Debreceni Egyetem
A környezetgazdálkodási mérnöki, illetve a természetvédelmi és vadgazda mérnöki alapképzési (BSc) szakok képesítési követelményeinek kidolgozása, a szakok beindítása. HEFOP- 3.3.1-P.-2004-09-0071/1.0 projekt
Course description
1. Title of the course: Agro-hydrology, agro-meteorology
2. Name and title of the lecturer:
3. Name of the degree program: BSC in Agricultural and Environmental Management
4. Type of course: optional (C)
5. Schedule of education: first semester, 2+1K
6. Credit value of the course: 2
7. Educational objective: To provide for the students the basic knowledge on plant-weather relationship. At first basic features of the atmosphere are studied. Finishing the meteorological hazards and the protection will be taught.
8. Personnel background: Angela Anda, Professor
9. Course content:
1. week Definition and importance of agro-meteorological and agro-hydrological studies in agricultural point of view. The place and relations of the above two subjects regarding other closer disciplines. Introduction of used special methods originated from applied meteorology in chronological order:
- parallel observations
- field measurements
- phytotron (climate chamber) studies
- remote sensing
- modeling tool.
2. week The most important physical properties of the atmosphere: content, air mass, extension, shape and stratification. Properties of the different levels scoring the lower two levels, the troposphere and stratosphere, the place of our life. The adiabatic rate (vertical temperature gradient of the air). Physical state properties of the air: air temperature, air
Debreceni Egyetem
Pannon Egyetem

Debreceni Egyetem
A környezetgazdálkodási mérnöki, illetve a természetvédelmi és vadgazda mérnöki alapképzési (BSc) szakok képesítési követelményeinek kidolgozása, a szakok beindítása. HEFOP- 3.3.1-P.-2004-09-0071/1.0 projekt pressure and density of the air. The content of the temperatures. Scales, dimensions, averages for the whole Earth and vertical changes of the elements.
3-5. weeks Role of the most important atmospheric elements (aerosols also). The Nitrogen, their variations and importance in the Earth-air system. Transformation of N variants.
Drinking water and nitrate pollution. Oxygen variants in the air and their role.
The actual global problems of the Earth: the global warming and the “hole” on the ozonosphere.
Springs and sources of gas CO
2
. The “greenhouse” effect substituting with all of the gases cause the phenomenon. Gas concentrations of the greenhouse gases from the industrial revolution until know. Causes and consequences.
Origin of the atmospehere with the most important dates. The changes will be presented by using the example of temporal modifications in the oxygen content.
6-7. weeks The almost only source of our energy supply: the importance of Sun radiation. The most important physical properties of radiation (type of energy). Basics in radiation: solar constant, types of radiation (global, direct, diffuse), scattering, albedo e.t.c. Radiation laws with their practical applications (remote sensing).
Balance in the meteorology. Radiation balances, their members. Introduction and content of short wave-, long wave- and net radiation balances.
8-9. weeks Characterization of the air temperature. Assessing plant response to air temperature modification. Crop temperature and its information. The agrometeorological aspects of soil temperature. The members of the heat balance. The amount of energy used for evaporation in case of the Earth. Local consequences (Hungary).
10-12. weeks Studies in water balance, and its components. More details on the members of simplified water balance: the precipitation and the evaporation. Determination, formation and varieties of the clouds. Relationship between raising rain and cloud formation.
Details on the processes formatting precipitation. Parameters characterizing the precipitation event: species, amount, intensity, distribution of rainfall. Examples should be presented by
Debreceni Egyetem
Pannon Egyetem

