Design And Implementation Of A Computer Based Bill Of
Material Processing System
1
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title
i
Certification
ii
Dedication
iii
Acknowledgement
iv
Abstract
v
Organization work
vi
Table of contents
viii
CHAPTER ONE
Introduction
1
1.1
Statement of problem
3
1.2
Purpose of study
4
1.3
Aims and objectives
5
1.4
Scope
5
1.5
Limitations
6
1.6
Assumptions
7
1.7
Definition of terms
7
CHAPTER TWO:
Literature review
12
CHAPTER THREE:
2
Description and analysis of the existing system.
21
3.1
fact finding methods uses
22
3.2
objectives of the existing system
23
3.3
input, process, output analysis
25
3.4
information flow diagram
30
3.5
problems of the existing system
31
3.6
justification for the new system
32
CHAPTER FOUR
Design of the new system
35
4.1
out specifications and design
35
4.2
input specifications and design
40
4.3
file design
52
4.4
procedure chart
45
4.5
system requirements
45
CHAPTER FIVE
Implementation
48
5.1
program design
48
5.2
program flowcharts
50
CHAPTER SIX
Documentation
56
3
CHAPTER SEVEN
Recommendation and conclusion
60
7.1
Recommendation
60
7.2
Conclusion
61
References
63
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
Bill of material processing can be described the compilation of the
raw materials required to produce any desired product. This means billing
the materials before processing so as to achieve a cost-effective production,
avoiding less in buying the materials for production and also in the sale of
products after production.
There are a lot of problems encountered in the manual bill of martial
processing system. It is difficult to maintain the relationship between raw
materials at the lowest level and the in which this raw materials are
combined to form final products are not shown in the manual bill of
material processing.
4
Most raw materials are used for more than one product. It becomes
difficult to determine the final products in which a particular raw materials
is used unless a separate record of the usage of raw materials is maintained.
In Nigeria, some companies are a manufacturing company that
produces spare parts (ie motorcycle or motor spare parts).
Those companies are the producers of engine blocks, piston and
Rings, brake shoes, Inner kick, Inner gear, con rod, clutch Fiber, Tyre and
Tube etc. the bill of material processing system is operated manually.
Those involved are the production manager who is in charge of
production. He lists all the raw materials that are needed for production.
The stores manager takes Inventory of available raw materials and notes
those that are not available. He then notifies the purchasing manager.
The purchasing manager who is the head of the purchasing
department is also involved. He is responsible for buying and bringing
down the materials from the source.
The Head of Finance and Accounts who is responsible for releasing
funds for the purchase of raw materials.
5
Those people co0operate with the marketing department. This is
because price of the raw materials may affect the price at which products
are marketed.
This study involves an analysis of the manual system and the design
of a new computer based system.
1.1
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
A lot of problems have been encountered in the existing
manual system of bill of material processing system. The particular
raw materials used in a product and the quantity used cannot be
traced because of the following:1.
Inefficient processing and storage system for bill of materials
information.
2.
Wrong transcriptions and mutilations by accident or on
purpose.
The information is very insecure and can be
accessed by wrong persons.
3.
Use of filling cabinets makes retrieval of information very
difficult. Also the filling cabinets are prone to termites and
rats.
6
4.
Management decisions are often based on incomplete,
incomprehensive, incorrect and unreliable information and as
such planning and other management activities are affected.
5.
Duplication of tasks will be eliminated so that the staff will
gear their talents towards more challenging and innovative
tasks.
1.2
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
The purpose of this study is to eliminate the problems that
occur to improper billing of materials.
The steps involved are:1.
To produce an inventory of all the raw materials used in
Nigeria.
2.
To critically examine the present trends in the billing system
of the companies.
3.
To identify the causes and sources of the problems
encountered in the billing of materials.
4.
To identify the effects of these problems and offer suggestions
on how to solve them.
7
5.
To serve as a reference to other researchers in this and other
related fields of study.
1.3
PURPOSE OF STUDY
The objective of this project is to design a computer-base bill
of materials processing system.
An in-depth analysis of the existing system is necessary so as
to identify the problems and to justify the development of the new
system.
The new system aims at access and retrieval to authorized
person, security and control against abuse. Efficiency and
effectiveness will be enhanced. Timely accurate and up – to – date
reports will be generated.
Most importantly, the staff will be free from boring and
repetitive chores from which they drive no job satisfaction. They can
then redirect their effort to more challenging and creative task. They
will not be made redundant by the advent of a computer – based
system.
