Honors Chem I Electron Configuration and Orbital Notation Key 3/2/11
1) 1s2 2s2 2p6 is called electron configuration. ____
___
2) The "box and arrow" notation │↑↓│ │↑↓│ │↑↓│↑↓│↑↓│ is called orbital notation.
3) The four subshells are s, p, d, and f.
4) How is energy of an electron different from energy in our experience? Electron energy
occurs in definite quanta-no in between amounts. Energy in our world occurs in any
amount, as it will.
5) Show one orbital containing one electron.
│↑ │
6) Tell how many orbitals are found in each subshell. s-1 p-3 d-5 f-7
7) Draw an f subshell with 9 electrons.
↑↓ ↑↓ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑
8) The first shell holds 1 subshell.
9) The fourth shell holds 4 subshells.
10) When beginning a new shell, always start with the s subshell.
11) An s subshell can hold a maximum of 2 electrons.
12) A p subshell can hold a maximum of 6 electrons, and must have 3 orbitals.
13) A d subshell must have 5 orbitals and can hold 10 electrons.
14) An f subshell must have 7 orbitals and can hold 14 electrons.
15) List or recite all possible subshells 1s through 7p.
1s2s2p3s3p3d4s4p4d4f5s5p5d5f6s6p6d7s7p
16) What actually determines the order in which electrons fill into orbitals in subshells?
(Aufbau)Subshells fill in from lowest to highest energy. Dog on leash.
17) Briefly, trace the Aufbau energy order through the periodic table. Just realize that the
energy order, low to high, is different from the order in which we write it out, as in #15.
18) In p, d, and f subshells, electrons enter orbitals with parallel or positve spins before
pairing. This is called Hund's Rule.
19) Generally speaking, the energy levels nearest the nucleus have low energy,
compared to those farther away.
20) Point out the s block, p block, d block, and f block on the periodic table.
21) Be able to locate an element and its block when given its EC/ON shortcut.
22) Determine the group, period, and block for the following:
group period block
a. ?[Kr]4d5 5s2
7
5
d
b. ?[Ar]3d10 4s2 4p3
15
4
p
c. ?[He]2s2
2
2
s
d. ?[Rn]5f6 7s2
3
7
f
23) How many electrons make up a full outer shell? 8: This is part of the Octet Rule.
24) The maximum number of electrons to ever be found in the third energy level is 18.
25) A completely full fourth shell will contain 32 electrons.
26) Define
Hund’s Rule- In p, d, and f subshells, electrons enter orbitals with parallel or positive or
“up” spins before pairing.
Quantum Mechanics-the study of energy of the electron.
quantum- one definite energy amount for an electron.
spectroscopy-the study of light spectra(lines) given off by the elements.
octet rule-states that atoms bond to fill the outer shell, a full outer shell is made of 8
electrons, and the outer shell should not exceed 8 electrons. 8 electrons cause stability.
Aufbau Principle-show how the subshells fill in order from lowest to highest energy.
ground state-the normal energy level occupied by an electron.
bright-line spectrum-the spectral lines shown by an element when flame tested.
electron dot notation-shows the symbol surrounded by dots in a specific pattern to
represent the outer shell electrons of an element.
flame test-the use of a flame to excite electrons in an atom so that it gives off its
characteristic flame color.
quantized-refers to energy occurring in discrete(definite or exact) amounts as the energy
of an electron.
27) How do the period and family numbers relate to the electron shells of an element?
The period tells the number of energy levels. The family number, for 1,2, and 13-18 tells
the number of outer-shell electrons.
An element ends with a p4 subshell. What family is it in? 16 or VIA
An atom ends with a 6p2. What period is it in? 6 What block? p
28) Where does all light come from?
Electrons jump to higher energy levels and fall back to ground state, giving off quanta of
energy displayed as light.
29) Show electron dot notation for any element with 1-8 valence electrons. What are
valence electrons? outer shell electrons
30) How is the Noble Gas shortcut written for an element? Write the symbol for the
element being shown, then the symbol for the noble gas in the period prior to the
element--- [in brackets], and then only the EC/ON that is missing from the noble gas.
31) Explain the difference between the electron configuration listed on the periodic table
and the use of the Aufbau Principle. The Periodic Table is correct, according to flame
tests and calculations. The Aufbau diagram predicts sublevels filling in order from low
energy to high energy.
Be able to do both and to use the shortcut.
32) Why is an energy level not really a location of an electron? Energy level refers to the
quanta of energy(light) emitted when an electron absorbs a certain quantum of energy,
moves to a higher energy level, drops back to its ground state, and emits its specific
quantum of energy. What type energy is used to study the electron? light
33) How did scientists get the information to assign electrons into energy levels? from
flame tests and spectroscopy(identifying color bands) List the 4 major steps in
determining EC/ON for an element. Flame test, spectroscopy, calculation of energy, and
mapping of EC/ON.
34) Identify the following from the Bunsen burner lab: constants-flame height. 100mL of
water, the 250mL beaker, same ringstand, same wire gauze.
independent variable-wire gauze height.
dependent variable-time.
35) Describe a good, proper Bunsen burner flame. Pure blue, no yellow, distinct inner
cone, slight fluttering noise. Where is the hottest part of the flame? At the tip of the inner
cone.
Where is the main cutoff for the burner? On the lab table.
Extra Notations:
1) Write EC/ON by the Aufbau Diagram for Lr, lawrencium
Answer: Lr 1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d104f145s25p65d105f146s26p66d17s2
Shortcut: Lr[Rn] 5f146d17s2
2) Write EC/ON by the Aufbau Diagram for Es, einsteinium
Answer: Es 1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d104f145s25p65d105f116s26p67s2
Shortcut: Es[Rn] 5f117s2
3) Write EC/ON by the Aufbau Diagram for Uuu, element 111:
Answer: 1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d104f145s25p65d105f146s26p66d97s2
Shortcut: Uuu[Rn] 5f146d97s2
4) Write EC/ON by the Aufbau Diagram for praseodymium, Pr
Answer: Pr 1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d104f35s25p66s2
Pr[Xe] 4f36s2
5) Write EC/ON by the Aufbau Diagram for tellurium, Te. It is the same from the
periodic table as with the Aufbau Diagram.
Answer: Te 1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d105s25p4
Shortcut: Te[Kr] 4d105s25p4
6) Write EC/ON from the periodic table for sulfur.
Answer: S 1s22s22p63s23p4
Shortcut: S[Ne] 3s23p4