Total _____ title
A. China 's national conditions
1. The total population of China is about 1.4 billion, accounting for 22 % of the world 's
population. The Chinese population is geographically distributed in the country more
concentrated in the east and less concentrated in the west.
2. The flag of the People’s Republic of China is the five star red flag, a red background with five
yellow stars in the top left quadrant.
3. National Anthem of the People's Republic : March of the Volunteers .
4. China's capital , Beijing .
5. Southern China's climate is characterized by warm, the North cold, and overall is a continental
monsoon climate with deserts mainly in the north and northwest.
6. More people speak Chinese languages than any other language in this world.
7. The official currency of China is the renminbi , its unit is the Yuan , and is subdivided into the
jiao (1/10 of a yuan) and the fen(1/100 of a yuan).
8. Chinese topography is characterized as higher elevations in the west and lower elevations in
the east.
9. The coastal areas of China border the Bohai Sea, the Yellow Sea, and the South China Sea.
10. On the 1st of July 2006, the Qinghai-Tibet railway line opened, which is currently the world's
highest railway as far as elevation.
11. The Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal was is the earliest and longest canal in the world, a total
length of 1801 km, and considered on par with the Great Wall as one of the great feats of
Engineering in this world.
12. The Chinese mainland police emergency telephone number is 110.
13. The Chinese mainland medical emergency telephone number is 120.
14. The Chinese mainland fire emergency telephone number is 119
15. In 1986, China began to implement compulsory education for grades 1 through 9.
16. China's longest railway is the Beijing-Kowloon Railway. It connects Beijing in the north to
Shenzhen in the south, the line length is 2381 km.
17. There are four major municipalities in China: Beijing, Shanghai, Tianjin, Chongqing.
18. Shanghai is China's largest commercial city, and the largest port.
19. China's most populous city is Chongqing.
B. Natural
1. The Qinghai Plateau has an average elevation of 4,000 meters above sea level, a very
mountainous region known as the "roof of the world."
2. Mt. Everest has an elevation of 8844 meters, which is the highest mountain in the world, it is
located on the border between China's Tibet and Nepal .
3. Five of the most famous mountains in China are referred to as the "Five Sacred Mountains."
Their geographic orientation in China: Taishan in the east, Huashan in the west , Northern
Hengshan , Southern Hengshan , and Songshan in the center of China.
4. In northeast China the term "white mountain black water " refers to the Changbai Mountain
as “white mountain, and "Black water" refers to the Heilong river.
5. China has four main areas of high elevation termed the Four Great Plateaus: the Tibetan
Plateau, the Inner Mongolia Plateau , the Loess Plateau and the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau .
6. China has three major plains areas, called the Three Great Plains. The largest is the North East
Plains. The other two are the Northern China Plains and the Yangtze River Basin.
7. The Yangtze River is the largest river in China , it originates high on the Tibetan Plateau, has a
length of over 6300 kilometers. The Yangtze flows through 11 provincial-level administrative
regions (Qinghai, Sichuan, Tibet, Yunnan, Chongqing, Hubei , Hunan, Jiangxi, Anhui , Jiangsu and
Shanghai ).
8. The Yellow River is the world's largest concentration of river sediment, and is also called
China's mother river, it flows for 5,464 kilometers, and is China’s second largest river. The Yellow
River flows through nine provincial administrative regions (Qinghai, Sichuan, Gansu , Ningxia,
Inner Mongolia , Shanxi, Shaanxi , Henan, Shandong).
9. Region and place names in China are mostly associated with local geographic features such as
mountains, rivers, lakes, etc. “He” means “river,” and the river referred to in Henan and Hebei
Provinces is the Yellow River ;”Shan” means “mountain.” The mountains referred to in
Shandong and Shanxi Provinces are the Taihang Mountains . “Hu” means “lake,” Hunan and
Hubei Provinces are so named due to Dongting Lake .
10. Huangguoshu waterfall, located in Guizhou Province, China , is China's largest waterfall. In
1999 it was named the world's largest waterfall in the Guinness Book of World Records.
11. Qinghai Lake is China's largest inland lake, also China's largest saltwater lake .
12. The largest freshwater lake in China is Poyang Lake .
13. The hottest place in China is Turpan .
14. China's largest desert, and also the world's largest mobile desert is the Taklamakan Desert.
15. Wolong Giant Panda Nature Reserve in Sichuan Province specializes in protecting rare
animals such as the giant panda.