8
1.4
SCOPE
The scope of the study covers the activities involved in the bill
of materials processing. It involves an inventory of raw materials
before productions avoiding loss in the purchase of raw materials
and selling the final products at an optimal price. This is ensure that
production is cost effective.
Due to the difficulties in determining the final products in
which a particular raw material is used, separate records will be
maintained for each product and will be made available on request to
the users of the proposed system.
1.5
LIMITATION
There are a lot of factors mutilating against the development
of this software.
However, I hope that this work will serve as a base for the
development of a more sophisticated computerized software when I
must have required the necessary acumen.
Some of these limitations are:
9
1. Financial constraints.
2. Time constraints
3. Insufficient programming knowledge
4. Inadequate manpower.
5. Administrative bottleneck co-official bureaucracy.
1.6
ASSUMPTION
I assume that accurate and reliable data will be used for
analysis so that valuable results will valid. I also assume that the
staff of Nigeria companies will co-operate with me during research.
Finally, I assume that all the objective of this study will met.
1.7
DEFINITION OF TERMS
Some basic and operational concepts have been used in this
project and it is important to explain them so that users of this work
will understand them in the context in which they are used.
ACCESS MODE
This is the means by which data in a file retrieved for
processing. Eg. Random and sequential access modes.
10
BILL OF MATERIAL PROCESSING SYSTEM
This is a manual or electronic system or (a combination of
both) that creates and maintains the product structure record and
established
relationship
between
raw
materials
at
various
hierarchical levels of production.
INTERACTION DISPLAY
These are display on the visual display unit (VDU) that allows
the user to input data or information is response to output.
INPUT
Input is a data or information transferred into a system. This
system may be manual or electronic.
MANAGER
A manager is one who forecasts, plans organizes, takes
elections, controls, co-ordinates motivates and leads in an
organization.
MENU BAR
This is a bar at the top of the screen in a software that lists the
available option (modules or sub-modules). An option may be chose
11
using the arrow keys, clicking with the mouse or pressing a function
key.
ON-LINE PROCESSING SYSTEM
In online processing mode, single transaction arriving on a
random basis are processed as they arrive. Jobs are processed at the
point of origin by means of terminals connected to and controlled by
a control processor.
Common goals, they establish a hierarchy of authority and
divide tasks according to members area of specialization so that the
human resources within the organization can be properly harnessed
to achieve set objectives.
PASSWORD
This is a code that a user of a system must supply to gain
access to software and its database.
PROCEDURE MANUAL
This is a documentation containing an ordered sequence of
processes. It shows how operations are performed in an installation.
12
PRODUCTION
This consists of all the operational activities involved in a
manufacturing process starting from the assembling of raw materials
to the finished goods or services (final products).
RAW MATERIALS
Raw materials include all inputs in the form of substances,
chemicals and reactants into a production process.
REAL TIME PROCESSING SYSTEM
This is a processing made where immediate response is get as
a result of inputting and processing data. The response (output is
required immediately because it is used for further processing).
RECORD
A record is the basic element of a file consisting of a number
of related data elements.
It can be described as a unit of data
representing a particular transaction or a collection of one or more
fields of logically related information pertaining to one person or one
thing.
13
REPORT
Reports are information generated in the form of textual,
numerical, graphical, and /or pictorial presentations to aid a variety
of functions like decision making, task sharing and performing
actions.
SYSTEM ANALYSIS
This is an in-depth analysis into the inter-relationship between the
components of system by breaking the system down to its separate
components. This is done to enable the analyst understand and
suggest solutions to the problems of the system.
14
*** INSTRUCTIONS ***
Please Read The Below Instructions Carefully.
******************************
HOW TO ORDER THIS COMPLETE MATERIAL
If you want to order the complete materials (Chapter
One to Five, Including Abstract, References, Questionnaires, Proposal (where applicable))
of
the above mentioned topic, please visit
www.freeplace.org and click on “Order” (i.e.
www.freeplace.org/order)
******************************
HOW TO BECOME OUR PARTNER
To become our partner, visit www.freeplace.org and click
on partnership.
******************************
TERMS OF USE
This Material is for Academic Research Purposes only. On
no account should you copy this material word for word.
Copying this material “Word for Word” is against our
“Terms of Use”. That you ordered this material shows you
have agreed Our ‘Terms of Use’.
******************************
15
Better is not good enough, the best is yet to come!
Endeavour to be the best!!
16