paraphrasıng Exercises
Part A:
Read the sentences below and:
a.
decide which sentences are closest in meaning to the five sentences below.
b.
explain why the others are not legitimate paraphrases.
c.
underline the changed vocabulary items and grammatical structures in the
paraphrase.
1. “25% of adolescents who have one baby have a second baby within two years of the first baby's
birth” (Smithson, 2009, p. 6).
a. According to Smithson (2009), 25% of babies are born to mothers who are adolescents (p. 6).
b. One out of four adolescent mothers has another baby before the first baby reaches his
second birthday (Smithson, 2009, p. 6).
c. A quarter of young mothers give birth when their first born is two (Smithson, 2009, p. 6).
d. 25% of mothers become pregnant again when their first babies are two years old.
2. “It has been reported that the richest one percent of Americans own 40% of the country's
wealth” (Richards, 2005, p. 45).
a. The richest 1% are 40 times as wealthy as the rest of Americans (Richards, 2005, p. 45).
b. If the gap between rich and poor continues to grow at the current rate, the richest one
percent will soon own 40% of the country's wealth (Richards, 2005, p. 45).
c. 40% of the country's wealth is in the hands of only 1% of Americans (Richards, 2005, p. 45).
d. 99% of Americans own 40% as much as the richest 1%.
3. “The judge was relieved when the jury was finally ready to announce its verdict” (Ray, 2011, p.
69).
a. When the jury announced its verdict, the judge was relieved (Ray, 2011, p. 69).
b. The judge asked the jury to arrive at a verdict.
c. The judge welcomed the prospect of an imminent verdict (Ray, 2011, p. 69).
d. The jury welcomed the judge's relief.
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4. “Research data suggest that girls who witnessed maternal abuse may tolerate abuse as adults
more than girls who did not” (Allen, 2000, p. 33).
a. Allen (2000) claims that women who witnessed the abuse of their mother as teens are more
likely to become abusive adults (p. 33).
b. Women who observed the abuse of their mothers when they were young are more likely to
endure abuse themselves (Allen, 2000, p. 33).
c. Women who were abused as children are more likely to abuse their own children (Allen,
2000, p. 33).
d. Girls who testify about maternal abuse tolerate abuse as adults more readily.
5. “Martha thinks that the issue of adolescent problems is important to write about” (Black, 2013,
para. 14).
a. Martha thinks that adolescents like to write about their problems (Black, 2013, para. 14).
b. Martha feels that writing about adolescent problems is worthwhile (Black, 2013, para. 14).
c. Martha believes that the dream of most adolescents is to write something important (Black,
2013, para. 14).
d. Martha thinks that adolescents can write about their problems.
Part B:
Rewrite the following sentences by making both structural and lexical changes without distorting
the meaning of the original sentence. Do not forget to include the in-text references.
1. “Great men are usually judged by their accomplishments, and as one of them, so was Mustafa
Kemal Atatürk” (as cited in Gülcü, Gülen, Şeşen & Tokdemir, 2009, p. 34 ).
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
2. “His enduring monument, the democratic, economically dynamic Republic of Turkey has been
celebrating its independence for over eight decades” (as cited in Gülcü, Gülen, Şeşen & Tokdemir,
2009, p. 34).
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
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3.
“He led Turkey on a path toward modernization, with a series of innovative reforms, all geared
towards setting Turkey on a Western course” (as cited in Gülcü, Gülen, Şeşen & Tokdemir, 2009,
p. 34).
________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
4. “Without [Atatürk’s] vision, without his ambition and energy, without his astonishing boldness in
sweeping away traditions accumulated over centuries, today’s Turkey would not exist and the
world would be much poorer” (as cited in Gülcü, Gülen, Şeşen & Tokdemir, 2009, p. 35).
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
5.
“Mustafa Kemal, when commanding the 19th Infantry Division, taking the initiative moved his
division to Conkbayırı without awaiting approval from higher headquarters, in anticipation of
the main attack occurring in that area” (as cited in Gülcü, Gülen, Şeşen & Tokdemir, 2009, p. 35).
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
6. “Such courageous words sparked his troops into regaining their confidence and holding to their
position under attack in the face of death” (as cited in Gülcü, Gülen, Şeşen & Tokdemir, 2009, p.
36).
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
7. “Mustafa Kemal’s own evident readiness to die for the defence of his country […] made others
ready to die at his orders” (as cited in Gülcü, Gülen, Şeşen & Tokdemir, 2009, p. 34).