16. The beautiful scenery of the cities Hangzhou and Suzhou in Zhejiang Province is captured by
the saying "In heaven there is paradise, on earth there is Hangzhou and Suzhou." The West Lake
in Hangzhou is a particularly beautiful attraction.
17. Guilin Provence is described by a famous saying, “The mysterious mountains and elegant
rivers of Guilin are second to none in this world”.
18. The famous scenic spot Jiuzhaigou in Sichuan Province is referred to by Asians as “Paradise
on Earth” and by Westerners as “A Fairy Tale Land”.
19. "天涯海角 (tian ya hai jiao)" is a chengyu used to describe a very distant and remote place.
This chengyu is used to describe China 's Hainan Island.
20. Shaanxi Province is nicknamed “The Museum of Ancient History” due to the rich ancient
history of the Province.
21. Selected City Nicknames:

Spring City - Kunming

Sheep City - Guangzhou

Mountain city - Chongqing

Porcelain Capital- Jingdezhen

Fountain Spring City - Jinan
C. History
1. The earliest hero in Chinese historical legends is called Pangu.
2. Chinese historical legends state that the Goddess Nv Wa created man .
3. In the Chinese fairy tale "Chang E Flies to the Moon," Chang-e carries in her arms to the moon
a small animal called the Jade Rabbit “玉兔(Yu Tu)”, afterwards Chinese people also use “Yu Tu”
to refer to the moon.
4. The first dynasty in Chinese history was called the Xia Dynasty (c. 2070 – c. 1600 BCE).
5. China's written history began from the Shang dynasty (c. 1600 to 1050 BCE).
6. Qin Shihuang established China's first unified multi-ethnic feudal state and was the first
emperor of a unified China. He was the first to standardize a national writing system as well as a
weights and measurement system.
7. One of the greatest works of the Qin Dynasty is the Great Wall. The Great Wall is the longest
in the world built on an ancient engineering largest defense project . The Great Wall of China
reflects the great creativity and ingenuity of the Chinese nation, and is considered one of the
seven wonders of the world. It is the longest wall in the world built as an ancient engineering
defense project. It runs from Shanhaiguan in the east to Jiayuguan in the west.
8. The only female emperor in Chinese history was Wu Zetian (c. 625 – 705 AD).
9. The Tang Dynasty (618–907 AD) is considered by most scholars to be the most wealthy
dynasty and the pinnacle of ancient Chinese civilization.
10. Ancient China's famous Silk Road ran through the western corridor into the Tarim Basin , and
then through West Asia to Europe . The starting point of the Silk Road is present day China's Xi
An city. In ancient times, Xi An was always an important city for cultural exchange with western
civilizations.
11. The largest museum in China is the Beijing Palace Museum. This palace of the Ming and Qing
dynasties is the world's largest wooden structure today. In 1987 the UNESCO World Heritage
Committee named it as a World Heritage Site.
12. The Spring and Autumn period (c. 771 – c. 476 BC) produced the famous educator
Confucius. The hometown of Confucius is Qufu , in Shandong Province . Qufu was the capital of
the State of Lu during Spring and Autumn period, which boasts a rich cultural heritage. The most
famous cultural sites in Qufu are called the “Three Kong:” The Confucius Temple, The Confucius
Mansion and The Confucius Cemetery.
13. Chinese people call themselves the descendants of Yan Di and Huang Di: Legendary ancient
rulers Shen Nong and the Yellow Emperor respectively.
14. There have been seven major capital cities in ancient China : Anyang , Xian, Luoyang ,
Nanjing, Kaifeng , Hangzhou, and Beijing . Of which Anyang , Luoyang and Kaifeng are in Henan
Province ; Xi'an is in Shaanxi Province ; Nanjing is in Jiangsu Province , and Hangzhou is in
Zhejiang Province.
15. The largest existing ancient city in China is Xi'an City. In that area archaeologists have
unearthed terracotta warriors , horses , chariots , and tens of thousands of weapons and other
precious artifacts.
16. China is the first country in the world to have used paper money.
D. Diet
1. A Chinese proverb states "Food is the first necessity of man."
2. "The seven fundamental necessities: firewood , rice, oil, salt , soy sauce , vinegar, tea,”
meaning shows the Chinese people cannot do without these things in their daily life.
3. Chinese food culture is classified by the following characteristics: fragrance, taste and
appearance. The quality of a dish is evaluated by these characteristics.
