DRAFT 4.0 – FORESIGHT EDUCATION GUIDE for CURRICULUM Willis Goldbeck Lisa Hasler-Waters Foresight Education Guide for Curriculum I. Reasoning for Foresight Education The exponential pace of change has created a world in which the chance of discovering the right answer is small and more the exception than the rule. Adapting to a changing stock of knowledge and tolerating the consequences of ambiguities are required skills for the 21st century learner. Today, most schools, even those with excellent graduation records, devote the vast majority of their teaching hours to the understanding of history and current conditions. As centers of higher education and workplace organizations experience the challenges posed in these uncertain times, they recognize the need for students to be able to navigate successfully and to develop the skills and knowledge for operating within increasingly complex societies. We believe that in order for our younger students to succeed in their future they will need to have skills to master the basics of change, to anticipate it, to manage uncertainty and ambiguity and ultimately to proactively create the changes necessary to bend the future to more preferable outcomes. Foresight Education is a pedagogical process that provides students with these skills. Foresight Education embodies a systematic process that moves students from open-ended inquiry, through rigorous research, and then opens again to reveal creative solutions based on logical, valid conclusions, which address ethical and moral implications. The outcomes of Foresight Education are to enable students to be able to develop, experience and apply their capacity for wisdom in the face of uncertainties. Wisdom is often associated with having many experiences and judging with reason. Aristotle identified two forms of wisdom -- Sophia which engages universal truths, and Phronesis, which applies practical wisdom. Psychologists typically define wisdom as an integration of knowledge, experience, and deep understanding that incorporates tolerance for the uncertainties of life.1 Wisdom, does not rest solely in the realm of intellect. It also requires an ability to see the big picture with considerable introspection. We believe that wisdom has never been as important as it will become in the face of the great challenges of the 21st Century. Further, while Bloom’s Taxonomy of Learning Objectives2 3does not explicitly include wisdom, we believe that wisdom is going to be one of the most important learning objectives in the future. 1 Psychologist Today, http://www.psychologytoday.com/basics/wisdom Mary Forehandv (o.J.) Bloom’s Taxonomy.- Georgia. Retrieved from http://projects.coe.uga.edu/epltt/index.php?title=Bloom%27s_Taxonomy 3 Overbaugh, R., Schultz, L (2014). Bloom’s Taxonomy. Retrieved from http://fitnyc.edu/files/pdfs/CET_TL_BloomsTaxonomy.pdf 2 1 DRAFT 4.0 – FORESIGHT EDUCATION GUIDE for CURRICULUM Willis Goldbeck Lisa Hasler-Waters II. What is Foresight Education? Foresight Education has evolved out of the intellectual and practical experiences of leading futurists from both academia and enterprise. It represents over 30 years of practice in the corporate, private enterprise and public sectors around the world. By the end of 2014, over 30 schools spanning the globe have applied Foresight Education within their pedagogical practices. Foresight Education guides students through a rigorous approach to thinking—without limits – about alternative futures where the ultimate goal is to create an aspirational future for a topic students find personally relevant. Foresight education is a pedagogical method for helping students to develop innovation and problem-solving skills that consider the various ethical and moral implications of how decisions made today may play out in the longer-term future. It provides students with significant opportunities to use their imagination, to challenge their own assumptions and to articulate their understanding of possible futures with confidence. Learning how to think wisely about futures and their possible implications is a skill that transcends subject matter, lives beyond classrooms and can be used throughout a purpose-driven citizenry. We believe that Foresight Education is one method for experiencing applied wisdom. It is important to understand that Foresight Education is not a content-laden curriculum. Nor is it a subject for which there are “right” answers. It does not support a grading-system that awards those who got the most correct answers. Rather, Foresight is a way of thinking – wisely – about possibilities and the implications which may arise in the future – including ethical and moral dilemmas, and addressing the most challenging aspects with authenticated solutions. This Foresight Education's curriculum guide provides examples for engaging in futures methods. Importantly, this guide offers flexible programming, which can be engaged in over any given amount of time -- a semester, a week, etc. Teachers are encouraged to take from the curriculum guide and apply those elements that resonate with the learning objectives and requirements for their classroom. Foresight Education will equip students to understand and manage the long-term implications of very complex issues and rapid change, and to do so with self-awareness and deference to others. As a process or method, it evolves through a variety of learning experiences such as: ● Developing a foundational understanding of foresight and futures methods ● Gathering information from valid sources -- global and local in perspective ● Evaluating and synthesizing a wide spectrum of (often conflicting) information ● Projecting information into logical conclusions (set in the determined future) ● Identifying implications -- in a personal, local and global perspective ● Creating alternative scenarios which express three different futures and their implications by using intuition and imagination ● Presenting conclusions via multimedia, dramatic or written products 2 DRAFT 4.0 – FORESIGHT EDUCATION GUIDE for CURRICULUM Willis Goldbeck Lisa Hasler-Waters One of the most significant opportunities students gain from foresight skills and knowledge is the use of their imagination to inform their own understandings and to substantiate their beliefs and opinions with reliable evidence. Importantly, these skills are transferable to college, career and life in general. III Who is Foresight Education For? Foresight Education is designed to be used for elementary and secondary-age students and for general and advanced or honors-level learners. Foresight Education is currently being piloted in schools around the globe. Teachers and students who have embarked upon futures work have told us that it has been one of the most creative, yet challenging, units of learning they have ever experienced. Foresight Education can also be used in just about any subject area. Some of our current teachers are employing Foresight Education within English Language Arts, Social Sciences, Science, and Geography, and so on. Foresight Education does not require that you give up a unit of learning. Rather, teachers often layer a given unit with Foresight Education as a strategy for dive deeper into a given topic or to bring a topic to life through this project-based approach. For instance, in a Human Geography course for sophomores the teachers dedicated one class every two weeks to the foresight curriculum. Student groups consulted with both teachers and took up topics ranging from global demographics 2030 to AIDS 2030, and from global criminal networks 2030 to global inequity 2030. In an English Language Arts class for juniors, the teacher rooted an expository writing project on the “The Future of…” The project included forecasting on a specific topic and was built around three core objectives- 1) intensive self-directed non-fiction reading, 2) improving skill sets in researching and research paper writing and 3) increasing student knowledge and understanding about a variety of topics, their impact and/or role in our world and their probable trajectories in the near future. Teachers can choose the topics or central futures-themes for the foresight project or can allow students to choose their own topics. Additionally, teachers may ask students to work independently or in small groups. We recommend that the culmination of a foresight project should provide students with an opportunity to showcase his/her work in a formal presentation whereby peers, teachers and other community members are present. Presentations may be produced using a variety of forms, including multimedia, written, oral, art or dramatic interpretations. IV Foresight Tools Understanding the dynamics of change is a central skill in futures work. Foresight tools help prepare students to provide long-term forecasts of expectable and plausible change that occur in the future. The future is 2020, 2030 and 2040. Students work within this rolling three-decade period. Tools, such as scenarios, can help distill the infinite range of possible futures into a limited number of polar “types,” which stimulates consideration of the strategic choices to be confronted and the principal dimensions of change. The scenarios invite students to ask, “how probable,” and “how desirable,” is each future, which “would I want to make happen”? And importantly, “what are the implications of 3 DRAFT 4.0 – FORESIGHT EDUCATION GUIDE for CURRICULUM Willis Goldbeck Lisa Hasler-Waters each futures?” The entire curriculum makes a contribution towards critical thinking, particularly in reference to: ● ● ● ● Identifying assumptions about each of three futures – including expected, collapse, and preferred; Creating alternative futures; Gathering and analyzing supporting evidence; and, Building the case for the preferred (aspirational) future Students begin their forecast work by engaging in environmental scanning – a rigorous process that requires students to research historical and current conditions and emerging trends along six (or more) major categories (a) demographics, (b) economics, (c ) politics, (d) technology, (e) culture, (f) environment. Students are also taught how to scan for weak signals of change before they become apparent. Then, students engage in: ● ● ● Trend Analysis – cross referencing emerging issues of potential interest from multiple information sources including print, electronic and when possible, conduct personal interviews with experts; Scenario Development – an extension of current conditions (expectable future), a collapse future (challenging future) and a preferred (aspirational future). Along the way, students are taught to consider ethical and moral implications as well as the impact of wild cards (also referred to as black swans; Imagining and Designing various alternative futures Students who have engaged in Foresight Education have said that it has given them the freedom to “think on their own,” and “to make their own choices,” all of which students viewed most favorably! V. Goals The goal for Foresight Education is to help students engage in a global conversation about the future without being encumbered