
Germany
Fall
Lisle, Holland
Hailstones
Leipsic
Anomaly
Fireball half size of Moon motionless 7½ minutes
Venice
Tornado
China
Typhoon
Yorkshire
Tornado
Lima, Peru
Earthquake
Boston, Mass.
Coloured snow
Jamaica
Earthquake
Smyrna
Earthquake
England
Aurora
England
Severe winter
Thames frozen to Feb. 6 '89, frost fair
24
Africa, India
England
Gale
Ireland
Earthquake
Dublin & Kilkenny
Transylvania
Earthquake
Ile de Fer
Volcano
Off African coast. Eruption lasted 6 weeks
Jamaica
Earthquake
8
Europe
Spice Islands
Volcano
Lake of fire 'took possession of ' Sorea Island,
Italy
Hekla, Iceland
Wales
8
2
Iceland
Ireland
England
Bohemia
Brazil
Hertfordshire
Norfolk
Ecuador
Java
Jamaica
Earthquake
Volcano
Anomalous phen.
Italy
Scotland
Sea ice
Fall
Cold winter
Summer cold
Comet
Hail
Late snow
Volcano
Earthquake
Meteorite?
F
6
L
L
S
7
V
F
S
1
S
U
L
M
M
V
S
O
1
E
C
B
S
H
T
I
B
D
S
T
D
D
L
R
E
2
S
C
S
3
P
E
C
A
'
E
S
W
C
F
3
T
S
F
M
B
F