4. Chinese traditional staple foods are characterized as rice in the south and flour in the north.
Steamed bread, buns , dumplings, fried bread , noodles and other pasta is the main food
Chinese northerners . Rice is China's most important food crop, it is the staple food for more
than 60 percent of the country's population.
5. China's territory is vast, different areas produce different things, and have different climates
and lifestyles. People's tastes are not the same, the general characterization of food flavors is
"Southern sweet, salty North, East spicy, sour West."
6. There are many types of Chinese cuisine, the most famous are commonly known as "The Eight
cuisines." For example, two commonly seen dishes in restaurants are "kung pao chicken" and
"fish-flavored pork," these two dishes belong to Sichuan Style Cuisine.
7. Roast Duck is a specialty food of Beijing. Goubuli dumplings are a specialty food in Tianjin.
8. Tofu is a traditional food from China.
9. Tea is a traditional Chinese beverage. There are many varieties: black tea , green tea, pu er
tea, jasmine tea, and so on. For the drinking of tea, the water used is very important. Spring
water is usually considered best for making tea. And not only is the quality of the tea and water
important, the utensils for making tea are also important. Ceramic teapots are most desirable.
10. Moutai White Spirits, produced in Maotai Town Renhuai County, Guizhou Province,
southwest China, is one of the most famous and favorite alcoholic beverages in China.
E. Folk custom
1. The Chinese have a saying, “During the 12th lunar month, on the eighth day, drink La Ba
Porridge.”
2. Chinese Lunar New Year is called Spring Festival. On the New Year's Eve, people stay up to
12:00 midnight, light fireworks and eat dumplings.
3. The beginning of the lunar calendar marks the Chinese New Year. On this day people often
eat dumplings, cakes, etc., but also light firecrackers, and write couplets. They wish Happy New
Year to each other, relatives, and friends. Since 1983, China Central Television in the annual
Lunar New Year's Eve night has a special program to celebrate the New Year with a variety of
theatrical performances, referred to as the Spring Festival Evening.
4. During the Chinese New Year, people often post couplets or scrolls on both sides of the door,
to increase the festive atmosphere.
5. On the 15th day of the lunar New Year is the Lantern Festival, also called the "Festival of
Lights." In addition to eating sweet dumplings or “yuan xiao,” durring the Lantern Festival,
people often make lanterns, play riddle games, and so on.
6. Chinese Qingming Festival, or Tomb Sweeping Day, is a traditional festival, designed to pay
homage to their ancestors, and also to be outside to go hiking, kite flying, and basically enjoy
spring.
7. During the fifth lunar month is the Dragon Boat Festival . On this day people eat dumplings
called “zongzi.” The main recreational activity is dragon boat racing, it is to commemorate the
ancient poet and great patriot Qu Yuan.
8. The 15th day of the eighth lunar month is the Mid-Autumn Festival, this is a day to be with
your family, and people eat moon cakes to celebrate the full moon of harvest.
9. Chinese culture places a great importance on ceremony and propriety. For example, when
you drink at dinner, the younger generation should take the initiative to toast the elders first,
and when toasting, as the younger individual’s glass touches the glass of their elder, their glass
should be held slightly lower than their elder, and never higher.
10. The color used by the Chinese people to express a happy festive mood is red. On Chinese
New Year holidays, they post red couplets. When getting married, the bride will wear a red
gown. When a child is born, friends send red eggs as a gift. For various occasions, gifts are
wrapped in red paper.
11. The Chinese funeral color is white.
12. Since the Tang Dynasty in ancient times, the color yellow represents the emperor and the
imperial family.
13. When giving gifts to the Chinese people, a good general gift is tea, do not send clocks, pears,
or umbrellas. These items, due to the similarity of the sound of the words, represent death,
parting of ways, and ending a friendship, respectively.
14. When Chinese people have weddings, the love to hang “double happiness” characters on
the doors, in the ceremony halls, and all over the place. It symbolizes a good pair and double
happiness and good luck.
15. In ancient Chinese traditional marriage customs, the bride rides in a special sedan chair to
the wedding ceremony.
16. When a baby is a year old, the elders put cakes, books, pens , chops, abacus , coins, toys,
etc. , out in front of the child, to see which one he will crawl to, the item the baby grabs first is a
prediction of what their talent and profession will be. This folklore customs called "grasping
week."
17. According to ancient Chinese astrology, time is recorded in cycles of 60 years, called a “Jia
zi.” A 60 year cycle is further broken down into five 12 year cycles, and in modern times, each of
the 12 years is represented by an animal. Chinese Zodiac by order of the animal: rat, ox , tiger ,
rabbit, dragon, snake, horse , sheep , monkey , rooster, dog and pig . 2014 is the Year of the
Horse.