by today’s problems and to encourage them to believe that they can make a difference. It is also to empower them with the skills needed to influence their own future opportunities. Furthermore, Foresight Education exists to help students develop their abilities to think deeply about their own assumptions and beliefs as they build their capacity for wisdom. The larger goal of Foresight Education is to train the next generation to responsibly and compassionately handle the hard decisions and the complex issues and demands of a future in which they will live and to: (a) give students the ability to develop a deep understanding of change so that they can (b) think systematically about anticipating and managing change and its implications on the futures; in order for them to (c) create their preferred future with wisdom. Learning Objectives Ultimately, students will be able to: 4 DRAFT 4.0 – FORESIGHT EDUCATION GUIDE for CURRICULUM Willis Goldbeck Lisa Hasler-Waters 1. + Apply skills and tools for gathering, analyzing and managing/planning for change 2. + Create (design) alternative scenarios of future within a three-decade long timeline 3. + Articulate long-term implications, especially concerning ethical and moral concerns through a variety of multimedia, written and formal presentations VI. Pedagogical Foundations The Foresight Education Curriculum Plan is built on research and pedagogical practices drawn from leading practitioners and academicians in Futures. Innovative educational frameworks including 21st Century Skills and Knowledge, Project-based learning, Student-centered learning and Common Core States Standards for English Language Arts can be found within Foresight Education. However, Foresight Education is not bound by these frameworks or standards because the aim of Foresight Education is to break free of any boundaries and to explore all the possibilities for learning, thinking, creating and innovating. The curriculum employs an experiential based approach in which teachers and learners share knowledge to build their understandings. There are no right answers. But there are right approaches. Foresight Education recognizes that there are many pathways to thinking about the future and dealing with uncertainties and therefore encourages teachers, students and everyone to explore their own pathways. The curriculum steps students through a thinking process in a non-linear fashion. This is because using foresight to solve problems and create solutions involves an iterative process. For example, once a student imagines his future topic, he begins collecting data to develop a comprehensive understanding of the past, and present condition of the subject. At the same time, the student is engaging in synthesis of the data in order to make sense of what he is finding. He may also engage in dialog with others to understand the ethical and moral implications of his findings and to develop a better understanding of his own values and belief sets. These new understandings may require that the student collect and analyze more data, or that he reflect more openly or compassionately to engage broader perspectives. VII. Curriculum There are many ways for teaching foresight and futures methods. The curriculum guide presented here is offered as one way of teaching students foresight and futures methods. Big Ideas Young people own the future. They should and can influence the future for themselves, their community and the world. Essential Questions We begin Foresight Education by helping to situate students within their own, personal sense of the future. We begin by helping them to visualize events that have been personally relevant to them in their past (learning to ride a bike at 6 or getting their driver’s license). Next, we ask them to visualize what might their future look like in 5 years – will they be in college or working? We help them find anchors along the way that they can relate to, such as for high school-age students recognizing that young men and women just two-years older than them may be serving on the front lines in war-torn 5 DRAFT 4.0 – FORESIGHT EDUCATION GUIDE for CURRICULUM Willis Goldbeck Lisa Hasler-Waters countries. Then we ask students, “What do you think will be the most important change for you in the next few years? Followed by, “What might happen in your life over the next 10, 20, and 30 years? Finally, we ask, “What do you hope for in your future? This leads into the foresight project where the teacher provides an overview of what is Foresight/Futuring. There is a very delightful video produced by one of our Foresight Teachers, which gives an animated overview of how-do future. See: http://www.foresighteducation.info/page/learners. The teacher then leads students through the foresight skills and knowledge building activities in a time frame that is aligned to classroom goals. See Appendix A: Foresight Education Guide for Curriculum. VIII. Evaluation At Foresight Education, we believe that the most authentic way to capture what a student knows, understands and has mastered is through authentic assessments. Authentic assessments provide the student with opportunities to share what was learned within real life contexts and in forums where the student receives immediate feedback and attention. With this in mind, FE embeds assessment within lesson activities. This means that assessments are not thought of as separate activities to be given outside of or in addition to lesson activities. Rather, assessments are woven throughout topics, conversations, research, presentations and a final