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
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8. “Although only about 10% of a final manuscript should appear as directly quoted material,
students generally overuse quotations in their writing because they frequently overuse direct
quotation in taking notes for their paper” (Ricky, 2003, para. 19).
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
9. “A key factor in explaining the sad state of the traditional education can be found in
overbureaucratization, which is seen in the compulsion to consolidate our public schools into
massive factories and to increase the number of our universities” (Espan, 2004, p. 99).
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
10. “Drug resistance remains a major problem in combating HIV infection, but a different approach
to drug development could be the answer” (Pars, 2008, p. 90).
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
11. “Political campaigns vary in the effectiveness with which they transmit their messages via the
news media, which most of the time depends on the characteristics of the political figures and
whether they are effective users of the media” (Ricket, 2001, p. 33).
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
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12. “When it comes to power, politics trumps business according to a new Forbes ranking on
Wednesday that found heads of state occupying six of the top 10 spots among the world's most
powerful people, led by President Barack Obama” (Pritt, 2005, p. 76).
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
13.“The shortages of the 1970s forced the United States to think more seriously about its reliance on
oil, which raised serious concerns over national security, trade losses and environmental
destruction” (Matthews, 2013, p. 42).
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
14. “Researchers have found a strong association between computer and Internet use in adolescents
and engagement in multiple-risk behaviours (MRB), including illicit drug use and drunkenness”
(Zack, 2000, p. 42).
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
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Answers:
Part A:
1. b
2. c
3. c
4. b
5. b
IMPORTANT REMINDER: Please note that in the other alternatives, there is either a change in
meaning and / or the in-text reference is missing.
Part B
Suggested Answers:
1.
-
Ataturk, who is also considered among the great men, was also evaluated by his success (as cited
in Gülcü, Gülen, Şeşen & Tokdemir, 2009, p. 34).
-
Like all the great leaders Ataturk was also evaluated by his successful deeds (as cited in Gülcü,
Gülen, Şeşen & Tokdemir, 2009, p. 34).
-
Great leaders are generally evaluated by their success and Ataturk is also one of those great
leaders (as cited in Gülcü, Gülen, Şeşen & Tokdemir, 2009, p. 34).
-
It has been over eight decades since Ataturk has created a long lasting, democratic, independent
and economically vibrant Republic of Turkey (as cited in Gülcü, Gülen, Şeşen & Tokdemir, 2009, p.
34).
-
Ataturk’s long lasting, democratic and economically vibrant monument has been celebrating its
freedom for over eight decades (as cited in Gülcü, Gülen, Şeşen & Tokdemir, 2009, p. 34).
-
Republic of Turkey, which has been a long lasting, democratic and economically vibrant monument
of Ataturk, is celebrating its freedom for over eight decades (as cited in Gülcü, Gülen, Şeşen &
Tokdemir, 2009, p. 34).
-
What Ataturk aimed at by making some new and pioneering reforms was to turn Turkey into a
modern Western country (as cited in Gülcü, Gülen, Şeşen & Tokdemir, 2009, p. 34).
-
Ataturk’s new and pioneering reforms helped Turkey to become a modern western country (as
cited in Gülcü, Gülen, Şeşen & Tokdemir, 2009, p. 34).
-
Ataturk helped Turkey to become a Western and modern country by introducing some new and
pioneering reforms (as cited in Gülcü, Gülen, Şeşen & Tokdemir, 2009, p. 34).
2.
3.
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4.
-
Turkey owes its existence to Ataturk’s dream, desire ,stamina/energy and courage to change the
deeply rooted traditions and the world would be such a dull place without Turkey (as cited in
Gülcü, Gülen, Şeşen & Tokdemir, 2009, p. 34).
-
What made Turkey to exist is Ataturk’s dream, desire ,stamina/energy and courage to change the
deeply rooted traditions and the world would be such a dull place without Turkey’s existence (as
cited in Gülcü, Gülen, Şeşen & Tokdemir, 2009, p. 34).
-
As Ataturk had an objective to achieve, a strong desire, energy and a surprising courage, he was
able to change the deeply rooted traditions of Turkey, which helped the world to become richer
(as cited in Gülcü, Gülen, Şeşen & Tokdemir, 2009, p. 34).
