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Abbott/Natural Disasters Chapter
The Good Earth Module
Chapter 1- Energy Sources of Disasters
 Origin of the Sun and Planets
 Internal Sources of Energy
 Dating the Events of Earth History
 External Sources of Energy
Earth System, Atmosphere
 Origin of Universe and Solar System
 Internal Energy and the Earth System, Dating the Events of Earth History
 Geologic History, Geologic Time Scale
 Earth & Sun, States of Water
Chapter 2 - Plate Tectonics and Earthquakes
 Plate Tectonics
 Development of the Plate Tectonics Concept
 Magnetization of Volcanic Rocks
 Magnetization Patterns on the Sea Floors
 Some Other Evidence of Plate Tectonics
 The Grand Unifying Theory
 Earthquakes and Plate Tectonics
 Earthquakes and Spreading Centers
 The Arabian Plate
 Earthquakes and Collision Zones
Plate Tectonics, Earthquakes
 Introduction
 Continental Drift
 Sea-floor Spreading, The Grand Unifying Theory
 Sea-floor Spreading, The Grand Unifying Theory
 Sea-floor Spreading, The Grand Unifying Theory
 Plate Tectonics
 Plate Tectonics
 Distribution of Earthquakes
 Convergent Plate Boundaries
 Convergent Plate Boundaries
Chapter 3 - Basic Principles of Earthquake Geology and Seismology
 The Lisbon Earthquake
 What is an Earthquake?
 Faults and Geologic Mapping
 Types of Faults
 Development of Seismology
Earthquakes
 Introduction
 Introduction
 Faults and Earthquakes
 Faults and Earthquakes
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Seismic Waves: Body Waves
Seismic Waves and the Earth’s Interior
Seismic Waves: Surface Waves
Tsunami
Lessons from Tsunami
Locating the Source of an Earthquake Waves
Magnitude of Earthquakes
Ground Motion During Earthquakes
Earthquake Intensity – What We Feel During an Earthquake
A Case History for Mercalli Variables
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Seismic Waves
Seismic Waves
Seismic Waves
Effects of Earthquakes
Seismic Waves
Measurement of Earthquakes
Measurement of Earthquakes
Measurement of Earthquakes
Measurement of Earthquakes
Chapter 4 - Some Earthquakes in Western North America
 Subduction Zone Earthquakes
 Spreading-center Earthquakes
 Transform Fault Earthquakes in California
 Earthquakes in Southern California
Earthquakes, Plate Tectonics
 Distribution of Earthquakes
 Distribution of Earthquakes
 Transform Plate Boundaries
 Earthquake Prediction
Chapter 5 - More United States and Canadian Earthquakes
 Western U.S.: Plate Tectonic Related Earthquakes
 Intraplate Earthquakes: “Stable Central U.S.”
 Intraplate Earthquakes: Eastern U.S.
