Review: Genetics and Heredity
Name: ___________________________________
Objective: Use this sheet in conjunction with your labs, notes, quizzes, homework and extra credit review sheet to
study for the exam on Mendelian Genetics (Chapter 11) and Human Genetics (Chapter 14.) The extra credit review
sheet is due tomorrow. These are sample questions from the exam for you to practice with!
Mendel and Simple Inheritance
1. If an organism is said to be a hybrid, that means they are…?
A) Homozygous dominant
B) Homozygous recessive
C) Heterozygous
D) True-breeding
2. A punnett square is used to determine the…
A) result of Meiosis I
C) result of segregation
B) probable outcome of a cross
D) actual outcome of a cross
3. When you flip a coin, what is the probability that it will come up tails?
A) ½
B) ¼
C) 1/8
D) 1
4. A couple has two children, both of whom are boys. What is the chance that the parents’ next child will be a boy?
A) 0%
B) 25%
C) 50%
D) 100%
5. If you have an animal of an unknown genotype, how would you be able to determine its genotype?
A) Testcross
B) Pedigree
C) Karyotype
D) All of the above
6. If you were going to perform a testcross for a black hamster, what type of animal would you cross with the animal of
unknown genotype?
A) Another dominant black hamster
C) no cross, look at its siblings
B) A recessive white hamster
D) none of the above
7. If the offspring from the testcross are half white and half black, you would conclude that the black hamster’s
genotype would be? (Given B is black and b for white.)
A) BB
B) bb
C) Bb
D) None of the above
8. The passing on of traits from parents to offspring is called ___________.
A) Genetics
B) Heredity
C) Inbreeding
D) Gene Splicing
9. Genes located on homologous chromosomes may have alternate forms that control different forms of a trait. These
alternate forms of a gene are called ________.
A) Alleles
B) Centromeres
C) Phenotypes
D) Gametes
10. Cells containing two alleles for each trait are described as ____________.
A) Haploid
B) Diploid
C) Gametes
D) Homozygous
11. An animal that has a genotype of one uppercase letter and one lowercase letter, such as Aa is called ________.
A) Homozygous Recessive
C) Heterozygous Dominant
B) Homozygous Dominant
D) Heterozygous Recessive
12. An animal that has a genotype of two upper letters, such as AA is called ________.
A) Homozygous Recessive
C) Heterozygous Dominant
B) Homozygous Dominant
D) Heterozygous Recessive
13. An animal that has a genotype of two lowercase letters, such as aa is called ________.
A) Homozygous Recessive
C) Heterozygous Dominant
B) Homozygous Dominant
D) Heterozygous Recessive
14. Mendel’s Law of segregation states that during meiosis, the factors that control each trait separate and only ______
from each pair is/are passed to the offspring.
A) one factor
B) the dominant trait
C) two factors
D) the recessive trait
15. The law of independent assortment states that the inheritance of alleles for one trait is not affected by the
inheritance of alleles for a different trait if the genes for the traits are on ___________.
A) separate chromosomes B) the same chromosome C) homologous chromosomes D) homozygous chromosomes
16. A dog’s phenotype can be determined by ___________________.
A) looking at the dog’s parents
C) mating the dog and looking at the offspring
B) examining the dog’s chromosomes
D) looking at the dog
Complex Inhertiance
17. The type of inheritance shown when a red-flowering plant is crossed with a white-flowering plant and only pinkflowering plants are produced.