18. Of 24 solar terms, the first solar term is “the beginning of spring.”
19. Chinese paper-cutting is also called engraved paper. Paper-cutting and Chinese painting are
some of the traditional folk arts most popularly used for decorations, especially for holidays. It
has been included in the UNESCO World Heritage List.
20. The qi pao is a traditional Chinese women's clothing, a type of gown, now mostly worn in
formal occasions.
21. The qi pao, and tang style clothing, are the most common traditional clothing styles in China.
F. Culture
1. Peking University is the oldest university in modern China.
2. Please list the names of well-known Chinese universities. ( At least five )
3. Common Chinese surnames : China has 200 or so common surnames, the most commonly
used are Li, Wang , Zhang, Liu.
4. In Chinese feudal society, the dragon was a symbol of imperial power.
5. In ancient China, the palace buildings were built with golden colored glazed tiles as a symbol
of imperial power.
6. Four Great Inventions of Ancient China: papermaking, the compass, gunpowder, printing .
7. Ancient Chinese literati were required to master the four arts, called "the scholarly four arts"
which are: the zither, chess , calligraphy and painting .
8. China has a wide variety of musical instruments that can be divided into four major groups:
wind, bow string, plucked string, and percussion. Bow string instruments include the Erhu and
other Huqin instruments. There are also various wind instruments such as flutes and hulusi, the
Chinese zither or gu zheng, and different types of drums
9. Two traditional board games are Chinese chess “xiang qi” and Go “wei qi.
10. The Chinese Oracle “Jia Gu Wen” is one of the world 's oldest texts, it is carved on tortoise
shells and animal bones. The book is a record of Chinese civilization from 3,000 years ago, a
document of social, political, economic, cultural and other aspects of ancient Chinese history.
11. Since ancient times, The Chinese “Four Treasures of Study” are: the pen, ink, paper , and ink
stone.
12. Chinese calligraphy has five main styles: standard script (kai shu), seal script (zhuan shu),
clerical script (li shu), running script (xing shu), and cursive script (cai shu).
13. The traditional styles of Chinese painting are categorized as: portraits and figures,
landscapes, flowers-bird works.
14. Chinese painting refers to the “four gentlemen" which are the four things that are painted
often: plums, orchids, bamboo and chrysanthemum.
15. Traditional patterns in Chinese arts and crafts often show these animals: dragon, phoenix,
lion, elephant, sheep, deer, and fish .
16. Traditional Chinese painting also often uses the peony to represent riches and honor, and
mandarin ducks to represent love.
17. Some of the most famous literary talents are: Li Bai, Du Fu, Bai Zhuyi, Cao Xueqin, Luo
Guanzhong, Shi Naian, Wu Chengen , etc.
18. The Chinese Four Great Classic Novels are: The Romance of the Three Kingdoms , Water
Margin , Journey to the West, and A Dream of Red Mansions.
19. The most famous main character from Journey to the West is Sun Wukong the Monkey King.
20. Sun Zi’s "The Art of War" is a famous ancient Chinese book on military strategy, it has been
translated into English , French, Japanese , German, Russian and other languages .
21. The Dao Dejing, sometimes written “Tao Te Ching” is an ancient classic text supposedly
written by the great philosopher and thinker Lao Zi.
22. The Shaolin Temple in He Nan Province is the birthplace of many martial arts styles or
Chinese KungFu.
23. Chinese garden landscape art places importance on mountains, water, flowers, and
structures, a combination of four basic elements of a comprehensive art.
24. Beijing's most distinctive residential architecture are the courtyard dwellings, or Si He Yuan.
25. Ancient Chinese architecture very unique, and different from the western ancient stone
building materials, the Chinese used mainly wood.
26. The traditional Chinese garden is divided into two broad categories, imperial royal gardens in
the north, and private gardens in the south, the Chengde Mountain Resort is a famous imperial
garden.
27. Shadow puppets are a famous traditional folk art.
28. Beijing Opera colors are symbolic : that " insidious , cunning ," the symbolic color is white.
Peking Opera means " gallant " symbolic color is red. " Fairness " is a bad cop . Chinese opera
roles that line of business classification is mainly based on the characters ' gender, age, identity,
status , personality division, into life, Dan, net , ugly four categories. Health and net male roles ;
which there is no beard boy is niche ; ages older men older students ; martial arts man will be
My Kingdom ; net mainly painted face roles ; Dan is the role of women ; ugly is Youmohuaji
person.
