Honors Chemistry Course Syllabus Unit #1 THE STRUCTURE OF MATTER Objectives: List and describe the steps of the scientific method Discuss safety procedures in the lab Solve chemistry problems using dimensional analysis to and conversion factors Explain how to use significant digits and scientific notation. Know the metric prefixes Define the term atom Discuss Dalton’s atomic theory Explain and discuss Thompson’s, Rutherford’s and Franklins main experiments Describe the subatomic particles. Determine the number of protons, electrons and neutrons in a given ion. Define isotopes and atomic mass. Identify the major regions of the electromagnetic spectrum. Describe light in terms of wave like behavior. Describe a given atom in terms of its atomic orbitals. Determine the electron configuration for a given element. Explain why elements in a group have similar properties. Identify the four blocks of the periodic table. Identify four periodic trends and explain how each reflects the electron configurations of the elements. State Standards: 3.4.10.A1 3.4.10.A2 3.4.10.B1 3.4.10.A1 Shared Activities and Assessments: “Mendeleev For A Day” lab “Determining an Element by Spectroscopy” lab Available Equipment and Materials, Storage Location: Salts for Mendeleev lab, Chemistry storage room Spectroscopes, Room 420 Unit #2 CHEMICAL BONDING, FORMULAS AND THE MOLE Objectives: Describe the characteristics of an ionic bond. State the Octet rule. Describe the characteristics of a covalent bond. Describe the difference between polar and non polar bonds. Balance chemical equations. Define a mole, molar mass and Avagadro’s number. Use dimensional analysis to convert among moles, particles and mass of a given substance. Define molar volume. Solve percent composition problems. Solve problems involving empirical and molecular formulas. State Standards: 3.4.10.A5 3.4.10.B1 Shared Activities and Assessments: “Formula of a hydrate” lab Available Equipment and Materials, Storage Location Magnesium Sulfate Heptahydrate Chemical Storage Room Unit #3 STOICHIOMETRY Objectives: Define stoichiometry and explain its importance. Identify and solve different types of stoichiometry problems. Determine the limiting reactant in a chemical reaction. Distinguish between exothermic and endothermic reactions. Define enthalpy, Hess’s law, and calorimetry. Apply Hess’s law to determine the change in enthalpy for a reaction. Describe how a calorimeter determines heats of reaction. Use Hess’s Law in the lab to determine change in enthalpy State Standards: 3.4.10.A7 3.4.10.B1 3.4.10.B3 3.4.12.B1 Shared Activities and Assessments: “Stoichiometry with copper chloride” lab “Determining the enthalpy change of a reaction with MgO” Available Equipment and Materials, Storage Location Copper chloride, aluminum Chemical Storage Room MgO, HCl, Chemical Storage Room Unit #4 STATES OF MATTER Objectives: Describe the Kinetic-Molecular Theory and explain how it accounts for gas behavior. Explain what gas pressure means and how it is measured. Define Boyle’s and Charles’ Law and the Ideal gas law. Solve problems involving the concepts of molarity and molality. State Standards: 3.4.10.A3 3.4.10.A4, Shared Activities and Assessments: “Boyle’s Law Lab” with science workshop “Mixing a solution of appropriate molarity” activity Available Equipment and Materials, Storage Location Pressure gauges, syringes, science workshop program Room 416 Volumetric flasks, grad cylinders Room 416 sodium chloride, magnesium sulfate Chemical Storage Room Unit #5 CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM Objectives: Describe a reversible reaction. Define chemical equilibrium. Determine the equilibrium constant for a given reaction. Use the reaction quotient to determine if the reaction is at equilibrium. Explain LeChatelier’s principle. Describe how changes in concentration, pressure and temperature affect a reaction ratequilibrium. Relate the Haber process to LeChatelier’s principle. Compare dissolution and precipitation. Calculate equilibrium constants for aqueous solutions of ionic solids. Predict whether a precipitate will form using the solubility product. Write net ionic equations for the formation of various aqueous