A) Codominance
B) Incomplete Dominance
C) Polygenic Inheritance
D) Multiple Alleles
18. The type of inheritance that is governed by many genes, like skin color.
A) Codominance
B) Incomplete Dominance
C) Polygenic Inheritance
D) Multiple Alleles
19. The type of inheritance where both dominant alleles are expressed/shown in the phenotype, like AB blood.
A) Codominance
B) Incomplete Dominance
C) Polygenic Inheritance
D) Multiple Alleles
20. The type of inheritance where there are more than two alleles in a population such as A, B, and O blood.
A) Codominance
B) Incomplete Dominance
C) Polygenic Inheritance
D) Multiple Alleles
Blood typing
21. What African-American scientist is credited with the process of blood banking and plasma?
A) James Watson
B) Francis Crick
C) Charles Drew
D) Rosalind Franklin
22. The red blood cells of a person with type AB blood have
a) A antigen only
b) B antigens only
c) both A and B antigens
d) no a or b antigens
23. The red blood cells of a person with type AB blood have
a) A antigen only
b) B antigens only
c) both A and B antigens
d) no a or b antigens
24. You know if you have a positive test for a A blood type when the blood smear…
A) agglutinates or clumps with Anti-A
C) does nothing
B) agglutinates or clumps with Anti-B
D) Clumps with both anti-A and anti-B
25. Which blood type is the universal donor?
26. Which blood type is the universal recipient?
A) A
A) A
B)B
B)B
C) AB
C) AB
D) O
D) O
Pedigrees and Karyotypes
27. Which parent determines the sex of the offspring and why?
A) The mother, because she can give either an X or an Y
C) The mother, because she can give either an X or an X
B) The father, because he can give either an X or an Y
D) The father, because he can give either an X or an X
28. A chart that traces the inheritance of a trait in a family is called…?
A) pedigree
B) karyotype
C) genome
D) autosome
29. In a pedigree, males are represented by which symbol?
A) Triangles
B) Circles
C) Squares
D) Lines
30. In a pedigree, females are represented by which symbol?
A) Triangles
B) Circles
C) Squares
D) Lines
31. In the pedigree above person number II.3 is a(n)
a) affected male.
c) unaffected male.
b) affected female.
d) unaffected female.
32. The trait shown in the pedigree above must be
A) autosomal dominant
C) sex-linked dominant
B) autosomal recessive
D) sex-linked recessive
Human Genetic Disorders
33. During what phase of the cell cycle are chromosomes visible and can be
used to create a karyotype?
A) G2 phase
B) G1 phase
C) S phase
D) M phase
34. An Extra X chromosome is what disorder?
A) Down Syndrome
C) Kleinfelter’s Syndrome
B) Turner’s Syndrome
D) None of these
35. What is the sex of this karyotype?
A) male
B) female C) Both male & female D) neither male or female
36. What term describes how gametes can receive too many or too few chromosomes?
A) nondistinction
B) nondisprudence
C) nondisjunction
D) nondisfiguration
37. What type of chromosomal disorder is when a female receives only one X chromosome?
A) Down Syndrome
B) Turner’s Syndrome C) Kleinfelter’s Syndrome
D) None of these
38. What disease is recessive autosomal and is caused by a lethal accumulation of lipids or fats in the brain?
A) Albinism
B) PKU
C) Cystic Fibrosis
D) Tay-Sachs
39. Which of the following diseases is not sex-linked recessive?
A) Cystic Fibrosis
B) Hemophilia
C) Colorblindness
D) Duchenne’s Muscular Dystrophy
40. Sickle Cell anemia is a codominant disorder that causes a change in blood cells so they cannot carry…?
A) Nitrogen
B) Oxygen
C) Plasma
D) Carbon
41. What type of sex-linked disorder is known for uncontrollable bleeding?
A) Sickle Cell anemia B) Cystic Fibrosis
C) Achrondroplasia
D) Hemophilia
42. Affected males of sex-linked disorders get it from their….?
A) Mothers
B) Fathers
C) Both mother and father
D) none of these
43. Affected females of sex-linked disorders get it from their…?
A) Mothers
B) Fathers
C) Both mother and father
D) none of these
44. Which of the following would complete this sex-related punnett square?
A) XBY
B) XbY
C) XBXB
D) XBXb
45. What would characterize the mother in this sex-related pedigree?
A) Homozygous Normal
C) Homozygous affected
B) Heterozgyous or a Carrier
D) Cannot tell from the Punnett square
46. Which of the following best describes the mutation called “B?”
A) Deletion
B) Duplication
C) Inversion
D) Insertion
E) Translocation
47. Which of the following best describes the mutation called “E?”
A) Deletion
B) Duplication
C) Inversion
D) Insertion
E) Translocation
48. What type of disorder would be associated with the mutation “C?”
A) Fragile X
B) Hemophilia
C) Acute Myelogenous Leukemia
D) Cri du Chat
49. What type of disorder would be associated with the mutation “A?”
A) Fragile X
B) Hemophilia
C) Acute Myelogenous Leukemia
D) Cri du Chat
50. How many chromosomes does a normal human have?
A) 23
B) 46
C) 92
D) none of these