exhibit (presentation, video/audio, open-mic/futures slam session). Additionally, the student is not thought of as a separate unit -- to be judged by the teacher, who is also a separate unit. Instead, the student participates alongside the teacher and classmates to determine the soundness of his/her understandings. The nature of these types of assessments (See Appendix A) reflects the pedagogical method for future studies, where the student is guided to (a) think critically, (b) imagine and create, (c) solve problems, (d) hone his/her abilities to make sense of factual evidence as it informs uncertainty and, (f) synthesize the evidence into well-reasoned opportunities for success. Importantly, these assessments reflect many of the core evaluation strategies found within AP and IB schemas and the essential skills for 21st Century Skills and Knowledge. Beyond these wellregarded schemas, the assessments incorporate those skills and abilities essential for mastering foresight and are aligned to our Learning Objectives. 6 DRAFT 4.0 – FORESIGHT EDUCATION GUIDE for CURRICULUM Willis Goldbeck Lisa Hasler-Waters Appendix A: Foresight Education Guide for Curriculum The following table contains the process by which Foresight can be learned and practiced. Its linear format represents the sequential steps by which a student moves through the thinking processes and provides examples of learning opportunities, assessments and activities that typically lead to achieving them. However, it is important to note that the “steps” may be iterative in that sometimes one step may require a student to revisit a previous step to ensure reasonability. It is also important to understand that there is no single method to accomplish the “steps.” In fact, there ARE MANY WAYS to help a young learner develop foresight capabilities! Teachers are encouraged to create their own pathways! Learning Objectives and Actions Assessments Activities Teaching Activities Develop a foundational understanding of foresight and futures methods FORMATIVE Student converses about futures using an historical event as it relates to his current life Student shares examples of foresight and futures from today’s media Explore historical context related to futures Discover foresight / futures in the Communicate foundational understanding of futures and foresight in real world context FORMATIVE Student presents to others an example of an important foresight project and discusses its application in today’s real world context Student shares narrative from his interview with a futurist Examine important futures programs and projects (e.g. EU Horizon 2020), Interview a futurist Dialog with students about important futures projects to guide their understanding of the application of these projects in real world context Provide students with contact information for futurist and invite students to interview the futurist concerning their careers Topic Selection FORMATIVEStudent chooses a topic of great personal interest and which reflects local and cultural values – or Teacher assigns topics Brainstorm, dialog, reflective thinking Guide students through an open brainstorm session with the goal to spark their imagination and land on a topic of their choice or teacherselected. Can be group or individual projects. media Guide students through historical events which help them form understandings of how those past events have impacted our current lives Present examples of foresight in today’s media and invite students to do the same 7 DRAFT 4.0 – FORESIGHT EDUCATION GUIDE for CURRICULUM Willis Goldbeck Lisa Hasler-Waters Learning opportunities Assessments Activities Teaching Activities Imagine your topic in 2020, 2030, 2040 FORMATIVE Student converses or writes about how he imagines the future of his selected topic Visioning and imaging what his topic may be in the future Guide students through a visualization* to help them open their mind to the possibilities of the future of their selected topics Identify and investigate the current conditions of your topic FORMATIVE 1) Lists 10 or more valid sources of information that can inform his topic 2) Describes the “lens” which he gathered information and dialogs with others to develop his own perspective and understand that of others 3) Documents his findings (GoogleDocs, classroom blog, etc) Engage in environmental scanning that reflect STEEPV4 by 1) identify 10 or more valid sources of information, 2) investigate the obvious and beyond the obvious of historical and current conditions, 3) identify “lens” (student’s personal background, culture compared with others) through which scanning, investigation occurs, 4) report on the conditions of your topic Guide students through the research process, including: 1. Sourcing materials for STEEPV 2. Validating and checking for reliability of resources (for tips see: http://www.infotoday.com/mmschools/mar00/o sullivan&scott.htm) 3. Provide a forum for dialog and communication Identify and investigate trends (scan) that might influence your topic FORMATIVE 1) Student lists 10 or more valid sources of information that can inform his topic 2) Documents his findings (GoogleDocs, etc) Engage in environmental scanning to find emerging trends and “weak” signals of possible disruptions by 1) identifying 10+ valid sources of information, 2) investigate the obvious and beyond the obvious, including ethical and moral issues 3) report on the trends concerning your topic Guide students through the research process, including: 1. Sourcing materials for emerging trends 2. Validating and checking