 Fracture Zone Hypothesis of Major Earthquakes
 Earthquakes and Volcanism in Hawaii
Earthquakes, Plate Tectonics
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 Plate Tectonics
Chapter 6 – Volcanoes
 Anatomy of an Eruption
 Chemical and Mineral Composition of Magmas
 Temperature, Gas Content, and Viscosity of Magmas
 Volcanic Landforms
 Eruptive Styles
 Collapse Calderas
Volcanic Activity
 Introduction, Mt. St. Helens, Eruption Elements
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 Magma Viscosity
 Volcanic Landforms
 Eruption Elements
 Volcanic Landforms
Chapter 7 - Volcanism and Plate Tectonics
 Plate Tectonic Setting of Volcanoes
 Volcanism at Spreading Centers
Volcanic Activity, Plate Tectonics
 Introduction, Plate Tectonics
 Divergent Plate Boundaries, Magma Viscosity
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Volcanism at Subduction Zones
Killer Events and Processes at Subduction Zone Volcanoes
Hot Spots
Gigantic Intraplate Volcanic Eruptions
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Convergent Plate Boundaries, Magma Viscosity
Eruption Elements, Mt. St. Helens
Plate Tectonics
Chapter 8 - Mass Movements
 The Role of Gravity
 Creep
 Causes of Slope Failure
 Classification of Mass Movements
 Falls
 Slides
 Flows
 Subsides
Slope Failure, Groundwater & Wetlands
 Introduction, Slope Failure Factors
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 Introduction, Slope Failure Factors
 Classification of Slope Failure
 Classification of Slope Failure
 Classification of Slope Failure
 Classification of Slope Failure
 Human Modifications of Groundwater Systems
Chapter 9 - Climate Change
 Climate
 Early Earth Climate
 Climate History of the Earth: Time Scale in Millions of Years
 Glacial Advance and Retreat: Time Scale in Thousands of Years
 Climate Variations: Time Scale in Hundreds of Years
 Shorter-term Climatic Changes: Time Scale in Multiyears
 Volcanism and Climate
 Volcanic Climate and Extinctions
 Climate Change
Earth’s Climate System, Global Change
 Introduction, Global Air Circulation, Global Temperature and Precipitation
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 Records of Climate Change, Causes of Climate Change
 Climate History, Records of Climate Change, Causes of Climate Change
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 Causes of Climate Change, Introduction, Greenhouse Gases and Global Change, Global Climate Change,
Greenhouse World
Chapter 10 - Severe Weather
 Weather Principles
 Mid-latitude Cyclones
 How a Thunderstorm Works
 Thunderstorms in the Conterminous U.S.
 Tornadoes
 Extreme Heat
Weather Systems, The Atmosphere
 Introduction, Air Masses, Structure of the Atmosphere, Solar Radiation, States of Water, Pressure and Wind
 Frontal Systems, Mid-latitude Cyclones
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 Thunderstorms
 Tornadoes
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Chapter 11 - Hurricanes and the Coastline
 Hurricanes
 Cyclones and Bangladesh
 Coastline
 Waves in Water
 Human Effects on the Coast
Chapter 12 – Floods
 How Rivers and Streams Work
 The Floodplain
 Flood Frequency
 Flood Styles
 Urbanization and Floods
 The Biggest Floods
Weather Systems, Oceans and Coastal Processes
 Hurricanes
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 Coastlines
 Wave Action
 Shorelines and the Sediment Budget, Shoreline Protection
Streams & Floods
 Introduction, Stream Profile, Channel Migration
 Stream Profile
 Streamflow
 Floods, Mississippi Flood, 1993
 Flood Control
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Chapter 13 – Fire
 What is Fire
 The Need for Fire
 The Stages of Fire
 The Spread of Fire
 Fire Weather
 Home Style and Fire
 The Similarities of Fire and Flood
Chapter 14 - The Great Dyings
 Early Understanding of Extinctions and Geologic Time
 Brief History of Life
 Species and the Fossil Record
 The Tropical Reef Example
 Mass Extinctions During Phanerozoic Time
 Possible Causes of Mass Extinctions
 Examples of Mass Extinctions
Geologic History
 Introduction
 Geologic Time Scale
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Chapter 15 - Impacts with Space Objects
 Sources of Extraterrestrial Debris
 Rates of Meteoroid Influx
Earth System
 Near Earth Objects
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Crater-forming Impacts
The Cretaceous/Tertiary Boundary Event
The Crater-forming Process
Biggest Event of the Twentieth Century
Tunguska Siberia, 1908
Biggest “Near-events” of the Twentieth Century
Frequency of Large Impacts
Chapter 16 - Population Growth
 Overview of Human Population History
 The Power of an Exponent in Growth
 The Last 10,000 Years of Human History
 The Human Population Today
 Carrying Capacity
 Demographic Transition Model
 World Population Data
 Future World Population
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Impact Hazards
Impact Hazards
Beware Flying Rocks
Population & the Land
 Population Growth Rates
 Introduction
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 Introduction, Population Growth Rates
 A Sustainable Society, Modification of Natural Systems
 Population Growth Rates
 Introduction, Population Growth Rates, Modification of Natural Systems
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