Medical Biology Review for Benchmark 5
Name___________________
Date __________ period ___
Complete this to obtain 60 points. This review sheet will also be used to help you study for your CST science exam.
1.
Complete the following statement: DNA makes the RNA that makes the __________________
2.
A chain of amino acids is called a _______________
3.
What are proteins used for in the body?
____________________________________________________________
4.
What effect do protein enzymes have a chemical reactions in the body?
_________________________________________________________
5.
What the four nucleic acids that make up a DNA chain? a.
_______ b. _______ c. ________ d. ____________
6.
How is DNA different than RNA in the make up of the types of nucleic acids? a.
______________________________________________
7.
Using the codon table, determine the amino acid sequence for the following mRNA codon:
AUG-CCC-UUG-AAC a.
_____ _____ ______ ______
8.
A chain of amino acids is called a _______________
9.
Is the following sequence from a DNA or an RNA portion?
GATTACA
CTAATGT
_____________________________________
10.
Is the following sequence from a DNA or an RNA portion?
CAUAACA
__________________________________
11.
After proteins are made at the ribosome, what pathway does it follow if it is to be packaged and secreted by the cell? (draw the cell to show!)
12.
What is a gene mutation?
13.
What is a substitution mutation?
14.
What is a deletion mutation?
15.
What effect do mutations have a protein production?
16.
What would be the sequence of the mRNA chain from the following sequence of the DNA molecule: TATAGAC
17.
What is the importance of meiosis in living organisms?
________________________________________________________
18.
In which organ does meiosis occur? __________________
19.
What is genotype?_______________________________________________
20.
What is phenotype? ______________________________________________
21.
How are traits passed on from parents to offspring?
22.
If parent plants come from a pure line of tall plants, why is it unlikely to have short plant?
____________________________________________
23.
Show the above by using a punnet square and the symbols T or t

24.
What are the possible genotypes from a cat that has TtGg (T=long tail, t=short tail, G=green eyes, g=)
25.
If a Tt type plant is crossed with a similar Tt plant (T=tall, t=short), what percent will be tall?
_____% Short? ______% (show using a punnet square)
26.
What is the diploid number of chromosomes in a human body cells? _______
27.
What is the haploid number of chromosomes in a human sex cells? _______
28.
Are diploid cells from mitosis or meiosis? ________________
29.
Are haploid cells from mitosis or meiosis? ________________
Cells
30.
Why is a cell membrane referred to a semipermeable membrane?
31.
Eukaryotes includes plants and animals. a.
How are plant cells similar to animal cells: b.
How are plant cells different than animal cells:
32.
What are specialized cells used for in an organism?
33.
What happens to glucose (C6H12O6) during cellular respiration? Show using the chemical equation of cellular respiration:
Chapter 3 (Ecology)
34.
Put from smaller to larger: Community, Population, Species, Genus
____________ ___________ __________ __________
35.
Once you put them in order, define each:
36.
What is a producer?
37.
What is a consumer?
38.
What is a predator?
39.
What are decomposers?
40.
Draw a pyramid showing producers, primary consumer, up to 3 rd level consumers:
41.
As you go up the pyramid, what percent of energy is lost at each level? (show that in the pyramid above)
42.
How can a new species introduced into a new environment, affect the native organisms?
43.
What can cause in increase to a population? (there may be several reasons)
44.
What can cause a decrease to a population? (there may be several reasons)
45.
What is a limiting factor in a population?
46.
What is an abiotic factor in an environment?
47.
What are biotic factors in an environment?
48.
Draw a simple diagram of the water cycle: using the terms condensation, precipitation, evaporation and transpiration:
49.
What carries out nitrogen fixation in an environment?

Chapter 15 (Evolution)
50.
What is natural selection? List all three parts. a.
What is adaptation? b.
What is fitness? c.
Does it impact genotypes or phenotypes? Explain. d.
What are the 3 types of natural selection (Hint: Graphs)
51.
How does a deadly allele (gene) maintain itself in a population of sexually reproducing organisms? (Hint: Homozygous or Heterozygous?)
52.
Are mutation helpful, harmful, or both to a population’s gene pool? Explain.
53.
There have been two major extinction events in Earth’s history. Was life wiped out? a.
What might have contributed to life’s survival on our planet?
54.
What is genetic drift? a.
What types of populations does genetic drift affect? b.
Does genetic drift increase or decrease variation?
55.
What are the 3 different types of Reproductive Isolation? a.
How can each of these types of isolation affect a population?
56.
What is a fossil? a.
What is the fossil record? b.
What can we learn from fossils? c.
What is punctuated equilibrium?