Debreceni Egyetem
A környezetgazdálkodási mérnöki, illetve a természetvédelmi és vadgazda mérnöki alapképzési (BSc) szakok képesítési követelményeinek kidolgozása, a szakok beindítása. HEFOP- 3.3.1-P.-2004-09-0071/1.0 projekt
Hungarian ones. The process of evaporation. Types of water losses. The importance of evapotranspiration in the agriculture. Bounding the heat- and water balances of different geographical areas: introduction of the aridity index. Hungary is also included. Existing connection between the aridity index and natural vegetation cover.
13-14. weeks Meteorological hazards and the microclimate together with protection possibilities. Definition and types of frost. Protection against frost damage (spraying, smoking, air mixing, heating, covering). Evaluation of different possibilities considering their limits.
Damages of winter season in autumn cereals (winterkill, perish by frost, winter drought). Definitions in dryness and drought. Irrigation under Hungarian climatic conditions.
Increased air temperatures and plant physiological processes. Protection against hail damage.
Local possibilities in Hungary by an example at Baranya county. Abundance of water: inland water. Damage of continuous water cover for plants. Fog and its decomposition.
10. Mode of assessment during the semester: one written examination
11. Type of exam: oral
12. Compulsory practice related to the course: -
13. Compulsory and recommended literature:
Anda, A. és Kocsis, T. 2006. Szemelvények meteorológiából és éghajlattanból alapszakos
(BSc) hallgatók számára. Jegyzet, PE GMK Keszthely, pp: 134.
Anda, A. és Dunkel, Z. 2000. Agrometeorológia. VE GMK Nyomdája, Keszthely. pp: 142.
Szász, G. és Tőkei, .L.( Eds.) 1997. Meteorológia mezőgazdáknak, kertészeknek, erdészeknek. Mezőgazda Kiadó, Budapest.
14. Exam themes:
1.
What are the definitions and parts of agro-meteorology and agro-hydrology?
2.
Show special methods of the subjects in chronological order giving priority to the newest ones! (remote sensing and modeling)
3.
What is the atmosphere? What are the most important physical properties of the air mass?
Debreceni Egyetem
Pannon Egyetem

Debreceni Egyetem
A környezetgazdálkodási mérnöki, illetve a természetvédelmi és vadgazda mérnöki alapképzési (BSc) szakok képesítési követelményeinek kidolgozása, a szakok beindítása. HEFOP- 3.3.1-P.-2004-09-0071/1.0 projekt
4.
Show the air stratification with the roles of the different air layers!
5.
What are the state properties of the air?
6.
The arising of the atmosphere by presenting an example theory.
7.
The role of Nitrogen in the Earth-Atmosphere system.
8.
The role of forms of Oxygen in the air. What is the ozonosphere?
9.
Introduce one of the global environmental problems, the “hole” on the ozone layer!
10.
What are the roles of CO
2
gas in the atmosphere?
11.
Evaluate consequences of global warming regarding its agricultural aspects!
12.
The energy production and emission of the Sun.
13.
Characterize the radiation of the Sun as a physical process!
14.
The radiation laws. Where and which has practical significance?
15.
Introduce the radiation balances with their importance!
16.
What is the albedo? The values for natural surfaces.
17.
Show the most important radiation characters of plant canopies!
18.
The heat balance and its spatial specifics.
19.
Evaluate the determiners of the soil temperature!
20.
Role of soil temperature in the agriculture.
21.
How does the atmosphere warming up?
22.
Daily and seasonal variations in air temperature by presenting local example.
23.
Effect of temporal air temperature on plant physiological processes.
24.
Explain the differences in use of altered heat units!
25.
The role of plant temperature.
26.
The water cycle. Global assumption.
27.
Write down the total water balance!
28.
What is the difference between the simplified and total water balances?
29.
What is the cloud? What kinds of cloud types are known?
30.
Introduce the formation of precipitation!
Debreceni Egyetem
Pannon Egyetem

Debreceni Egyetem
A környezetgazdálkodási mérnöki, illetve a természetvédelmi és vadgazda mérnöki alapképzési (BSc) szakok képesítési követelményeinek kidolgozása, a szakok beindítása. HEFOP- 3.3.1-P.-2004-09-0071/1.0 projekt
31.
Count down the parameters characterizing of precipitation!
32.
What is the amount of precipitation? (measures)
33.
Forms of precipitation.
34.
What do you mean on intensity of precipitation? Rain types.
35.
How many distributions must take into account at characterisation of rainwater? (local example)
36.
Show the evaporation as a physical process in the environment!
37.
How many types of evaporation are known?
38.
Count down the most important values for air humidity!
39.
How do you estimate the size of evaporation?
40.
The environmental and biological determinations of plant water uptake.
41.
What is the water potential? The measure of water potential in the soil-plantatmosphere system.
42.
Recount the environmental factors affecting transpiration!
43.
What is the aridity index?
44.
Count down the types of the frost! Tell also the protections where it is possible!
45.
What kinds of damages of winter weather are known? In which crops is it waited?
46.
Tell something about the principle of hail protection!
47.
Recount the meteorological indices of explaining warm weather! Show the damage of heat on plant life!
48.
What is the difference between dry and drought?
49.
What is the inland water? Protection against damage caused by inland water.
Debreceni Egyetem
Pannon Egyetem