Chapter Two
The Planting of English America
AP U.S. History
Types of Colonies
• proprietary colonies - land grants given to
individuals or small groups
• charter colonies - land grants (or charters)
given to private companies
• royal colonies - Crown had complete control
over governmental actions (they appointed
the govenor and the council)
• Often chartered colonies became royal
colonies after their charter was revoked.
England’s Imperial Stirrings
• Queen Elizabeth
• Puritanism increases
• Competition with
Spain – Protestant
England vs. Catholic
Spain
Elizabeth Energizes England
• Sir Frances Drake – pirated
Spanish ships
• Sir Humphrey Gilbert/Sir Walter
Raleigh - Roanoke
• Defeat of Spanish Armada – naval
dominance over Atlantic
• England on eve of colonizing:
– Strong unified nation under
popular monarch
– Religious unity
– Strong nationalism
England on the Eve of Empire
• Overpopulation,
unemployment
• Land practice
(primogeniture)
• Joint Stock company –
financial means
England Plants the Jamestown
Seedling
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King – James
VA Co. of London
GOLD!!!! No
Food?? No
John Smith
Powhatan
1609 – 1610 – Starving Time
- 60 0f 400 survived
Cultural Clash in the Chesapeake
• Declaration of War against Indians
• 2 Anglo-Powhatan Wars – Results?
– Indians gone, colonists move West
– VA co. bankrupt, lost charter, becomes royal
charter
• Diseases – destroyed cultures, traditions
• Competition increased among groups for
European goods
Virginia: Child of Tobacco
• John Rolfe
• Basis of economy –
“Colony built on smoke”
• Plantations/rivers
• Dutch – 20 slaves
• Indentured servants
• House of Burgesses –
1619 – first colonial
parliament
Maryland: Catholic Haven
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Lord Baltimore
Proprietary Colony
Safe Haven for Catholics, but…
Act of Religious Tolerance 1649 - Catholics sought to
protect their faith by granting
a certain degree of
religious freedom.
The West Indies: Way Station…
• Sugar Cane – expensive
• dependent on slave labor
- slaves outnumbered
whites 4:1
• Barbados Code
• As sugar plantations
began to crowd out small
farmers, many came to
Carolina with their slaves to farm.
Colonizing the Carolinas
• Goal – grow food for Barbados
• Rice – required hard labor –
slaves
• Slave Codes
• Charlestown
• North Carolina – VA’s “trash”
1712
Georgia
• James Oglethorpe
• Buffer between Carolina/Spanish
Florida/French Louisiana
• Savannah
• Debtors
Questions
• What did England and the English settlers
really want from colonization? Did they get
what they wanted?
• How did the reliance on plantation agriculture
affect the southern colonies?