PEAK 404
Final Exam Study Guide
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Be able to describe the differences between the CNS and the PNS and where reflexes occur.
Be able to describe the components of the afferent and efferent nervous divisions and their functions.
Be able to describe depolarization and repolarization – order of events and charge differences.
Be able to describe the components of a motor unit.
Be able to describe the functions of skeletal muscle.
Be Able to describe and draw the microstructure of skeletal muscle.
Be able to describe the components that define a sarcomere and explain how the sarcomere is the smallest
functional unit of muscle.
Be able to explain the difference between arrangement of sarcomeres in series and in parallel.
Be able to describe the neuromuscular junction and describe its role in muscle contraction.
Be able to describe excitation contraction coupling from the brain to the shortening of the sarcomere
including all steps, components, and results.
Be able to describe the difference between the types of muscle fibers from a contraction velocity, force
production, oxidative capacity, ATPase activity, nerve conduction velocity, stain for myoglobin
(color), fat storage, capillary density, mitochondrial density, and size.
Be able to explain how a person comes to acquire their muscle fiber type, how they can get a different
muscle fiber type, and how training affects muscle fiber types.
Be able to explain the changes that occur in muscle mass as a result of aging.
Be able to describe the different types of muscle contractions and provide examples of each in sport or
daily activities.
Be able to describe the impact recruitment strategies have on the production of force and speed of
movement.
Be able to describe the contribution of different muscle fibers to forceful, fast, or long duration activities.
Be able to describe the effect that muscle length has on force production.
Be able to describe the effect that contraction velocity has on force production.
Be able to describe the effect that contraction velocity has on power production.
Be able to describe the action the muscle spindle and Golgi tendon organ play and their role in protecting
the human from harm.
Be able to describe the 3 principles of training and explain each using a specific example.
Be able to describe the “SAID” principle as a function of the principles of training.
Be able to describe the contributions stroke volume and a-vO2 difference have in determining VO2 max.
Be able to describe the factors that contribute to increased a-vO2 difference.
Be able to describe the basic structural and biochemical adaptations that occur with endurance and
strength training.
Be able to describe the neural adaptations that occur with strength training.
Be able to describe the changes (adaptations) that occur with detraining and how soon detraining occurs.
Be able to describe the dose-response relationship of exercise and why the least fit benefit the most from
just a little bit of exercise compared to the most fit.
Be able to explain why improved fitness does not always translate to improved health.
Be able to describe the general guidelines for improving fitness.
Be able to describe the basic exercise prescription for cardiorespiratory fitness considering kcals used per
session, mode, frequency, intensity, and time.
Be able to determine exercise intensity of 60-80% of VO2 max or HR by calculating target zones with
both the % of maximum method and % of reserve (Karvonen for HR) method.
Be able to describe the basic exercise prescription for muscular strength.
Be able to describe the general guidelines for improving flexibility.
Be able to describe the difference between measurement and estimation of body composition.