Matter & Atomic Structure Review Questions
_____ 1. Sodium chloride (table salt) is an example of which of the following?
a. an element
c. a chemical compound
b. a radioactive isotope
d. a chemical formula
_____ 2. The nucleus of the atom is made up of
a. protons and neutrons
b. protons and electrons
c. elements and compounds
d. sols and gels
_____ 3. Isotopes are atoms of the same element that differ in their number of
a. ions
b. molecules
c. formulas
d. neutrons
_____ 4. A compound is a substance composed of
a. sugar and water
b. different chemical formulas
c. two or more chemically combined elements
d. two or more atoms of the same element
_____ 5. How elements bond to form compounds depends on the
a. activation energy of the compound
b. dissociation of the ions in the compound
c. number and arrangement of electrons in the component atoms
d. model of the atom
_____ 6. The drink Koolaid, with the sugar and Koolaid powder dissolved in water, would be an example of a(n)
a. element
b. compound
c. solution
d. mixture
_____ 7. To increase the concentration of a solution, you should
a. increase the solvent
c. decrease the solute and solvent
b. increase the solute
d. decrease the solute
_____ 8. In a solution of 20 mg of sugar dissolved in a gallon of water, the solvent is
a. the sugar
b. the water
c. both the sugar and water
d. neither the sugar nor the water
_____ 9. An acid is any substance that forms __________ in water.
a. hydroxide ions
b. oxygen ions
c. hydrogen ions
d. sodium ions
_____ 10. A base is any substance that forms __________ in water.
b. hydroxide ions
b. oxygen ions
c. hydrogen ions
d. sodium ions
_____ 11. Which of the following would be the strongest base?
a. 2
b. 5
c. 8
d. 13
_____ 12. Which of the following would be the strongest acid?
b. 2
b. 5
c. 8
d. 13
_____ 13. The “universal solvent” is
a. water
b. oil
c. isopropyl alcohol
_____ 14. Which of the following will form a solution?
a. sand and water
b. oil and water
c. salt and water
_____ 15. A bucket containing several different rocks is an example of a(n)
a. element
b. compound
c. solution
_____ 16. What is the lightest o all the elements?
a. helium
b. lithium
c. hydrogen
_____ 17. Atoms in a solid have
a. more kinetic energy than those in a gas
b. less kinetic energy than those in a gas
d. any polar solvent
d. salt and sand
d. mixture
d. magnesium
c. more kinetic energy than those in a liquid
d. less potential energy than those in a gas
_____ 18. The distinguishing feature of a polar compound is its
a. even distribution of electrical charge
c. even temperature
b. uneven distribution of electrical charge
d. uneven temperature
_____ 19. Which of the following describes an isotope of the commonly occurring oxygen atom which
has 8 electrons, 8 protons, and 8 neutrons?
a. 8 electrons, 8 protons, and 9 neutrons
c. 8 electrons, 7 protons, and 8 neutrons
b. 7 electrons, 8 protons, and 8 neutrons
d. 7 electrons, 7 protons, and 8 neutrons
_____ 20. One of the isotopes of chlorine (atomic number 17) has a mass number of 35. How many
neutrons does this isotope have in its nucleus?
a. 17
b. 18
c. 35
d. 53
_____ 21. Which is NOT an element?
a. hydrogen
b. water
c. argon
d. uranium
_____ 22. Many musical instruments are made of brass, which consists of copper and zinc atoms. What
is brass an example of?
a. an ionic compound
b. a solid solution
c. a chemical reaction
d. a base
_____ 23. What are formed when sodium (Na+) ions and chlorine (Cl–) ions combine to form NaCl?
a. ionic bonds
b. solid solutions
c. isotopes
d. covalent bonds
_____ 24. What kind of ions characterize an acid?
a. hydroxide ions
b. negative ions
c. oxygen ions
_____ 25. What type of bond involves sharing of electrons.
a. ionic
b. polar
c. covalent
d. hydrogen ions
d. neutral
_____ 26. Hydrogen, chlorine, and sodium are examples of
a. protons
b. elements
c. solutions
d. atoms
Interpreting Data – Use the table below to answer the following 5 questions.
Atomic Structure
Element
Atomic Number
Atomic Mass
Beryllium
Calcium
Silicon
Scandium
Titanium
Zirconium
4
20
14
21
22
40
9.01
40.08
28.09
44.96
47.88
91.22
_____ 27. If titanium has 22 protons in its nucleus, how many neutrons are present in the nucleus of its
most common isotope?
a. 48
b. 26
c. 60
d. 28
_____ 28. If the most common isotope of scandium has 24 neutrons in its nucleus, how many protons
does scandium have?
a. 66
b. 45
c. 21
d. 13
_____ 29. If calcium’s most common isotope has 20 neutrons in its nucleus, how many neutrons can be
found in another naturally occurring isotope of calcium?
a. 60
b. 41
c. 30
d. 21
_____ 30. How many valence electrons does oxygen have?
a. 2
b. 4
c. 6
d. 9
31. Does silicon have any isotopes? Explain your answer!