Transition Metals
 Most have 1-2 valence electrons
 Number of Valence Electrons varies!!
 Groups 3-12
 Ductile, malleable solids (except Hg)
 Conduct heat and electricity
 Most discovered in 1700’s
Uses – Point, rubber, jewelry, coins, electronic tools, wire
Sources – Crust of earth mined and refined, ores of metals
(some man-made)
Transition Metals
 Most have 1-2 valence electrons
 Number of Valence Electrons varies!!
 Groups 3-12
 Ductile, malleable solids (except Hg)
 Conduct heat and electricity
 Most discovered in 1700’s
Uses – Point, rubber, jewelry, coins, electronic tools, wire
Sources – Crust of earth mined and refined, ores of metals
(some man-made)
Transition Metals
 Most have 1-2 valence electrons
 Number of Valence Electrons varies!!
 Groups 3-12
 Ductile, malleable solids (except Hg)
 Conduct heat and electricity
 Most discovered in 1700’s
Uses – Point, rubber, jewelry, coins, electronic tools, wire
Sources – Crust of earth mined and refined, ores of metals
(some man-made)
Alkaline-Earth Metals
 Two valence electrons
 Very reactive, not found free in nature
 Very high boiling and melting points
 React with air and water
 Shiny solids
 Conduct heat and electricity
Uses – Radio parts, steel, medicine, fireworks
Sources – Ore, sea water
Alkaline-Earth Metals
 Two valence electrons
 Very reactive, not found free in nature
 Very high boiling and melting points
 React with air and water
 Shiny solids
 Conduct heat and electricity
Uses – Radio parts, steel, medicine, fireworks
Sources – Ore, sea water
Alkaline-Earth Metals
 Two valence electrons
 Very reactive, not found free in nature
 Very high boiling and melting points
 React with air and water
 Shiny solids
 Conduct heat and electricity
Uses – Radio parts, steel, medicine, fireworks
Sources – Ore, sea water
Alkali Metals
One valence electron
Very Reactive, especially with H2O
Soft, silvery-white, shiny
Good conductors of heat and electricity
Never found uncombined in nature because they are so
reactive.
Uses – Li, medicine – Na, soap, salt, lye, fertilizer
Sources – Electrocuting melted salts
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Alkali Metals
One valence electron
Very Reactive, especially with H2O
Soft, silvery-white, shiny
Good conductors of heat and electricity
Never found uncombined in nature because they are so
reactive.
Uses – Li, medicine – Na, soap, salt, lye, fertilizer
Sources – Electrocuting melted salts
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Alkali Metals
One valence electron
Very Reactive, especially with H2O
Soft, silvery-white, shiny
Good conductors of heat and electricity
Never found uncombined in nature because they are so
reactive.
Uses – Li, medicine – Na, soap, salt, lye, fertilizer
Sources – Electrocuting melted salts
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Rare Earth Elements
 1-7 valence electrons
 Lanthanide and actinide series
 Most are synthetic and radioactive
 Most malleable, high luster
 Good conductors
Uses – Nuclear fuel, bombs, heat resistant alloy, magnets
Sources – Actinides man-made
Rare Earth Elements
 1-7 valence electrons
 Lanthanide and actinide series
 Most are synthetic and radioactive
 Most malleable, high luster
 Good conductors
Uses – Nuclear fuel, bombs, heat resistant alloy, magnets
Sources – Actinides man-made
Rare Earth Elements
 1-7 valence electrons
 Lanthanide and actinide series
 Most are synthetic and radioactive
 Most malleable, high luster
 Good conductors
Uses – Nuclear fuel, bombs, heat resistant alloy, magnets
Sources – Actinides man-made
Noble Gases
 8 valence electrons except for He which only has 2
 Stable, non-reactive, “full” outer energy levels
 Colorless
 Discovered in 19th century
 A.k.a. “Inert Gases”
Uses – Balloons, signs, cancer treatment