-
When Mustafa Kemal expected/predicted an attack from the enemy in Conkbayırı, he took an
action by himself and did not ask for permission from headquarters. He transferred the 19th
Infantary division, which he was in charge of, to Conkbayırı (as cited in Gülcü, Gülen, Şeşen &
Tokdemir, 2009, p. 34).
-
Mustafa Kemal took initiative and did not ask for permission from headquarters to transfer the
19th Infantry division, which he was in charge of, to Conkbayırı because he expected/predicted an
attack from the enemy in Conkbayrı (as cited in Gülcü, Gülen, Şeşen & Tokdemir, 2009, p. 34).
-
Ataturk’s bold/spirited words helped his troops to lift their morale and during the attack they did
not move back/withdraw even if there was a great risk of death (as cited in Gülcü, Gülen, Şeşen &
Tokdemir, 2009, p. 34).
-
With the help of Ataturk’s bold/spirited words, the morale of his troops was lifted and during the
attack they did not move back/withdraw even if there was a great risk of death (as cited in Gülcü,
Gülen, Şeşen & Tokdemir, 2009, p. 34).
-
Mustafa Kemal was obviously willing to die in order to defend his country and this made others
sacrifice their lives by his commands (as cited in Gülcü, Gülen, Şeşen & Tokdemir, 2009, p. 34).
-
Other soldiers were greatly affected/deeply moved by his command as Mustafa Kemal himself
was willing to die in order to defend his country (as cited in Gülcü, Gülen, Şeşen & Tokdemir, 2009,
p. 34).
-
Students should keep quoted material down to a desirable level, about 10% of the entire paper,
but they often quote excessively in their paper, which usually originates from their quoting
unnecessarily while taking notes for writing (Ricky, 2003, para. 19).
-
Students should keep quoted material down to a desirable level, about 10% of the entire paper,
but they often quote excessively in their paper. This usually results from their quoting
unnecessarily while taking notes for their paper (Ricky, 2003, para. 19).
-
According to Espan (2004), overbureacratization, which involves turning public schools into big
factories and building up more universities, is to be held highly responsible for the undesirable
state of the traditional education (p. 99).
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
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-
According to Espan (2004), overbureacratization, which involves turning public schools into big
factories and building up more universities, is the major reason for the undesirable state of the
traditional education (p. 99).
-
According to Espan (2004), the undesirable state of the traditional education is mainly caused by
overbureacratization, which involves turning public schools into big factories and building up more
universities (p. 99).
-
A new approach to developing drugs might be the cure for the resistance problems found in
current HIV drugs (Pars, 2008, p. 90).
-
The solution for drug-resistant HIV infection lies in a new approach to develop drugs (Pars, 2008,
p. 90).
-
The success of political campaigns in the use of the media to voice their words to the public might
differ since it depends on what kind of political leaders politicians are and how effectively they use
the media (Ricket, 2001, p. 33).
-
Personality traits of the political leaders and how effectively they use the media, i.e. the way they
use to convey their vision via the news media, determine the possible success of political
campaigns (Ricket, 2001, p. 33).
-
In a recent Forbes list published on Wednesday, it was seen that political figures are considered to
be much more powerful than businesspeople, which is well-supported by the existence of the six
politicians in the top 10 powerful people and Barack Obama’s being the number one (Pritt, 2005,
p. 76).
-
As a result of the oil shortages of the 1970s, the United States had to reconsider its dependence
on oil because this crisis led to problems related to national security, loss of trade and
environmental damage (Matthews, 2013, p. 42).
-
Due to the shortages in 1970s, the United States had to consider its dependence on oil, resulting
in severe problems related to the security of the nation and the damages given to trade as well as
the environment (Matthews, 2013, p. 42).
-
The United States’ dependence on oil was to be considered seriously due to the shortages in
1970s, which resulted in more problems related to the security of the nation and the damages
given to trade as well as the environment (Matthews, 2013, p. 42).
-
According to researchers, there is a close relationship between computer and Internet use in
adolescents and the incidence of multiple-risk behaviours (MRB) such as drug abuse and alcohol
consumption (Zack, 2000, p. 42).
-
According to researchers, adolescents who use the Internet and computer are more inclined to
suffer from multiple-risk behaviours (MRB) like drug abuse and alcohol consumption (Zack, 2000,
p. 42).
-
According to researchers, multiple-risk behaviours (MRB) such as drug abuse and alcohol
consumption are commonly observed among adolescents who use computer and the Internet
(Zack, 2000, p. 42).
10.
11
12.
13.
14.
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