29. The Chinese fan has been around for over 3,000 years. Fans are often decorated with
paintings and poetry.
30. Pine trees, bamboo and plums symbolizes the Noble Virtues, collectively known as "Three
Friends of Winter."
31. In Chinese mythology, four mystical animals are the Chinese unicorn (Qilin), phoenix, dragon
and turtle, so they called the "Four Benevolent Animals."
32. Chinese people really like the numbers 6, 8, and 9, because 6 represents effortlessness, eight
represents monetary fortune, 9 represents long lasting.
33. Three traditionally exported Chinese products are tea, silk , and porcelain.
34. Chinese ceramics have a long history, of which a very famous period is the ceramics of the
Tang Dynasty, called Tang San Cai. Characteristic of Tang ceramics or pottery are the natural
glaze colors or yellow, green, blue, etc.
35. Much Chinese traditional thought, such as Chinese Medicine, is based on the categorization
of the characteristics of phenomena, one such system is "Yin, Yang and the Five Elements," the
five elements are termed metal, wood, water, fire and earth.
36. According to the Confucius Analects, the aging of a person had titles of characteristics for
the age, 30 jianli or have a family, 40 buhuo or have no doubts, 50 zhitianming or know your
destiny, 60 huajia or completed a greater cycle, 70 guxi or cherished age.
37. The Cowherd and the Weaving Maid" is one of the four most famous Chinese folk legends,
and also one of the four most famous love stories.
38. Disney's animated film "Mulan" is based on the ancient Chinese poem, "Mulan,” about a
female hero who served in the military in place of her father.
39. In the ancient Warring States period, the famous doctor Bian Que was the earliest to use the
techniques of look, listen, smell, pulse to diagnose illnesses. These four methods are still in use
today in Traditional Chinese Medicine.
40. Chinese medicine in the treatment of specific parts of the body by piercing with a needle is
called acupuncture. Acupuncture is an important part of traditional Chinese medicine to treat
disease, as well as the technique of moxibustion.
41. Chinese ancient time devices include the sundial and the copper clepsydra.
42. The abacus is an ancient Chinese calculator.
43. Chinese people like to wear certain clothes and accessories to ward off evil spirits, such as
children wear an embroidered vest to protect against the Five Poisons, red bracelets and
necklaces with many different kinds of charms are common, to ward off evil and maintain
security and peace. The Five Poisons are snakes, centipedes, scorpions, lizards, and toads.
G. Sports
1. The Beijing Olympic Games opened on August 8, 2008.
2. The three concepts of the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games were: Green Olympics, High -tech
Olympics and People's Olympics .
3. The slogan of the 2008 Beijing Olympics: One World , One Dream.
4. The 2008 Beijing Olympic main stadium and swimming facilities were built with a unique
shape and are referred to as the Bird's Nest, and the Water Cube.
5. The five mascots of the Beijing Olympics were cartoon characters representing the diverse
ethnic cultures of China: Beibei , Jingjing, Huanhuan, Yingying, and Nini are their names.
6. Lina is a famous Chinese tennis player. January 14, 2011, at the WTA Tour's top stations in
Australia , Lina won the world title, becoming the first Chinese tennis player to become
champion.
7. Most Chinese people love the Chinese national sport, Table Tennis.
8. The most famous Chinese athlete to join the NBA is Yao Ming.
9. The first Asian to become an Olympic track and field champion and star is Chinese athlete Liu
Xiang .
H. People:
1. The great ancient Chinese thinker and educator Confucius is one of the ten UNESCO world
cultural celebrities. Confucius was a famous ancient Chinese philosopher, statesman and
educator. He founded the school of thought called Confucianism which has had a major impact
on Chinese society, even to the present day .
2. A famous saying from Confucius is, “To receive friends from afar is such a delight” (you peng zi
yuan fang lai bu yi le hu 有朋自远方来不亦乐乎).
3. One of the most famous Chinese directors is Zhang Yimou (Jonny Mo), some if his most
popular movies include "House of Flying Daggers," and "Hero.”
4. Jackie Chan is one of the most popular international film stars from China, with high prestige
and influence in the Chinese mainland and Hong Kong and other regions. He is best known for
his action movies, such as "Drunken Master," and "Police Story.” Jackie Chan is famous for his
supreme martial arts skills, humor, and for performing all of his own stunts.