ORAL AND NONINSULIN INJECTABLE ANTIDIABETIC MEDICATIONS1, 2
BRAND NAME
BIGUANIDE
Glucophage®,
Glucophage® XR
SULFONYLUREA
Amaryl®
Glucotrol®,
Glucotrol XL®
Diabeta®,
Micronase®
GENERIC
NAME
DOSING RANGE
MECHANISM OF ACTION
ADVERSE EFFECTS
MetFORMIN
 500-1000 mg twice daily
 Total dose given once
daily for XR formulations
 Use cautiously in patients
with renal insufficiency
 Decreases hepatic glucose production, decreasing
intestinal absorption of glucose
 Improves insulin sensitivity





Glimeperide
GlipiZIDE
 1-8 mg once daily
 5-10 mg twice daily
 Hypoglycemia
 Nausea
GlyBURIDE
 Micronized tablets: 1.512 mg twice daily
 Conventional tablets: 2.520 mg twice daily
 Stimulates insulin release from pancreatic beta cells
 Reduces glucose output from liver
 Insulin sensitivity increased at peripheral targets
 Improve target response to insulin




 Stimulate insulin release from pancreatic beta cells
 Insulin release glucose-dependent
 Hypoglycemia
 Inhibit dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) enzyme
prolonging active incretin levels
 Incretin increases insulin synthesis from pancreatic
beta cells and decreases glucagons levels
 Pancreatitis
 Hypoglycemia
THIAZOLIDINEDIONE
Actos®
Pioglitazone
®
Avandia
Rosiglitazone
MEGLITINIDE ANALOG
Starlix®
Nateglinide
 15-45 mg once daily
 5-20 mg once daily
 60-120 mg 3 times daily
before meals
®
Prandin
Repaglinide
 0.5-4 mg taken with
meals
DIPEPTIDYL PEPTIDASE IV (DPP-IV) INHIBITOR
Nesina™
Alogliptin
 25 mg once daily
Tradjenta™
Linagliptin
 5 mg once daily
Onglyza™
Saxagliptin
 2.5-5 mg once daily
Januvia™
Sitagliptin
 25-100 mg once daily
Diarrhea
Gas
Nausea
Abdominal Pain
Hold for dehydration
or if undergoing
contrast dye
procedures
Edema
Weight gain
Osteoporosis
Macular edema
ALAPHA-GLUCOSIDASE INHIBITOR
Precose®
Acarbose
 25-100 mg three times
daily at start of each meal
®
Glyset
Miglitol
 25-100 mg three times
daily at start of each meal
SODIUM-GLUCOSE CONTRANSPORTER 2 (SGLT2) INHIBITOR
Invokana®
Canagliflozin
 100-300 mg once daily
Farxiga™
Dapagliflozin
 5-10 mg once daily
®
Jardiance
Empagliflozin
 10-25 mg once daily
GLUCAGON-LIKE PEPTIDE (GLP-1) RECEPTOR AGONIST
Tanzeum™
Albiglutide
 30-50 mg once weekly
subcutaneously
Trulicity
Dulaglutide
 0.75-1.5 mg once weekly
subcutaneously
Byetta®, Bydureon® Exenatide
 Immediate release: 5-10
(extended-release for
mcg twice daily
injectable
subcutaneously within 60
suspension)
minutes prior to a meal
 Extended release: 2 mg
once weekly
subcutaneously
Victoza®
Liraglutide
 0.6-1.8 mg once daily
subcutaneously
AMYLINOMIMETIC
SymlinPen®
Pramlintide
 15-120 mcg prior to each
major meal
subcutaneously
1.
2.
 Delay digestion of ingest carbohydrates resulting in
smaller rise in blood glucose levels following meals
 Abdominal pain
 Diarrhea
 Flatulence
 Inhibit sodium-glucose transporter 2 (SGLT2) in
proximal renal tubules reducing reabsorption of
filtered glucose from tubular lumen
 Results in increased urinary excretion of glucose
 Female genital
mycotic infections
 Increased urination
 Increased thirst
 Dehydration
 Possible worsening
renal insufficency
 Increase glucose-dependent insulin secretion
 Decrease inappropriate glucagons secretion
 Slow gastric emptying
 Hypoglycemia
 Nausea
 Decreased appetite
 Used only in insulin requiring patients
 Reduces postprandial glucose by prolonging gastric
emptying time and reducing postprandial glucagons
secretion
 Centrally-mediated effects on appetite suppression
 Hypoglycemia
 Nausea
References
Lexi-Comp, Inc. (Lexi-Drugs® ). Lexi-Comp, Inc.; October 17, 2014
Drug Facts and Comparisons. Facts & Comparisons [database online]. St. Louis, MO: Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc . Accessed October 17, 2014