NAME_________________________________
CP REVIEW SHEET FOR 2014 FINAL EXAM
COMPLETION OF THE ENTIRE REVIEW PACKET IS WORTH 60 POINTS. IT IS
POSSIBLE TO IMPROVE YOUR FINAL EXAM GRADE BY RECEIVING 60 OUT OF 60
POINTS!!! Must be in your handwriting.
DNA/PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
Name the bases of
DNA
Name the bases of
RNA
mRNA travels from
_____ to _______ in the
cell.
What is the job of
tRNA?
What is the job of
mRNA?
Use C A T G G C for the following questions
Write the
complementary
DNA strand
Write the mRNA
strand
Translate into
amino acids using
the genetic code
sheet from your
notes.
Use C A T G G C for the following questions
Show a base
deletion. What is
the result in the
protein?
1
Do a single base
substitution. What
are the possible
outcomes in the
protein?
Who are Watson
and Crick?
Define
transcription.
Define translation.
Define DNA
replication and
know basic steps
using the two
main enzymes
(DNA polymerase
and DNA helicase).
Define a mutation.
Are all mutations
bad? Explain.
MEIOSIS
What is the purpose
of meiosis?
What does meiosis
produce?
diploid (notation
and definition)
haploid (notation
and definition)
chromosome
number in sex cell
chromosome
number in body cell
2
chromosome
number in zygote
Define gametes
What does
fertilization do to
the chromosome
number?
What is
nondisjunction?
What is a
translocation?
What is a
chromosome
insertion?
Name the cause of
Down’s syndrome
What are the # of
chromosomes in
Down’s
Which chromosome
is involved with
Down’s
Describe Turner
Syndrome and the
problem with
chromosomes.
Describe
Klinefelters and the
problem with
chromosomes.
Know what a
karyotype is and
how to read one.
3
What is crossing
over? How does it
help with genetic
variation?
GENETICS
Who is Gregor
Mendel and for
what is he most
known?
Organism Mendel
used
Define a dominant
trait.
Define a recessive
trait.
What is a
homozygous
genotype and give
example?
What is
heterozygous
genotype and give
example?
What is an allele?
Complete the
following crosses:
TT x TT,
punnett &
results
tt x tt
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Tt x Tt
Tt x TT
Tt x tt
Define F1 & F2
generations.
What is a test cross
and why would you
do one? Give an
example.
What is a genotype?
Give an example.
What is the
relationship
between alleles and
homologous
chromosomes?
What is a
phenotype? Give an
example.
5
Cross BbRr x BbRr
Show Punnett,
and Phenotype
Ratio results
Genetics 2
What is incomplete
dominance and codominance? Know
the difference and
show an example.
If you cross
incomplete
dominant red
flowers with white
flowers, what do
you get?
What are sex linked
traits and give 2
examples from
notes?
Which gender
inherits sex linked
trait more? Why?
How does a child
inherit a disease if
the parents do not
have it?
6
Which type is the
universal blood
donor?
Which type is the
universal blood
recipient?
Cross IAIBx ii
(AB xO)
Cross ii X ii (O x O)
Cross IBi X IAi
(BO x AO)
What is Sickle cell
anemia and how is
it inherited.
Be able to construct
and read a pedigree
to predict
inheritance
patterns.
7
Try writing the
symbols and
making a small
pedigree here.
EVOLUTION
Describe the
Theory of Natural
Selection.
Who is responsible
for publishing
about natural
selection?
Describe Lamarck’s
theories about
evolution. Why did
Darwin’s theory
replace Lamarks’
theories?
Describe the giraffe
necks according to
Lamarck.
Describe the
giraffes according
to Darwin.
Define “vestigial”
and give 1 example.
Define “homologous
structure” and give
1 example.
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Define “analogous
structure” and give
1 example.
Explain and
recognize the
5 major types of
evidence that
supports evolution.
Describe how
natural selection
occurs.
Give 1 example.
Describe artificial
selection and give 1
example.
Compare and
contrast convergent
and divergent
evolution and
examples of each.
ECOLOGY
What is an
ecosystem?
Define food chain.
Describe the following community interactions, with examples:
Mutualism
Commensalism
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Parasitism
Predator /Prey
Competition
Define Competitive
exclusion
(consequences of
competition) and
give an example.
Energy pyramid
(10% rule)
Predator
What do Herbivores
eat?
What do Carnivores
eat?
What do Omnivores
eat?
Define habitat.
What is a
community?
What is a niche?
What is ecology?
What is the
importance of
decomposers and
name 3 examples?
10
What are pioneer
organisms in
ecological
succession and
name 2.
Draw a generic food
chain with labels
showing 4 trophic
levels
What is the
Greenhouse effect
and why is it
significant?
Gases of global
warming
Cycles like water
cycle, nitrogen
cycle, carbon cycle
Describe the
population growth
patterns,
exponential and
logistic. Be able to
draw and interpret
each graph type.
Limiting Factors:
Density dependent
and Independent
11
What is carrying
capacity?
Explain
eutrophication,
biodiversity, and
ozone depletion.
VIRUSES
How viruses
reproduce?
What are RNA
viruses are called
that do reverse
transcription?
Describe the lytic
cycle.
Describe the
lysogenic cycle.
Draw and label 2
parts of a basic
bacteriophage
virus.
What is the cure for
a virus?
How could you
prevent a viral
infection?
What prescription
works on bacteria,
but not viruses?
Name an infamous
retrovirus.
12
What is a provirus
(prophage)?
BACTERIA
3 basic shapes of
bacteria, draw and
label
Define prokaryote
and give examples.
What are the two
domains that
prokaryotes fall
into and what are
the basic
characteristics of
each.
Why is it dangerous
to use antibiotics
incorrectly?
What is the function
of the capsule in
bacteria?
What is the function
of the pilli function
on bacteria?
What is a Petri dish
used for?
Give an example of
at least three
pathogenic
bacterium.
Name three ways
bacteria are
important to life
and humans.
13
Name and describe
TWO was that
bacteria increase
their genetic
variation.
SHORT ANSWER TOPICS
YOU WILL CHOOSE 5 OUT OF THE FOLLOWING 7 TOPICS AND DO PRE-WRITING. NOT
OPTIONAL. THIS PART COUNTS AS 10 POINTS OF YOUR REVIEW PACKET.
1. Cross involving colorblindness which is a sex-linked trait found on the X
chromosome. (punnett squares, %, etc.)
2. Be able to transcribe and translate a DNA sequence into amino acids and relate
that to mutations.
3. Know how and why pedigrees are used and be able to predict genotypes and
phenotypes of traits using a pedigree.
4. Bacteria- reproduction and ways bacteria can increase their genetic variation,
helpfulness, how they harm
5. Adaptation and survival- natural selection how it occurs, fitness, variation. Be able
to relate adaptations to their environment and make predictions.
6. Food web and how it works, be able to explain the significance of the different
trophic levels and how the energy moves through the food web.
7. Community interactions and relationships- predation, mutualism, parasitism,
commensalism, competition be able to define, compare and contrast and give
examples.
8. Antibiotic resistance. Explain how antibiotic resistance is becoming a
problem. You must incorporate the idea of natural selection and explain this fully.
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