Chapter 3
England and Its Colonies
I. England and Its Colonies Prosper
Read Section 1 (P66-71)
A.
Economics
P.66
1.
Mercantilism (Definition) An economic system that controlled the
relationship between England and the colonies.
2.
Purpose: The purpose of Mercantilism was to make money for the King
and England regardless of the effect on the colonies.
Colonies
England
Raw Materials
Finished Products
Other Countries
Navigation Acts
Class Discussion: Who makes the money? The person who sells the
finished products and that was England. We would sell our raw materials
(i.e. lumber, metals, etc.) to England and they would manufacture them into
finished products (i.e. furniture, guns, etc.) We were not permitted to make
our own finished products nor were we permitted to sell to or buy from other
countries. If people like Sam Adams tried, then their ships would be seized.
Everything had to come through England.
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P.68
3.
Navigation Acts: (Definition) Laws that enforced mercantilism. They
permitted America ONLY to trade w/ England and limited what we could
make.
4.
Parliament (Definition) The English legislature that passed the
Navigation Acts.
B.
England Loosens the Reins
P.70
1. Salutary Neglect (Definition) Prior to the French & Indian War, England
did not enforce mercantilism or the Navigation Acts.
2. Why does Salutary Neglect plant the seeds of Self-Government:
America passed its own laws and did as it pleased. When England began
enforcing the Navigation Acts, Americans resented it. (Teenager Analogy).
II. The Agricultural South
Read Section 2 (P.72-78)
A. A Plantation Economy Arises
P.72
1. Cash Crop Definition: Those crops farmers grow to sell for cash rather
than to use themselves.
MD, VA, NC
SC, GA
Tobacco
Rice and later
Indigo
2. Type of farms in the South: Plantations
B. Life in Southern Society (Pre-Revolution)
P.73-75
1.
Role of Women: Did not have rights. Could not vote or own property.
Provided very little education. Subservient to husbands.
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2.
Social Hierarchy:
Aristocratic Plantation Owners called Planters (5%)
Small White Farmers
White Indentured Servants
African Slaves
C.
Slavery and the Triangular Trade (P. 76)
America
Food
Rum, etc.
Sugar, Molasses
Slaves
Africa
Middle Passage
D.
W. Indies
Middle Passage The journey African slaves were taken from Africa to the
West Indies and then America
How many died along the way? 20%
See Illustration of Slave Ship P. 76
Read Narrative of Slave P. 76
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III. Section 3 The Commercial North (Middle Colonies and New England Colonies)
Read section 3 Pp 79 – 84
A.
Comparison
Types of Farms
B.
South
Plantations
North
Small Farms
Farms Produced
Tobacco, Rice, Cotton, Wheat, Corn
Indigo
Cattle, hogs, etc
Along Rivers
Plantations developed. Small Towns and later
Factories.
Ethnicity
Mostly WASP – White, Huge variety of
Anglo-Saxon,
European Immigrants.
Protestant.
Most immigrants came to
the North.
Some Germans and
See Chart on next page.
40-60% African.
Ethnicity of Colonies (P.81)
English
52%
Scotts-Irish 7%
African
20%
Irish
5%
4
German
7%
Scottish
4%
See Chart on P. 81
Read “Nativist” sentiment from Benjamin Franklin.
Nativist = Anti-Immigrant. Favored Native born
C.
Note: Do not confuse w/ Native Americans which means
American Indians
The Age of Enlightenment
1. What was it? A time period when people looked to Reason and Science for
answers on how the world worked rather than religion.
2. Key Enlightened Europeans: Nicolaus Copernicus, Galileo Galilei, Sir
Isaac Newton.
3. Key Enlightened American: Benjamin Franklin
His famous experiment? Discovered lightening was electricity
4. Why do we learn about the Age of Enlightenment? It caused the founding
fathers to question the authority of England and the King and develop the
belief in natural rights.
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