Sources – Earth’s atmosphere
Noble Gases
 8 valence electrons except for He which only has 2
 Stable, non-reactive, “full” outer energy levels
 Colorless
 Discovered in 19th century
 A.k.a. “Inert Gases”
Uses – Balloons, signs, cancer treatment
Sources – Earth’s atmosphere
Noble Gases
 8 valence electrons except for He which only has 2
 Stable, non-reactive, “full” outer energy levels
 Colorless
 Discovered in 19th century
 A.k.a. “Inert Gases”
Uses – Balloons, signs, cancer treatment
Sources – Earth’s atmosphere
Non-Metals
 1,4,5,6 valence electrons
 Gas or solid at room temperature
 Brittle, don’t reflect light (not shiny)
 Poor conductors of heat/electricity
 No metallic luster
 Discovered in 1600’s-1700’s
Uses – supports life, medicine, steel, fertilizer, matches
Sources – Mining, oil/gas wells, found naturally, air
Non-Metals
 1,4,5,6 valence electrons
 Gas or solid at room temperature
 Brittle, don’t reflect light (not shiny)
 Poor conductors of heat/electricity
 No metallic luster
 Discovered in 1600’s-1700’s
Uses – supports life, medicine, steel, fertilizer, matches
Sources – Mining, oil/gas wells, found naturally, air
Non-Metals
 1,4,5,6 valence electrons
 Gas or solid at room temperature
 Brittle, don’t reflect light (not shiny)
 Poor conductors of heat/electricity
 No metallic luster
 Discovered in 1600’s-1700’s
Uses – supports life, medicine, steel, fertilizer, matches
Sources – Mining, oil/gas wells, found naturally, air
Halogens
 7 valence electrons
 Non-metallic, gas, liquid or solid at room temp
 React with metals to form salts (“halogen” means saltformer)
 Non-conductors
Uses – Refrigerants, water purification, bleaches, anti-septics,
sno-melt
Sources – salt, sea water
Halogens
 7 valence electrons
 Non-metallic, gas, liquid or solid at room temp
 React with metals to form salts (“halogen” means saltformer)
 Non-conductors
Uses – Refrigerants, water purification, bleaches, anti-septics,
sno-melt
Sources – salt, sea water
Halogens
 7 valence electrons
 Non-metallic, gas, liquid or solid at room temp
 React with metals to form salts (“halogen” means saltformer)
 Non-conductors
Uses – Refrigerants, water purification, bleaches, anti-septics,
sno-melt
Sources – salt, sea water
Other Metals
 3,4,5 valence electrons
 Ductile, malleable, solid, shiny
 High density
 High boiling point
 Most discovered in 1800’s
Uses –airplanes, semi-conductors, pop cans, bike parts
Sources – Bauxite, coal, zinc refining
Other Metals
 3,4,5 valence electrons
 Ductile, malleable, solid, shiny
 High density
 High boiling point
 Most discovered in 1800’s
Uses –airplanes, semi-conductors, pop cans, bike parts
Sources – Bauxite, coal, zinc refining
Other Metals
 3,4,5 valence electrons
 Ductile, malleable, solid, shiny
 High density
 High boiling point
 Most discovered in 1800’s
Uses –airplanes, semi-conductors, pop cans, bike parts
Sources – Bauxite, coal, zinc refining
Metalloids
 3,4,5,6 valence electrons cross between metals and nonmetals
 Properties of both metals and non-metals
 Semi-conductors of heat and electricity
 Along the “stair step”
Uses – computers, calculators, glass, plastics
Sources – mining clay, granite, quartz, sand, refining metals
Metalloids
 3,4,5,6 valence electrons cross between metals and nonmetals
 Properties of both metals and non-metals
 Semi-conductors of heat and electricity
 Along the “stair step”
Uses – computers, calculators, glass, plastics
Sources – mining clay, granite, quartz, sand, refining metals
Metalloids
 3,4,5,6 valence electrons cross between metals and nonmetals
 Properties of both metals and non-metals
 Semi-conductors of heat and electricity
 Along the “stair step”
Uses – computers, calculators, glass, plastics
Sources – mining clay, granite, quartz, sand, refining metals