Year 11 Biology Revision
These tasks are designed for you to test yourself and see if you can do each of the objectives for this
topic. These objectives are listed on page 48-49 in your yellow workbooks.
Objective:
Task 1:
Task 2:
Culture bacteria and fungi following correct procedures, including the safe disposal
of plates.
Put these steps in the correct order to explain how to culture a colony of bacteria:
1.
As quickly as possible wipe the cotton bud over the surface of the agar
2.
Place the agar plate at room temperature for 2 or 3 days
3.
Wipe a sterile cotton bud over the surface your shoe
4.
Lift the lid of a sterile agar plate
5.
Replace the lid on the agar plate, tape it on and turn the plate upside down
State the one safe way to safely dispose of the plate once it is finished with.
Objective: Plot and interpret a bacterial growth curve
Task 1:
Plot a line graph of bacteria numbers vs time.
Time (mins)
0
20
40
60
80
100
No. of bacteria (x1000) 20
40
80
160 320 640
120 140 160 180 200
1280 2560 2540 2500 2460
Task 2:
Bacteria can double their numbers every 20 minutes or so. Give 2 possible reasons why
the number of bacteria starts to decrease after 140 minutes?
Objective:
Task 1:
Draw and label a typical fungus using the terms hyphae, sporangium and spores
Draw a diagram of a fungus. Put these labels correctly onto your diagram: hyphae,
sporangium, spores
Circle the conditions that are required for a fungus to grow:
Plenty of light
Food
Agar
Insects to carry spores
Moisture
Warmth
Dirt
Dryness
Carbon dioxide
Antiseptic
Task 2:
Objective:
Task 1:
Task 2:
Objective:
Task 1:
Task 2:
Objective:
Objective:
Task 1:
Task 2:
Task 3:
Draw and label a typical virus and draw a diagram of the main stages of it’s
replication cycle
Draw a diagram of a virus. Put these labels correctly onto your diagram: protein sheath,
nuclear material
Explain how a virus replicates using a labelled diagram
Draw and label a typical bacterium.
Draw a diagram of a bacterium. Put these labels correctly onto your diagram: flagellum,
capsule, cell membrane, nuclear material
Match the part with it’s function:
Part
Function
Flagellum 

controls the functions of the cell
Capsule 

Helps the bacteria move around
Cell membrane 

Protects the bacteria from toxins
Nuclear material 

Controls the movements of
substances in and out of the
bacteria
Compare and contrast feeding, reproduction and size of typical bacteria, fungi and
viruses
Describe extra-cellular digestion
Explain the meaning of “extra-cellular digestion”.
Which group(s) of microbes reproduce this way?
Define the term “saprophyte”
Task 4:
Use a diagram to explain what binary fission is.
Objective: Name some harmful and useful micro-organisms
Task 1:
Complete the table:
Organism
Helpful example
Bacteria
Harmful example
Fungi
Viruses
Task 2:
Define the term “pathogen”
Objective:
Task 1:
Task 2:
Task 3:
Distinguish between aerobic and anaerobic respiration
Complete the equation for aerobic respiration:
Glucose + oxygen 
Complete the equation for anaerobic respiration:
Glucose 
Give an example of where each of these could occur.
Objective:
Task 1:
Describe ways of reducing the spread of disease
Disease can be spread by contact, droplet infection (eg sneezes and coughs), body fluids
(blood, semen, saliva etc) or vectors (eg insects, rats, cockroaches etc). For each of these
ways, describe what could be done to prevent this spread occurring.
Match the chemical with it’s use:
Chemical
Used for
Disinfectant 

killing bacteria inside the body
Antiseptic 

killing bacteria on the body
Antibiotic 

killing bacteria on surfaces
Task 2:
Objective:
Task 1:
Task 2:
Describe how micro-organisms are used in food production
Yoghurt is a food that contains a bacterial culture. Explain why the bacteria are necessary
to produce yoghurt.
Beer is made using yeast, which is a type of fungus. Name the process carried out by the
yeast cells that produces alcohol and carbon dioxide gas.
Objective:
Task 1:
Task 2:
Describe the structure of DNA
Sketch the shape of a DNA molecule.
What sort of chemical do the letters A, T, C, G represent? (you do not need to give their
specific names.)
Objective:
Task 1:
Describe the relationship between chromosomes, DNA, genes and alleles
True or false:
 DNA is a long molecule which makes up our genetic information
 An allele is a pair of chromosomes
 A gene is a section of chromosome that codes for a particular trait (characteristic)
 A chromosome is a long length of DNA consisting of many genes.
Objective:
Task 1:
Describe sexual reproduction in terms of gamete production (halving of
chromosome number), fertilisation (regaining the full chromosome number), and
zygote formation
Complete the diagram:
Ovaries
Meiosis
eggs
46 chromosomes
? chromosomes
Fertilisation
zygote
? chromosomes
Testes
Meiosis
sperm
? chromosomes
? chromosomes
Objective:
Task 1:
Describe the function of X and Y chromosomes
Describe the gender of people with the following chromosomes
a)
XX
b)
XY
Objective:
Task 1:
Task 2:
Distinguish between meiosis and mitosis
List 3 differences between meiosis and mitosis
Give an example of a place in he body where each would occur
Objective:
Task 1:
Define the following terms: gamete, gene, zygote, chromosome, mitosis, meiosis
Match the term with it’s definition
Term
Definition
Gamete

 Cell division which produces identical cells to
the parent cell
Gene

 A section of DNA that codes for a particular
trait
Zygote

 A fertilised egg cell
Chromosome

 One form of a gene
Mitosis

 A sex cell (egg or sperm)
Meiosis

 Cell division process that halves the
chromosome number
Allele

 A long molecule that contains genetic
information
DNA

 A long piece of DNA that consists of many
genes found in the nucleus of cells
Objective:
Task 1:
Task 2:
Understand the importance of meiosis for producing variation in offspring
Why is it important to have variation in a species
During which stage of meiosis does the variation occur?
Objective:
Define the following terms: genotype, phenotype, homozygous, heterozygous, allele,
dominant, recessive, punnet square, pedigree chart, pure breeding
Task 1:
Term
Genotype
Phenotype


Definition
 Two different alleles
 An allele which is expressed if it is present
Objective:
Task 1:
Objective:
Task 1:
Task 2:
Homozygous
Heterozygous
Allele






Dominant
Recessive




Punnet Square
Pedigree Chart




Pure breeding


A possible combination of alleles
One form of a gene
An allele which is expressed if there is no other to
mask it
The physical traits shown by an organism
A way to work out possible genotypes of
offspring
Two identical alleles
A diagram which shows the characteristics of a
number of generations
Organisms which always produce the same
characteristic through generations
Construct monohybrid crosses (punnet squares) to show the expected phenotype
and genotype ratios in the offspring
If a homozygous recessive black winged fruit fly breeds with a heterozygous grey winged
fruit fly:
a) what proportion of their offspring will have black wings?
b) What proportion of their offspring will be homozygous dominant?
Explain examples of the contemporary application of genetics such as selective
breeding of plants and animals, cloning and genetic modification
Select one application of genetics you studied and describe how it could benefit humans
Select another application of genetics you studied and describe any potential problems
that may be caused by this technology.