for reliability of resources (for tips see: http://www.infotoday.com/mmschools/mar00/o sullivan&scott.htm) 3. Provide a forum for dialog and communication 4 STEEPV – represents the categories for research associated with broad and comprehensive understanding of a given topic, where S = social/societal, T = technological, E = economics, E = environment, P = political, V = values 8 DRAFT 4.0 – FORESIGHT EDUCATION GUIDE for CURRICULUM Willis Goldbeck Lisa Hasler-Waters Learning opportunities Assessments Activities Teaching Activities Identify unexpected events that might influence your topic and trends FORMATIVE 1) Reports on at least 5 unexpected events that could influence topic/trends, demonstrates critical evaluation and impact 1) Imagine possible wild cards and black swans that could influence topic/trends 2) Critically evaluate these negative/positive forces as they might impact topic/trends – with special consideration for ethical and moral issues 3) Dialog with others to gain insight on ethical and moral issues 1. Open discussion on the topic of “wild cards,” “black swans” and how they may impact topics 2. Challenge students to consider ethical and moral issues of their topic and potential influences 3. Provide a forum for dialog and communication Forecast relationship between your topic, trends and unexpected events and communicate implications (potential for change) by carrying forward along a timeline (no shorter than 15 years) FORMATIVE 1) Synthesizes information from findings and communicates or illustrates implications –potential for change – along a timeline (that is no less than 15 years out) 1) Synthesize data you gathered looking for meaning and implications 2) Identify key drivers that will likely influence or drive your topic In the future 3) Project (forecast) your findings along a timeline of no less than 15 years out – that represents potential for change – and reveal ethical and moral issues 4) Dialog with others to gain insight on ethical and moral issues 1. Guide students through process for synthesizing data, and for layering meaning and implications within their understandings 2. Guide students through methods for forecasting – for tips see: http://jcflowers1.iweb.bsu.edu/rlo/trends.htm ) 3. Provide a forum for dialog and communication – and check assumptions Imagine and create 3 alternative scenarios of the future of your topic–include: 1. Expected (official) 2. Collapse (challenging) 3. Preferred (asipirational) FORMATIVE 1) Communicates, illustrates, dramatizes the three alternative future scenarios he created 1) Reflect on the forecasts you created, the data you’ve synthesized and begin forming assumptions about how your topic may unfold in the future (a matrix is a great way to take note of your ideas) 2) Imagine, day dream, envision three alternative stories of the future of your topic using your assumptions – add these to your matrix 1. Provide a forum for dialog and communication with the goal for checking assumptions 2. Engage students in visioning, imagining, intuiting*, dreaming alternative futures -- make sure there is plenty of time and space for students to open their minds, and free themselves from any worry about “getting it right!” – Remind them that there are NO wrong dreams! 9 DRAFT 4.0 – FORESIGHT EDUCATION GUIDE for CURRICULUM Willis Goldbeck Lisa Hasler-Waters 4) Create the narrative of your scenarios – 3. Provide opportunities for students to making sure to address your own lens and communicate and express their stories preparing to defend your ideas against challenges that may arise from others CAPSTONE project: Communicate your Preferred Future! SUMMATIVE 1) Communicates preferred scenario in a 5-minute or more public presentation (video, audio, drama, art, dialog, essay, etc.). 2) Represents his PREFERRED future with gusto! Rises to any challenges Create a compelling narrative, play, video, song that reveals your PREFERRED future of your topic Represent your scenario with gusto! Be prepared for others to challenge your assumptions of your future by knowing the research you’ve done, standing up for your own lens/values and articulating your own thought processes 1. Guide students through developing a strong communication piece that will convey their PREFERRED future with reason, and empathy 2. Guide students through responding to challenges 3. Provide time for students to practice their presentations and dialog through challenges Challenge your colleagues SUMMATIVE Challenges others on their assumptions by offering thoughtful questions and constructive feedback (this can be done publicly, anonymously, one-on-one ,etc) Challenge the scenarios created by others 1. Provide students with Guidelines for by offering thoughtful questions, and constructive challenges/feedback constructive feedback *Listen to Oliver Markley’s “Opening to Intuition” available as an MP3 10 DRAFT 4.0 – FORESIGHT EDUCATION GUIDE for CURRICULUM Willis Goldbeck Lisa Hasler-Waters APPENDIX B: ASSESSMENTS At Foresight Education (FE), we believe that the most authentic way to capture what a student knows, understands and has mastered is through authentic assessments. Authentic assessments provide the student with opportunities to share what was learned within real life contexts and in forums where the student receives immediate feedback and attention. With this in mind, FE embeds assessment within lesson activities. This means that assessments are not thought of as separate activities to be given outside of or in addition to lesson activities. Rather, assessments are woven throughout