solutions. State Standards: 3.4.10.A7 3.4.12.A2 3.4.12.B1 3.4.12.B2 Shared Activities and Assessments: “Chemical equilibrium lab” “Ksp lab” Available Equipment and Materials, Storage Location sodium hydroxide, hydrochloric acid, Chemical Storage Room beakers, pipettes, burettes, pinch clamps Room 416 UNIT#6 ACIDS AND BASES Objectives: State the Bronsted-Lowery definition of acids and bases Identify common properties of acids and bases Explain what dissociation constants indicate about acids and bases Use experimental data to calculate a dissociation constant Identify the ion concentrations in pure water Describe the pH scale Explain how buffers work Describe an acid base titration Explain how indicators are used in titrations State Standards: 3.4.12.A5 3.4.10.B1 Shared Activities and Assessments: “Calculation of the acid dissociation constant” “Acid Base titration” Available Equipment and Materials, Storage Location sodium hydroxide, hydrochloric acid, Chemical Storage Room beakers, pipettes, burettes, pinch clamps Room 416 UNIT #7 REDOX CHEMISTRY Objectives: Define oxidation and reduction Explain what oxidation numbers are and how they are assigned Explain what is meant by the activity series of metals Describe some applications of redox reactions List the steps in balancing redox reactions Describe electrochemical cells Explain the operation of a voltaic cell Relate standard electrode potentials to standard cell potentials Compare batteries and fuel cells Describe applications of electrolytic cells State Standards: 3.4.10.A5 3.4.12.B2 3.4.10.B1 3.4.10.B2 3.4.10.B3 3.4.12.B2 3.4.12.B3 Shared Activities and Assessments: Oxidation/Reduction Lab Build a battery lab Electroplating lab Available Equipment and Materials, Storage Location copper sulfate, iron sulfate, iron chloride, lead sulfate, copper electrode, zinc electrode, zinc sulfate solution Chemical Storage Room spot plates, pipettes, rubber bands, distilled water Room 416 Pasco science workshop voltmeter, salt bridges Room 420 UNIT #8 KINETICS AND THERMODYNAMICS Objectives: Define the rate of chemical reaction Identify intermediate products in a reaction mechanism Describe a rate law for a chemical reaction Understand chemical reactions in terms of collision theory Define activation energy and activation complex List the factors that affect reaction rates and explain them according to collision theory Explain what is meant by a spontaneous process Relate enthalpy changes to spontaneity Define entropy Explain Gibbs free energy State Standards: 3.4.10.A4 3.4.10.A7 3.4.10.B1 3.4.12.B1 3.4.12.B2 3.4.12.B4 Shared Activities and Assessments: “Reaction rate lab” “Enthalpy, Entropy and Gibbs free energy lab” Available Equipment and Materials, Storage Location spot plates, pipettes, rubber bands, distilled water, burrettes, temperature probes, pinch clamps Room 416 potassium permanganate, potassium iodide, sodium thiosulfate, sodium hydroxide, magnesium chloride Chemical Storage Room UNIT #9 NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY Objectives: Explain what is meant by a half life Describe what happens in a nuclear bombardment reaction Describe how radiation affects living things Discuss several beneficial applications of radioisotopes Compare nuclear fission and fusion Explain how nuclear reactors are used to produce energy Explain how carbon dating is used to determine the age of an object State Standards: 3.4.10.A1 3.4.10.A7 3.4.12.B2 3.4.12.B3 3.4.10.B7 3.4.10.B3 Shared Activities and Assessments: “Nuclear Scalar Lab” Available Equipment and Materials, Storage Location nuclear scalar, samples of polonium, strontium, cobalt, Room 416 UNIT #10 ORGANIC CHEMISTRY Objectives: Explain carbon’s unique bonding properties Define organic molecules and organic chemistry Define and name various alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, halocarbons, alcohols, ethers, esters, aldehyde, ketones, carboxylic acids, amines and amides Shared Activities and Assessments: “Aromatic compounds lab” Available Equipment and Materials, Storage Location acetic acid, glycerol, ethyl alcohol, methyl alcohol Chemical Storage Room test tubes, beakers, stirring rods, pipettes, graduate cylinders Room 416