Cycle 2 – Geography, History and Citizenship Education
Essential Knowledges:
Competency 1
Understanding the Organization of a society and its territory:
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How the characteristics of the territory (assets or limitations) influence social and territorial organization
How certain characteristics of the society affect the organization of the territory
The roles played in the society by certain individuals or groups
Significant events that particularly influenced social and territorial organization
Location of Society in Time and Space Assets
Elements of the Society that affect the organization of the Territory
Characteristic:
Algonquians
French Society in New
Canadian Society in
Around 1500
France
New France
around 1645
around 1745
St. Lawrence and Great
St. Lawrence and Great
St. Lawrence and Great
Location
Lakes
Lakes
Lakes lowlands, Ohio
and Mississippi valleys
to Louisiana
Distribution,
Distribution,
Characteristics of the Distribution, composition,
Population:
approximate number
composition,
composition,
approximate number
approximate number
Sedentary
Sedentary, related to
Sedentary
Way of Life:
exploration and the fur
trade
Agriculture, territorial
Territorial expansion
Agriculture, territorial
Land Use:
expansion
associated with the fur
expansion
trade, agriculture and
animal husbandry
Beliefs, religion, arts,
Beliefs, religion, arts,
Beliefs, religion, arts,
Cultural
languages, diet, dress,
languages, diet, dress,
languages, diet, dress,
Characteristics:
recreational activities,
recreational activities,
recreational activities,
customs
customs
customs
Economic Activities:
Agriculture, hunting,
fishing, gathering, barter
Fur trade, agriculture,
hunting, fishing
Political
Characteristics:
Decision making,
selection of leaders
Decision making, roles
and powers of leaders
Means of
transportation
Canoe, snowshoes
Canoe, cart, boat
Transportation
Routes:
Techniques and tools:
Waterways, forest trails
Waterways, forest trails
Pottery, basket weaving,
boat building, making
snowshoes
Related to trades
Agriculture, animal
husbandry, hunting,
fishing, trade, early
industry, fur trade
Decision making, roles
and powers of leaders,
institutions
Canoe, cart, horseback,
animal-drawn vehicles,
boat
Waterways, forest trails,
early roads
Pottery, basket weaving,
boat building, making
snowshoes.
Assets and Limitations of the Territories:
Characteristic:
Algonquians
around 1500
Relief:
Plain, valley
Climate:
Temperatures,
precipitation, prevailing
winds
Deciduous
River, lake, rapids,
confluence
Fertile soil, forests,
water, fauna, flora
Vegetation:
Bodies of Water:
Resources:
French Society in New
France
around 1645
Plain, river valley,
plateau, hills
Temperatures,
precipitation, prevailing
winds
Deciduous. Coniferous
River, lake, rapids,
confluence
Fertile soil, forests,
water, fauna, flora
Canadian Society in
New France
around 1745
Plain, river valley,
plateau, mountain range,
hills
Temperatures,
precipitation, prevailing
winds
Deciduous, coniferous
River, lake, falls, rapids,
confluence
Fertile soil, forests,
water, fauna, flora,
minerals
Vast territory
Other:
Influence of People and Events on Social and Territorial Organization
Characteristic:
Algonquians around
1500
Role of Women
People
Events
French Society in New
France around 1645
Champlain, Laviolette,
Maisonneuve, religious,
coureurs de bois,
companies, Native
peoples
First settlements, Indian
wars, explorations,
creation of trading posts
Canadian Society in
New France
around 1745
Talon, Frontenac, Msgr.
De Laval, colonists,
filles du Roy, coureurs
de bois, artisans,
military
Establishment of cottage
industries, Seigneurial
system, triangular trade
Elements of Continuity with the present:
Algonquians
around 1500
French Society in New France
around 1645
Canadian Society in New France
around 1745
Native people territories
Native place names
Native population of Iroquoian
origin
Language and religion
Customs and traditions
Knowledge of territory, place
names, early roads
Method of land division
Knowledge of territory
Importing of domestic animals
Artifacts and sites
Former trading posts, early
settlements that later became
towns
Literary and scientific production,
games, folklore
Competency 2
Interpreting Change in the Organization of a Society and in its Territory:
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The description of the changes
The principal causes and effects of these changes
The influence of certain individuals or groups
Specific events that lead to these changes
How these changes are perpetuated in the society and its territory
Characteristic:
Iroquoian Society between 1500
and 1745
Territory occupied, elements of the
way of life, use of European
products, religion, European
diseases
Important Changes:
People who Influenced Changes:
Events that Influenced Changes:
French and Canadian Society in
New France between 1645 and
1745
Territory occupied (size and land
use), settlement patterns,
demography, government,
agriculture, industry, trade
Jean Talon, explorers, filles du Roy,
Gilles Hocquart
Seigneurial system, explorations,
birth rate, diversification of the
economy
Competency 3
Discovering the Diversity of Societies and their Territories:
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The similarities or differences between the two societies and their territories
The principal causes of these differences or similarities
The effect of these differences or similarities
The strengths and weaknesses of the social and territorial organization of the society being studied
Principal Differences:
Iroquoian Society and
Algonquian Society
around 1500
Iroquoian Society and
Inca Society around
1500
Characteristics of the
Territory occupied, way
of life, economic
activities, political
structures, roles of
women and men,
habitat, diet, dress
Characteristics of the
territory occupied,
number of inhabitants,
chiefs, social structure,
habitat, science and
technology, beliefs
Canadian Society in
New France and
societies in the
Thirteen Colonies
around 1745
Characteristics of the
territory occupied,
number of inhabitants,
type of government,
languages, religions,
economic activities,
military force
Researching and Working with Information in Geography and History
1.
2.
3.
4.
Learning about a problem: defining the problem, drawing on previous learning, considering
research strategies that will lead to a solution.
Asking Questions: Spontaneously framing questions, organizing questions in categories, Selecting
useful questions
Planning Research: Making a research plan, Locating sources of information, Choosing or creating
data-gathering tools
Gathering and Processing Information: Collecting data, Sorting data into categories,
Distinguishing between facts and opinions, Critizing data, Distinguishing between relevant and
irrelevant documents, Comparing data
5.
6.
Organizing Information: Choosing a way to communicate information, Making a plan, Identifying
the essential elements of information, Arranging data in tables, lists, graphs, or text, Using
supporting documents, Indicating sources
Communicating the results of research: Choosing appropriate language, presenting a production,
using various supporting materials.
Techniques Specific to Geography:
Maps: reading, interpreting, using spatial reference points, using a wind rose, orienting a map, locating
a place on a map, on a globe of the world, in an atlas.
Geographic Information: Finding geographic information in a document, interpreting illustrated
documents (illustrations, sketches, posters, etc.)
Other: Using an atlas, Interpreting climate charts
Techniques Specific to History:
Time lines: Reading, constructing, Chronological Reference Points (month, season, year, decade,
century, millennium), calculating duration
Illustrated Documents: decoding (murals, paintings, posters, etc) and interpreting
Finding historical information in a document
Using an atlas