topics, conversations, research, presentations and a final exhibit (presentation, video/audio, open-mic/futures slam session). Additionally, the student is not thought of as a separate unit -- to be judged by the teacher, who is also a separate unit. Instead, the student participates alongside the teacher and classmates to determine the soundness of his/her understandings. The nature of these types of assessments reflects the pedagogical method for future studies, where the student is guided to (a) think critically, (b) imagine and create, (c) solve problems, (d) hone his/her abilities to make sense of factual evidence as it informs uncertainty and, (f) synthesize the evidence into well-reasoned opportunities for success. Importantly, these assessments reflect many of the core evaluation strategies found within AP and IB schemas and the essential skills for 21st Century Skills and Knowledge. Beyond these well-regarded schemas, the assessments incorporate those skills and abilities essential for mastering foresight: Summative Assessments ask: Is the student investigating a wide range of sources that are global and local in nature and which are appropriately culturally diverse and offer differing perspectives? Is the student synthesizing information from a wide range of resources? Is the student evaluating the reliability of information and resources? Is the student comparing and contrasting evidence? Is the student challenging his own assumptions? Is the student challenging the assumptions of others? Is the student making improvements based on the challenges posed by others of his work? Is the student relying on his own values and experiences to inform the evidence and his outcomes/product? Formative Assessments ask: Did the student develop a position on the relationship between certainty and doubt? Did the student present evidence to substantiate his positions? Did the student provide explanations, backed by sound evidence, that are convincing and which also incorporates his own values? Did the student present positions in a coherent, comprehensive way? Did the student respond intelligently, coherently to challenges posed by others? Did the student offer intelligent, thoughtful challenges to others? NOTE: FE is currently in the process of linking our assessments to Badges. See Appendix B: Badges 11 DRAFT 4.0 – FORESIGHT EDUCATION GUIDE for CURRICULUM Willis Goldbeck Lisa Hasler-Waters APPENDIX C: BADGES At Foresight Education we believe that students learn best when learning is meaningful to them and when they are recognized for their hard work in a way that transcends classroom walls. This is why we have integrated badges into our assessment strategy. Badges are an innovative way to recognize student learning and mastery of skills that stretch beyond the report card. The badging movement was initiated by Mozilla in partnership with MacArthur Foundation and HASTAC5 and they are gaining traction among educators and supporters of education reform. For example, in 2011, US Secretary of Education, Arne Duncan, announced at the Digital Media and Learning Competition that the use of badges might be a “game-changing strategy,” that could contribute to the education system.6 Some believe that badges represent more authentically signs of skills and knowledge acquisition. Badges are likened to badges earned in Boy or Girl Scouts, where children receive recognition for knowledge and skills gained, that may not always be obvious, and which they can proudly display and share with others. A student stores and displays the badges he has earned via his online portfolio, FaceBook, Twitter and just about any form of social communication technologies. This enables him to share his accomplishments with his school, parents, perspective colleges and employers, etc. Badges are open source digital emblems that are issued by an authorizing agency, like schools, museums, community service organizations, etc. The Smithsonian Institute is one organization that is on the leading edge of the movement with its Quest programs. These programs inspire students to explore their own ideas and interests online, in school, at home, and across the nation and then connect and reward learners as they learn through discovery and collaboration. Teachers are using these programs in their classrooms and are already realizing increase student motivation and learning success (See details at: http://smithsonianquests.org/about/). Badges can be issued for any accomplishment, such as skill competency, knowledge competency, participation, project completion, an internship and even self-directed tinkering. Even professionals are looking to badges for credentialing purposes. Digital badging is also beginning to be integrated into undergraduate curricula. Foresight Education badges are currently in development. They follow the Open Badges Standards (i.e. the protocols and guidelines issued by Mozilla Open Badges to ensure accuracy, validity and reliability). 7 The two prototype badges displayed below would be designated for students who participate in a Foresight Education Program (Futurist Novice) and who master program outcomes (Aspire Futures). Badges can also be tied directly to FE assessment strategies (See “Assessments” for details). Prototype Badges: 5 Mozilla Open Badges. Retrieved on October 15, 2013 from http://openbadges.org/about/ US Department of Education. Retrieved on October 15, 2013 from http://www.ed.gov/news/speeches/digital-badges-learning 7 Mozilla Open Badges. Retrieved on October 15, 2013 from http://openbadges.org/issue/ 6 12