HONORS BIOLOGY: CH 4 Review Guide
1. Which scientist was the first to observe living microorganisms using a microscope?
Anton Von Leeuwenhoek
2. Who discovered and coined the term “cells” by looking at a slice of cork under the microscope?
Robert Hooke
3. Which scientist contributed to cell theory by concluding that “all plants are made of cells?”
Matthius Schleiden
5. Which of the following microscopes has the lowest magnification: compound light microscope
or dissecting scope (stereoscope)?
stereoscope
6. Which type of electron microscope is used to produce detailed 3-dimensional images of the
surface of objects?
Scanning electron microscope
7. Which type of microscopes can be used to view “living” things?
Stereoscope and compound light microscope
8. At a magnification of 400x, you observe a group of small (2 micrometers) and round cells with
no specialized structures inside. What type of cells are they?
Eubacteria or archaebacteria
10. List the 3 statements of the cell theory.
1. All living things are made of cells.
2. Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things.
3. All cells come from preexisting cells.
11. Describe the difference between SEMs and TEMs.
SEMS give an image of the surface and dimensions of an object by the electron beam scanning the
surface of the object. TEMS require the object to be ultra-thinly sliced and treated with heavy metal
salts to improve contrast of the image. The electron beam passes through the thinly sliced object
to magnify the inside of the object, producing a detailed image.
12. Create a Venn Diagram that lists 3 differences and 3 similarities between prokaryotic and
eukaryotic cells.
PLANT
ANIMAL
BOTH
contain chloroplasts
no chloroplasts
cell membrane
have a cell wall
no cell wall
DNA
contain a large central vacuole
several small vacuoles
cytoplasm
no Centrioles
contain Centrioles
ER
no lysosomes
contain lysosomes
Golgi
Vesicles
Nucleus
etc……
13. This organelle transfers energy from food & stores it in ATP (the energy source used by cells).
mitochondria
14. What molecule found inside the nucleus contains the instructions for cellular function and
structure?
DNA (chromatin)
15. The structure composed of a network of protein filaments whose job is supporting the cell’s
shape, allowing cell movement, & moving organelles inside the cell is the ___________________.
cytoskelton
16. What is the function of the Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)?
Produce proteins (rough ER) carbs and lipids (smooth ER)
17. Which cell structure can be described as a jelly –like substance that supports the organelles?
cytoplasm
18. What is the function of the nucleolus?
Makes ribosomes
19. Which organelle is responsible for modifying proteins and lipids and packaging them for
transport to their final destination?
Golgi apparatus
20. Which membranous sacs transport and secrete materials throughout the cell?
Vesicles
21. Ribosomes are responsible for synthesizing _____________. proteins
22. What are the three shapes of bacteria?
Coccus, bacillus, spirilla (round, rod-shaped, spiral)
22. Which cell structure is responsible for controlling what enters and exits the cell?
Cell membrane
23. Create a Venn diagram that lists 3 similarities and 3 differences between plant and animal cells.
Prokaryotic
Eukaryotic
Both
smaller and simple
larger and more complex
cell membrane
no nucleus
contain a nucleus
DNA
no membrane-bound
contain membrane-bounds
cytoplasm
organelles
organelles
cytoskeleton
ribosomes
24. Explain the path of a protein through the endomembrane system of an animal cell. Include in
your description the role of organelles within the cell that aid in its synthesis, transport,
modification, and secretion to the outside of the cell.
Proteins begin their synthesis by ribosomes (attached to the ER). The ribosomes read the copy
of the genetic code and assemble the protein by linking together amino acids in the correct
order indicated by the genetic code. The protein finishes its assembly in the rough ER. Then, a
vesicle pinches off of the ER and travels along a microtubule until it reaches the golgi
apparatus. The vesicle fuses with the membrane of the golgi apparatus and the protein is
modified in the golgi. Molecular tags are added to the protein that indicate that it will be
delivered to the cell membrane to be secreted to the outside of the cell. The protein is now
packaged into a secretory vesicle that travels along a microtubule until it reaches the cell
membrane. The vesicle fuses with the cell membrane and the protein is released to the outside
of the cell.
25. What is the endosymbiotic theory? Discuss some evidence that supports this theory.
This theory suggests the eukaryotic cells evolved from prokaryotic cells. View this link for more info:
http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/cells/organelles/